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你可能喜欢90的家长都不知道，英语好的学生走的第一步竟然是……
90的家长都不知道，英语好的学生走的第一步竟然是……
找对方法，学习是快乐的事～在孩子学英语这条路上，相信每位中国妈妈都有一部血泪史。如何让孩子在潜移默化中自动自觉不难坚持地把英文学好？走对第一步很重要！！！我们先来看看一位广州妈妈的分享——作为一个8岁孩子的妈妈，我在芮芮学英语这条路上可谓是操碎了心。因为赞成磨耳朵的重要性，从小，儿歌我们只听英文的，绘本有原版就买原版……除此之外，家里还堆积了某虎泡泡英语、某华机灵狗、新某方英语、某麻街DVD、你的孩子一定会听、你的孩子一定会读……期间也不间断地参加了各种有英文概念的早教班。上一年级的时候，芮妈咬牙花了一万五千大洋让芮芮去上了一年的某某尼英语……结果呢？芮妈不能一概而论否定这些年的努力，但不得不承认，芮芮在上某尼之前，基本还属于英语小白一个；上了某尼之后，大概懂了100多个单词的读音，一旦停课，基本上也就忘光光了。为什么会出现这样的结果？芮妈绝对不否认上述的那些学习方法，毕竟人家也有非常多的成功案例。只是总结这几年在芮芮英语学习上所走过的路——东拼西凑、没有系统、不能坚持，是最大的硬伤。作为一种语言，再好的教材、再好的学校一周上两次课，没有课后的不断练习基本上就是然并卵。但是天天陪太子读书，别说是芮妈这样的职业妇女，就算是全职妈妈，又有几个人能做到！这也是为什么在接触大思英语网络课程之后，芮妈毫不犹豫的报名，而且孩子毫不费力地坚持下来。大思英语有什么好？！对于像芮妈这样没有时间和精力天天辅导孩子学习的家长来说，一言以蔽之：太！ 方！ 便！ 了！只要有电脑，有网络，随时随地就可以打开来学习，家长只需要跟孩子设定一个每日通关目标，就可以让孩子自己操作了。而对于芮芮这样的小学生来说，一言以蔽之：太！ 简！ 单！ 了！一个多月的学习下来，芮芮基本能做到每天打10关。目前总共打过了500多关，但句型翻来覆去就是那几个：He is **ingShe is & **ingThey are **ingThe boy is **ingThe boys are **ingIs the boy **ing？……因为重复率很高，芮芮已经对这些句型烂熟于心，看到图片听着录音立刻就能做出判断——不需要经过翻译成中文这一步骤了。现在每关听20多个句子拿100分已经是So Easy。孩子是觉得太简单了，但成功率高了人就有自信，有了自信就能坚持下去。而在这个磨耳朵的过程中，一些基本的生活单词、一般现在时、现在进行时、单数、复数的变化，就潜移默化中植入芮芮的大脑里。比起那些一周两次课，每次课设定一个主题，一个新的句型、时态、一大堆生词，当时很流利，课后如果家长不帮助孩子复习，读过就忘记的学习，芮妈更喜欢这种细水长流的教育。听着芮芮一边抱怨太简单，一边脱口而出The police is drinking，The women are walking ……芮妈觉得，这才是真正的成效。下面，芮妈就跟大家分享一下大思英语的基本学习过程：打开的链接，首先看到是清爽简单的页面。输入用户名和密码之后，来到上次闯关的地点。点击无锁的色块，就可以开始游戏了！这一关学习的是颜色的部分。这个时候，音响里依次传来black、white、red、blue的读音，根据这些读音选择图案点击后，系统会提示正确或者错误，并计分。想要知道自己的学习效果？系统提供了详细的数据统计，你可以看到孩子每一次学习的成绩。也可以跟一起学习的小伙伴们比学赶拼超。此外，大思教育的老师们还每天在群里给小伙伴们打鸡血。如果有问题，也可以在微信上面跟老师进行单个的咨询。学语言，贵在坚持，而大思教育的英语学校，开在各家各户的电脑里，用游戏闯关的方式学习，孩子自己就能操作，每天20分钟坚持下来一点都不难。家有二宝的，哥哥在学习，妹妹也来凑热闹，一起培养！大思教育的老师说，坚持一年下来，孩子的听力一般都能达到小学六年级的听力水平。芮妈对此深信不疑。最重要的是，养成芮芮自主学习的习惯，这比什么都来得珍贵。实际上，不光是芮妈，目前在广州，已经有超过300所小学的学生在学习大思英语网络课程，一些同学在学习的过程中不仅取得了成绩的进步，更重要的是收获了自信。大思英语网络课程还在广州猎德小学四年级举办过两个实验班。使用一个学期后，两个实验班的成果：英语期末平均分提高5分，差生的分数提升了10-20分！孩子们在短时间内取得良好的成绩，除了坚持，也跟大思英语遵循母语学习“以听为首”的原理息息相关。为什么要这样做，我们来看看一个人的母语学习过程10个月时，开始意识听到声音1岁开始意识到语言与事物的联系1岁半只会说单个的名词3岁左右完全学会了说话6岁开始简单的阅读、识字10岁开始简单的写作首先大量听，然后自然说，接着识字、认字，最后写作，这就是母语学习的过程。母语学习成果：短短两年多就能熟练交流，自然轻松、不知不觉中就学会，听、说、读、写全面攻破，一旦掌握，终身不忘。目前大思英语网络课程一共有三个级别：一级：小学1-6年级二级：初中1-3年级三级：高中1-3年级每周学5天，每天学20分钟，每个级别只需一年时间就能学完。也就是说，即便您的孩子目前只上到小学1年级，通过三年的学习，他也可以达到一个高中毕业生的听力水平！小学阶段有四个课程，每个课程有600个练习，一共是2400个练习，包括了小学阶段教学大纲的所有单词、短语、句型。每天20分钟，一周学5天，一年就可以学完小学阶段的所有内容，达到小学六年级的英语听力水平。因为孩子们都非常喜欢这种学习方式，即使5、6岁的孩子也能坚持学习，因为坚持一点都不难！孩子学英语不走弯路，家长一定要明白这些！英语一听就懂，方能脱口而出父母越来越希望孩子能讲一口标准的英语，但是做了很多口语练习，最终发现进步缓慢。三岁小孩讲母语都能非常流畅，为什么英语这么难讲？背后的原理其实是：只要听得懂英语，说会很容易很自然；如果听力不行，练再多口语都很难练好！单词语法学不好，其实是因为听不懂一个美国7岁小朋友，随父母来广州上一年级，尽管他平时很努力的背呀写呀，但每次语文考试总是倒数第一，因为他连中国话都听不懂。后来他逐渐能听懂中国话，语文成绩也变得越来越好了。中国孩子学语，只知道一味的背呀写呀，但是英语听力非常差，这样学英语越学越辛苦。只要能听懂英语，单词、语法都会变得越来越容易。4—12岁是练习英语听力的最佳时间，方法正确，一听就懂来到一个新国家，一年左右小朋友就能听懂当地的外语了，出门就能做父母的翻译了。但是很多成年人在国外几年都未必能听得懂当地外语。因为4—12岁的小朋友大脑处于发育过程中，还没有定型，所以学外语听力非常快，很容易就能听懂外语了，但是过了这个年龄，大脑发育定型，学英语想听懂，就会变得越来越难了。大思英语最小的学员叫卓苇桐，三岁4个月，只学了三天时间，进步神速！（请家长和孩子们一起观看视频，初步了解大思英语的学习模式）小朋友们只是听声音选图片，能明白意思吗？答案是：刚开始不能，一个月后，完全能明白！请看下面视频：大思英语学员伍卓豪，幼儿园大班，学了一个月，意思完全明白了！下面这个视频是广州市元岗小学丁钰儿同学，她二年级时学习大思英语网络课程，学了7个月，目前听力水平比六年级的学生还要厉害的多！越来越多的小朋友加入了大思英语，仅仅广州就有超过300所小学的学生在学习。在家学习、进步神速、家长省心、孩子喜欢、容易坚持！孩子们每天都在创造着属于自己的成就感和信心！为了配合这次推广，大思英语网络课程的教研团队将在近期举办一对一免费试学活动，每个家庭只有一次试学机会，有兴趣的家长不妨让孩子免费试学一下。4-12岁的学生及家长具体上课时间由老师和家长共同商定通过台式或笔记本电脑，老师通过QQ远程协助孩子学习，试学一个小时（请认真阅读，方便成功报名）第一步：长按识别下方二维码，或添加大思教育大思英语的微信号：dasiedu（长按可复制），添加后发送：知识+ 孩子姓名 + 年级 + 手机号码。第二步：大思英语老师与家长确认上课时间。接下来，就体会大思英语给您和孩子带来意想不到的学习成果吧！一听就懂！一学就会！趣味学习！孩子喜欢！
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本人80后 in the 80s从初中开始英语，高中时的词汇量很少那时用的教材是英汉双语的 课文内容涉及知识面没有今天的高中教材那么广泛词汇量大概2000左右，核心词汇1000那时课堂都是传统教具，黑板，课本，加粉笔足矣 我的高中英语老师都是男的，先后经历过几个，有个喜欢放英语歌，上课前就用卡带机放给我们听 记得最清楚的是《此情可待》ocean apart day after day。。。完了老师就讲歌词，当时也影响了一批人，都开始用磁带听欧美流行，有时还在一起交流，哼上几句第二个老师则是个内敛，严谨的人每次讲句子，都会说这里可以用什么词，什么句子替换影响最深的是拿了 《双城记》里开头的一句 当时听的我们是一愣一愣的第一句就是It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,那时times，大家只记得是次数的意思，谁知道是时代，然后讲意思这是最好的时代，这也是最糟的时代。听得又是矛盾丛生，现在有了生活经历也觉得好懂多了，不同人对生活看法不同，因为身处同一时代，也有不同境遇，不同心态。
然后高中过完，就直奔大学。先后有过三个英语教师，第一个戴个眼镜，说话那感觉就跟演小鱼儿与花无缺里的红叶先生差不多，然后最郁闷的是很少用英语交流，最喜欢蹦一句法语，英语专业出身的学了二外，在这里派上用场，汗-_-这种讲课方式当然也调动不起大家学习英语的积极性，就这样转眼大二上学期，可以报名四级了，一共40多人的班就个位数人通过，当时发了个红色纸壳的本本，得瑟的。当然分数嘛就60多点（百分制）。当时班里有个女生考了85分，每次自习室都能看到她拿个电子字典在那看英文。看到寥寥无几的学生通过四级，老师也发愁，申请换老师。这次来了个外校的兼职老师，乖乖，十分嚣张。首先英文脱口秀，说了一堆大家都没听懂，然后汉语自我介绍，某某名牌大学，出国留学，背了基本字典，能说出哪个字在哪一页，然后课文也没讲，主讲四级考试，算是考试辅导老师吧
在课上对学生也很粗鲁 竟然喊女生 肥猪 你起来说一下后来听了几次课 这个人就消失了 辅导员解释原因，据说这位老师与大学学生约会，然后就被学校开了当时还是大二 课程还没学完 只好又调来一个老师，这次是个女的，年龄嘛也就25-30之间
可是完全镇不住学生，讲课的时候，我们在下面可以随意，方便的像在自个家里可能和她讲课也有关，只记得一次讲一篇课文，话题被她引到动物园然后就给我们讲动物，什么猴子可爱，老虎blarblar什么内容不记得了 室友们都是颇有微词 完全和大学生活不相干 感觉回到了幼稚园 尽管如此，这个美眉陪我们走完了大学英语课堂生活just so many for school years 校园经历就这么多大三大四 就没啥说的 只是经过三次考试，终于过了六级当时班里就我一个男生通过，因为学经济的，都不怎么重视，第三次还是认真做了阅读题，才侥幸通过，710分的卷，阅读拿了230左右，总分450不到那个很牛擦的女生第一次六级就考了500多，果然人与人不能相比接着就该说出校园之后的英语之路了 to be continued 楼主歇会
没人顶吗？浪费感情
作为一个高二党，这贴子我顶了
高一党 看看
go onTalk about my first job got after graduation,confused as most of the graduates, I lost the direction of the future career.On account of my introverted charater, I couldn't get the chances, compared to these equal in academic proficiency. One day when I was wondering on the streets of ShenZhen, a post ad. caught my attention, saying, An translator is eagerly wanted. With a mindset of take-a-chance, I got there for an interview, and got an offer beyondmy expectation.Then the serendipity between ENGLISH and ME began from that moment. As to contents of my job, it's mainly about processing letters written in EGNLISH by foreigners and then translating the letters from China written by Colleagues of mine. To make itshort, I serve for the female ones for overseasmarriage, as a bridge for communications. By this means, women may get the chance to live abroad, as long as the foreign guys go about applying a finacee visa, and after that they can go to live in the foreign countries.
It was Lady's Wednesday last night, a special Day in a theme restaurant called Helen's, which is opened up to overseas immigrant students here in Wuhan. Lots of people were reunited from various countries.
聪明的同学其实可以从我的学习经历中领会到一些窍门喜欢英语歌的 可以研究里面的歌词 分析语法结构 地道的句式想扩展单词的 可以用带电子英语词典的手机 随时查看单词 学习里面的例句而最最重要的是要让你的生活与英语发生关系，或者说把书本的死知识和生活的活经历联系起来for example 遇到交通堵塞 想到 traffic jam, traffic conjestion
Be caught in, rush hour, vehicles, traffic lights, limit speed, regulation, 可以一直延展下午想描述一个人 名词 coward, hero, boy, girl, gal, guy, orphan, self-made, easy-goinggood-looking, hard-headed, picky, critical, 从意思到单词，还有理解句子 首先从意思开始，然后分析结构，经过多次训练，便熟能生巧，预感顿生理解句子最关键的不是主语，宾语，而是修饰成分，动词，和连接词
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高中英语定语从句详解
文 章来 源莲山 课件 w ww.5Y k J.cO m 高中英语定语从句详解定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构；它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，或是构成一个名词短语；或是构成一个代词短语。但从结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。排除句子的其他各部分，这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下：1）three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中：signs是：被修饰的名词； that是：关系词；that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句2）those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中：those是：被修饰的名词； who是：关系词;who drink a lot是：定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下：被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子 (其中，"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".)要点提示：1）"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说，关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。例如：They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations （先行词）where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。（本句中的关系词where = 先行词（in）situations 。如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situationspeople normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出，"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系）。 又例如：Rude people are those （先行词） whose (关系词)behavior shows little respect for the rules（先行词） that(关系词) the majority follows .不讲礼貌的人是指那些，他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的人。由此我们还可以看出，"先行词"往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。否则，"关系词"就无法去替代"先行词"而构筑定语从句了。这个道理就如同我们在计算机上"做剪贴以前要先做复制"一样。）2）"先行词"的意义决定"关系词"的选择"关系词"的选择往往是由"先行词"自身表达的意义，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。这个意思就是说，假如"先行词"自身表达的意义是表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"，那么我们就相应地选择表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"的"先行词"。"先行词" 在从句中的语法功能也是决定"关系词"选择的重要条件。比如说，同样都是表示"人的意义"的"先行词"，如果它在从句中作主语，"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的主格形式，如果它在从句中作定语，"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的所有格形式。另外，有时"先行词"本身是表示事物的名词，而它在从句中却与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语，在这种情况下，我们就应该用"关系副词"而不能用"关系代词"了。例如：Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields . 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .有许多声音有意义但不是词。Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom )告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。(一) 关系词从前面的讨论中我们可以清楚地看出，关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法做成定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。1）关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。who用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。例如：I have no idea about the man who wrote the article .我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems .whom 用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。在现代英语里，如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用；但是如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ? 刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。 They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation . 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。 (句中的关系代词whom代替the patient ，在从句中作介词on的宾语，而且介词on提到关系代词的前面，所以who 和whom就绝不可以通用了，此处只能用whom 。)Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? （错误）(句中的关系代词whom(who)代替the girl ，在从句中作介词to的宾语，但是由于介词to已提到了关系代词的前面,who 和whom就绝不可以通用了,所以如果还继续使用who句子就错了。此处只能用whom 。)whose 用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。例如：Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor. 沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。which 用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。例如：Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。I've got a novel which you may like to read .我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。That was a fault which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饶恕的错误。that 既用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，也用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词；在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，但是不能作介词的宾语。在一定范围内，that = who / whom / which 。例如：Views that (which ) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government .工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交付给联邦政府。Who is the girl to that you talked just now ? （错误）要点提示：定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略;如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如：This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday . 这就是你昨天找的那本书。I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading .我不喜欢你看的这本小说。Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about ? 你们谈论的那个人是谁？定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。例如：Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon .（先行词Those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了。）请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。This is the magazine which was sent to me by post .（先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent） 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。
关系代词that 和which的区别 that 和which在一般情况都可以用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。但在下列情况下一般只用that而不用which ：-- 先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时，例如：Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy .任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。There must be something that happened to you .你一定出了什么事。They had nothing that could cure of his disease .他们没有一点能治愈他疾病的东西了。-- 先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only等作定语时，例如：This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before . 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。
然而，在下列情况下却只用which而不用that：-- 当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which 。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：The world in which we live is made of matter .我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow . 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。The world that we live in is made of matter.（正确。因为关系代词虽然在从句中作介词的宾语，但是介词没有提前，所以没有这点要求。）我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。The world in that we live is made of matter.（错误。因为关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而且介词已经提前，所以必须遵从这点要求。）-- 在非限定性定语从句（关于这一点随后就要讲解）中，当关系词表示事物意义时, 只能用which 。这是语法所规定的，没有任何解释。例如：The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。The most important form of energy is electrical energy , which is widely used in our daily life .最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。-- as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句。例如：限定性定语从句 （常用于such … as和the same … as 等句式中）Such points as you've mentioned are really important in solving the problem .你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays .你描述的这种人现在很少见了。This computer has the same functions as that one has .这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。非限定性定语从句 （as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时，as是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实；并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。） As I know , she hasn't got married . 如我所知，她还未结婚。They won the first place in the game, as could be expected.可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我们大家所知，李教授极受学生们的欢迎。
2)关系副词：when , where , why 等。在定语从句，关系副词 = 介词 + which 。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。when 代替表示时间的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语,例如：People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland .人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。He came at a time when we needed help . 他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来了。We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held . 我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。where 代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：The place where we're to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。He is living in a newly-built house where there used to be a pond . 他现在居住的新房是原先一个池塘的旧址。That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot dreams .那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的美丽的校园。why 代替表示原因的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：He didn't tell her the reason why he was so happy .他没有告诉她为什么他那么高兴的原因。The reason why she was late is not so acceptable .她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。They explained the reason to us why they had misunderstood us before .他们向我们解释为什么他们以前误解了我们的原因。介词+关系代词在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom ；关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which 。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：A）动词与介词的搭配B）名词与介词的搭配C）形容词与介词的搭配，等等。总之，要依从句的具体需要而定。例如：A）动词与介词的搭配He has found a good job for which he is qualified .（ qualify + 名词+ for "使…具有…资格" ）他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow . （ talk to + 名词 "与某人谈话" ） 你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents .名词+ rent at + 表示价格的词 "某物以某价格出租" ）他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。B）名词与介词的搭配They are still living in the little house in which they've been lived for 15 years . （ in the house "在屋子里" ）他们现在还住在他们已住了15年的那个小房子里。We've worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large scale.( by a method通过某种方法) 我们已研制出了一个能大规模提高生产的方法。She didn't realize the extent to which she had been distracted .（ to extend "到某种程度" ） 她没有意识到她心烦意乱的程度。C）形容词与介词的搭配The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency . (happy with "对…表示满意")老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她没有工作效率而被解雇。I've found the job for which I've been eager for a long time.（ eager for "渴望得到…" ） 我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .(familiar with 熟悉…)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。2）定语从句的种类在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：
限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：
Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。
例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。
The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。知识过关& &1& Do you still remember the day ___________ I first came to Beijing?1）A. which B. that C. when D. where&& 2）A. where& B. that&& C. which& D. what2& I’m going to visit the school _________ my mother taught physics ten years ago.3& She was not the woman _________ she was before. A. what& B. that&& C. who&& D. as 4& In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _________ they could turn for help.A. whom&& B. who&&& C. to whom&&& D. from whom5& A paper plant is __________ paper is made.& A. which& B. where& C. what& D. in which6& They stayed with me for three weeks, __________ they drank all the wine I had.A. which&& B. which time& C. during which time& D. during which7. ---- How do you like the cake?&& ---- It’s quite different from _________ I had last month.A. that&& B. which&&& C. the one&&& D. the one what8. The Nile, ___________electricity is produced, no longer destroys villages and crops.A. which&& B. from which&& C. from it&&& D. from that9. In the 1950s, _________ blacks didn’t have equal rights, a lot of marches took place.A. when& B. that&&& C. which&& D. from which 10. Bob’s father, ____________, spent four years in Egypt.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A. that worked on the project&&&& B. he worked on the project C. who worked on the project&& D. whom worked on the project11. The retiring teacher made a speech _________ she thanked the class for the gift.A. which&& B. of which&& C. in which&&& D. that 12. He has to work on Sundays, __________ he does not like. A. and which& B. which& C. and when&& D. when13.Which of the two cows ______________you keep produces more milk?A. that&& B. which&& C. whom&& D. when14. He paid the boy US $10 for washing ten windows, most ___________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least year.&&&&&&&&& A. these&& B. those&& C. that&&&& D. of which15. The boys, ___________ could not reach the shelf, went to look for something to stand on.A. the tall of whom&& B. the tallest of whom& C.& the tallest one& D. the tallest of them16. Rabbits make their homes in fields _________ hide their young under bushes or among tall grasses.&&&&& &A. can where they&& B. where they can& C. where can they& D. where can17. Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are produced? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that18. Who is that comrade _______ was there?&&& A. whom&& B. that& C. which&& D. whose19. This is Mr Smith, __________ I think has something interesting to tell you.19）A. who B. whom C. which D. whose&&& 20）A. what B. that& C. who& D. which20. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, ________made me very happy.
&1& She wore a heavy fur coat in such a hot day, ___________ I found quite strange.1）A. which B. that C. what D. when&& 2）A. in which B. at which C. of which D. from which2& China has hundreds of islands,_____________ the largest is Taiwan.3& We came to a place ____________ they had never paid a visit before.3）A. to where B. to which C. that D. which&& 4）A. since B. which C. that& D. when 4& It was twelve o’clock ______they finished the work. 5）A. whom B. whoC. when D. because5& He often helps the students __________ he thinks are not quick at their studies.6 Is there a restaurant around ____I have something to eat?A. that B. what C. which D. where7 It was at the school _________ was named after a hero _____________ he spent his childhood.&& &A. that&& B. where&& C. where&& D. where8 Look at the watch. Don’t you see it is _______ watch ________ Helen lost the other day?A. as& B. the& as&& C. which&&&& D. that9 There is a popular belief among parents ___________ schools don’t pay any attention to handwriting.&&&&&& A. whose&& B. that&& C. which&& D. in which 10 ---- Was _______Bill, _____________ played football well, _________ helped the blind man cross the road?&&&&&& ---- Yes, you are right. He is always ready to help others.A. who& B. that&& C. that&&&& D. that 11 His sister has become a teacher, ___was what she wanted to be.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. which12 In the open boat, the four men, _________ was a doctor, met with a storm on the sea.A. one of which& B. one of who& C. one of whom&& D. one of them13. His glasses, ________ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A. which& B. from which& C. with which& D. without which14. The look, the cover ________ is broken, is not mine. A. of it& B. for& C. whose& D. of which15 The great trouble he __________ show us how to run the machine _______ him completely tired.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A. what&& B. which&& C. that&& D. all that 16 (1995 上海) In the office I never seem to have time until 5:30 p.m.,__________ many people have gone home.&&&&&& A. whose time& B. that&& C. on which&& D. by which time17. Not only _________ the car he __________ been sold by his son for gambling debts, but also&& his new house.&&& A. /; has&& B. had&& C. has&& D. has18. The theory he’s stuck ________ us that earthquakes can be forecast.A, to prove to& B. to proves to& C. proves to&& D. which proved19. The high building ______ is a big hotel.A. we are looking at it&& B. we looking& C. at that we are looking&& D. we are looking at20. The baby _________is not hers.&&& A. of that she is taking good care& B. who she is taking good care&&& C. of who she is taking good care& D. whom she is taking good care of21& (2001) The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.&1）A. until B. that C. when D. where&& 2）A. It B. As C. That D. What 22 2001) ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.23 (1994) The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.A. what&& B. which&& C. that&& D. it24 (1996) After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _______ he grew up as a child.&&& A. which&& B. where&& C. that&& D. when 25 (1998) He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.A. which I think is&& B.which I think it is& C. which I think it&&& D. I think which is26 (1999) --- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.&&&&& --- Is that the reason_______ you had a few days off? A. whyB. whenC. whatD. where27 (1992) In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _______ she could turn for help.A. that&& B. who&& C. from whom&&& D. to whom28 (1997上海) All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ________ in the forest . &A. once they grew& B. they grew once&& C. that once grew& D. once grew29. (1999) Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally& I doubt very much. 30(1993上海) I don’t like __________ you speak to her. 29）A. it B. that C. when D. which A. the way&& B. the in that& C. the way which&& D. the way of which
【专项训练】 1．Football is a very interesting game ,&&& is played all over the world． A．that B．which& C．it D．who 2．Is there anything else&&& you require? A．which B．that& C．who D．what 3．The last place&&& we visited was the Great Wall． A．which B．that& C．where D．it 4．He talked happily about the men and books&& interested him greatly in the school． A．which B．who& C．it D．that 5．The railway tunnel, though the train goes,&& will be completed soon． A．which B．that& C．it D．whom 6．His uncle works in a factory&&& bicycles are made． A．that B．which& C．where D．there 7．There is no dictionary&& you can find everything． A．that B．which& C．where D．in that 8．Next month,&& you’ll spend in your hometown is coming． A．which B．that& C．when D．where 9．Next month,&& you’ll be in your hometown is coming． A．which B．that& C．when D．where 10．I often thought of my childhood ,&& I lived on a farm． A．which B．where& C．when D．who 11．He wanted to know the time&& he needed to know ． A．that B．when& C．where D．what 12．There& isn’t& so much noise in the country in big cities． A．that B．which& C．where D．as 13．They could only read such stories& had been rewritten in simple English ． A．that B．which& C．as D．what 14．The stems of bamboo are hollow& makes them very light． A．which B．as& C．that D．it 15．Crusoe’s dog became ill and died ,&& made him very lonely ． A．as B．which& C．that D．this 16．They’ve invited me to their party , is kind of them． A．as B．which& C．That D．this 17． we know now ,bats come out only at night ． A．As B．Which& C ．That D．What 18．John got beaten in the game , had been expected ． A．as B．that& C．what D．who 19． has been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rules． A．Which B．What& C．That D．As 20．Do you know the reason he was late? A．that B．which& C．for what D．for which 21．He built a telescope he could study the skies． A．in which B．with that& C．through which D．by it 22．I have bought two ballpens , writes well ． A．none of which B．neither of which& C．none of them D．neither of them 23．There are two thousand students in our school , are girls ． A．of whom two thirds B．two -thirds of themC．two -third in them D．two -thirds in which 24．Do you know the man ? A．whom I spoke B．to who I spoke& C．I spoke to D．that I spoke 25．The factory we’ll visit next week isn’t far from here ． A．where B．in which& C．which D．to which 26．This is one of the best films this year． A．have been shown B．that have shown& C．that have been shown D．which has been shown 27．Can you lend me the book the other day ? A．you talked about B．about that you talked& C．that you talked D．which you talked 28．Is there any one in you class family is in the city ． A．who B．who’s& C．which D．whose 29．I’ll never forget the days we stayed together． A．when B．in which& C．which D．what 30．Is some German friends visited last week ? A．this school B．this the school& C．this school one D．this school where 31．I’ll tell you he told me last month ． A．all which B．all what& C．that all D．all 32．Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday? A．for why B．for that& C．which D．why 33．I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress． A．which B．in which……& C．on that D．on which 34．I’ll show you a store you may buy all you need ． A．in which , / B．where , which& C．which , that D．that , that 35．Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long． A．where B．when& C．that D．on which 36．The train she was travelling was late． A．which B．on which& C．for which D．on that 37．The second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945． A．during which B．in that& C．where D．on which 38．Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn ? A．that B．/& C．which D．it 39．This is the best hotel in the city I know ． A．which B．that& C．where D．it 40．I’ve read all the books were borrowed from the library ． A．that B．/& C．which D．they 41．The scientist and his achievements you told me about are admired by us all． A．which B．who& C．that D．whose 42．She hasn’t got enough money to buy the rings ． A．which B．that& C．with which D．for which 43．Finally came the day he bad to beging his study for the next term． A．which B．since& C．that D．till 44．We hope to get such a tool he is using ． A．which B．as& C．that D．where 45．Is there anything to you ． A．that is belonged B．that belongs& C．which belongs D．that belong 46．You can take any seat is free ． A．which B．where& C．that D．in which 47．The old woman has two sons ,one is a teacher． A．of them B．of which& C．of whom D．of who 48．My hometown is no longer the same it used to be ． A．which B．as& C．that D．like 49．You may take anything useful ． A．you want B．what you want& C．you want them D．which you want 50．He tore up my photo and upset me ． A．that B．it& C．which D．what 51．During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns． A．followed B．following& C．to follow D．that followed 52．The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers ． A．that B．wearing which& C．worn by D．in which 53．The clever boy made a hole in the wall , he could see what was going on inside the house． A．in which B．through which& C．at which D．on which 54．The brave man , the tiger was shor is a good bunter． A．by which B．by whom& C．by that D．of whom 55．The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp ． A．with which B．with it& C．with that D．which 【答案】： 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 C 11 A 12 D 13 C 14 A 15 B 16 B 17 A 18 A 19 D 20 D 21 C 22 B 23 A 24 C 25 C 26 C 27 A 28 D 29 A 30 B 31 D 32 D 33 D 34 A 35 B 36 B 37 A 38 A 39 B 40 A 41 C 42 C 43 C 44 B 45 B 46 C 47C 48 B 49 A 50A 51 D 52 D 53 B 54 B 55 A& 文 章来 源莲山 课件 w ww.5Y k J.cO m
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