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题号：3095021试题类型：句型转换 知识点：名词,不定冠词（a，an）,不定代词,疑问代词,形容词,实义动词&&更新日期：
同义句型变化:1. What is Mr. Wang?&&&What does _____ _____ _____?2. Mrs. Green often washes some clothes on Saturdays and Sundays.&&&Mrs. Green often _____ some _____ _____ _____.3. The school is very near Main Avenue.&&&The school is _____ _____ _____ Main Avenue.4. It's time for breakfast.&&&It's time_____ _____ breakfast.5. How much is your car?&&&_____ _____ _____ of your car?6. I usually go to work by bus.&&&I usually _____ _____&_____ to work.7. She is in a red sweater.&&&She is _____ a red sweater.8. The bridge is not far from Daoxiang Road. &&&The bridge _____&&_____&&_____ Daoxiang Road. 9. What other things can you see?&&&&What _____ can you see?10. Do you want to have a try?&&&&&Do you want _____ _____?
难易度：中等
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名词:是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。
名词分类:一、按意义分类1．专有名词 表示具体的人，事物，地点，团体或机构的专有名称（第一个字母要大写）。 例：China（中国）、Asia（亚洲） Beijing（北京）、the People’s Republic of China（中华人民共和国）。专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语，则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall（长城）。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人（复数含义）。如：the Greens( 格林一家人）。2．普通名词 表示某些人，某类事物，某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如：teacher 老师、tea 茶、 reform 改革。　普通名词又可进一步分为五类：①个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示单个的人和事物。　（car 汽车 room 房间 fan 风扇photo 照片）②集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示一群人或一些事物的名称。　　( people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团 )③复合名词：两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的名词　（boy-friend男友 passer-by过路人 brother-in-law内兄） ④物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。　　( fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk牛奶 )⑤抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。　　( labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力 )二、按是否可数分类名词又可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）1、不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。抽象名词，物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词2、可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数形式。
名词易混点举例：一.有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。如：work（工作） ——a work （著作）;&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &glass（玻璃）——a glass （玻璃杯）;&&&&&&&&&&&& &aper（纸） ——a paper（报纸；文件；试卷）tea（茶） ——a tea （一种茶）（表示种类）;&&&&& wood（木头） ——a wood （小树林）;&&&&&&&& room（空间） ——a room （房间）二.容易混淆的名词1.work/job① work是不可数名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思,又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。② job作为“工作”解,其实有两层含义:一个是“干活”的“活”或“零工”;一个作为职业的“事”,是可数名词。&job意思是a piece of work，指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作，实际含义是“职业”，而work通常指抽象意义上的工作，是不可数名词，也可指“工作场所”。如:I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.2. wish / hope①&wish之后可以跟含有动词不定式的复合宾语(wish sb. to do sth.),而hope不可以这样用。例如:I wish you to be happy.我希望你快乐。②&hope和wish都可以跟从句。hope之后的从句的谓语动词用一般将来时或一般现在时,所表达的愿望可以实现;wish之后的从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(以后学),表达的愿望无法实现。例如:I hope you like the flowers.我希望你喜欢这些花。I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只小鸟。(虚拟语气)③hope和wish都可以跟动词不定式(hope/wish to do sth.)。wish比较正式,口气比较强烈; 而用hope所表达的愿望容易实现。例如:I hope (wish) to go to college.我希望上大学。④wish可接双宾语表示“祝愿、祝福”等,但hope却没有这种用法。例如:I wish you success.我祝愿你成功。3.silly/stupid/foolish三个词都含有“蠢”的意思,但略有不同。stupid所表达的程度最强,指智力、理解力和学习能力差;silly指头脑简单、傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有一定的感情色彩;foolish是普通用语,尤其是在口语中广泛使用。如:He is stupid in learning math.他学数学很笨。Stop asking such silly questions.别再问这样傻的问题了。You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.你真蠢,丢掉这么好的一个机会。
4.instead/instead of
instead/instead of
instead是副词,一般放在句首或句末。而instead of 是介词短语,表示“代替”时, 含有“对比”的意思,其后常跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。如:
Jack didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.
杰克没有学法律,而是决定作一名演员。
If you can’t go to the meeting, I can go instead.
如果你不去开会, 我可以(代替你)去。
Could I have tuna instead of ham?
我能否要金枪鱼而不是火腿？
Miss Wang is ill. I’ll teach you instead of her.
王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。
5.frightened/afraid/terrible
frightened/afraid/terrible
① frightened是由过去分词转化的形容词,常指突如其来的震惊,可用very修饰,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
②afraid只能做表语,多用于习惯经常地“惧怕”某事物, 泛指一种“恐惧心理”;后接名词、代词、动名词等时,用介词接动词时,用带to的不定式;接从句用连词that (可省略)。
③ terrible指极端的恐怖,令人痛苦或不知所措。
6.learn/study
learn/study
二者都作“学、学习”讲,有时可以互换。如:
When did you begin to study/learn English?
你是什么时候开始学习英语的?
study侧重学习的过程;而learn侧重学习的结果,常译作“学到、学会”。 如:
He studied hard and at last learned the language.
他努力学习,终于学会了这门语言。
study用于较高深或周密的研究;而learn多用于初级阶段的学习或带有模仿性的操作技艺等。如:
He is studying the math problem.
他正在研究这个数学问题。
He learns English on the radio.
他通过广播学英语。
The baby is learning to speak.
这个婴儿正在学说话。
7.there be/have/own
there be/have/own
①there be表示某处(或某时)"有"(某人或某物),表示客观存在之“有”。
②have是常用词,表示所属关系,是“所有”之“有”。
③ own指合法地拥有某物,强调具有法律上的所有权。
8.answer/reply
answer/reply
这两个词都可作“回答”讲,但用法有所区别。reply为正式用语,多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答,常用作不及物动词,和介词to连用,其宾语为名词或代词,这时可以与answer互换;answer既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,常指口头或书面的回答,是一般用语。如:
The old man smiled before he replied to my question.
老人在回答我的问题前笑了笑。
I cannot answer you now. 我现在不能回答你。
How shall I answer? 我该怎样回答?
值得注意的是,answer可引申为“应答”之类的意义,这时不能用reply来代替。如:
answer the door& (门铃响了)去开门
answer the telephone& 接电话
名词的语法功能：　名词在句中作主语，宾语，介词宾语，宾语补足语，表语以及名词短语作状语。1．主语：The bagis in the desk.书包在桌子里边。2．宾语：I washed my clothes yesterday. 昨天我洗了我的衣服。3．表语：This is a good book. 这是一本好书。4．宾语补足语We selected him our monitor.我们选他为我们的班长。5．介词宾语Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母住在一起。6．定语：She is a Partymember. 她是一位党员。名词口诀：一、人和事物各有名，万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词，具体抽象有不同。　　时间空间和地点，方向位置有专称。主宾定表都可作，名词具有多功能。二、可数名词不可分，若要分离变性质。不可数名词可分离，一分再分仍原物。
英语名词特殊用法:1.family指“家庭”时，强调全体；指“家里人”时强调个体，与住房无关home指“家”，表示同一家庭共同生活的地方，具有感情色彩Kate has left home for school.可作副词也可作名词，意思是“在家”house指“住宅”、“住房”The Greens live in a big house.
2.man总称“人”、“人类”，用单数people泛指“人们”，表示复数概念:People often work in the day.指“人”的个体，但只表示复数概念:There are five people in my family.前面加定冠词指“人民”，表示复数概念:Let’s work for the people.指“民族”时，有单、复数之分:The Chinese people is a hardworking people.person强调“人”的个体，有单、复数之分:There are five persons in my family.
3.police总称“警察”，表示复数概念:policeman强调“警察”的个体，有单、复数之分:My father is a policeman.
4.universe指“宇宙万物”，强调物质概念:When we talk about the universe，we mean the earth， the sun，the moon and many other stars.space指“太空”、“宇宙空间”，强调空间概念:Many countries have sent up the satellites into space.“空间”、“余地”、“空地”:There is no space on the bus.
5.不同国家的人的单复数:
不定冠词：定冠词，英语虚词冠词的一种，冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词，另一种是不定冠词，还有一种是零冠词。不定冠词a(an)与数词one同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作e，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做en。
不定冠词基本用法：不定冠词主要用在可数名词单数前，表示：1.“一个”She is a friend of mine.她是我的一位朋友。可用在表示数量的词组中：four times a day, half a kilo2. “某一个”A car is waiting at the gate.有一辆车在门口等你。3. 某类人或物（可用在表语、同位语中）：She is a Canadian (dancer.)她是加拿大人（舞蹈演员）。4. 某类人或物（可作主语，表示整个这类人或东西）：A child needs love.孩子需要爱。
定冠词和不定冠词的区别：一、不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[e]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。 1、表示"一个"，意为one；指某人或某物，意为a certain。如： A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 2、 代表一类人或物 如：A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 二、定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有"那（这）个"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 定冠词的用法: 1、特指双方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine. 把药吃了。 2、上文提到过的人或事： He bought a house. I've been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3、指世上独一物二的事物： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4、单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。 5、用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very， same等前面： Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。 That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 6、与复数名词连用，指整个群体： They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师) 7、表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前： She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。 8、用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前： the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 9、用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。 10、用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) 11、用在惯用语中： in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country) in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre
冠词口诀:冠词分为定冠、不定冠，不定冠词a和an，“—”的含义表泛指表示特指要用the，次序、方位、最高级世上物体独一个，人或事物再次提以下情况冠词免，学科球类三顿饭名词复数表泛指，季节星期月份前
不定冠词位置：不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：　a. 位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，half，I have never seen such an animal.Many a man is fit for the job.b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.So short a time.Too long a distance.c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lot d. 在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后： Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。All the students in the class went out.　班里的所有学生都出去了。
不定代词：即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。初中常用不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。
不定代词用法例举：①一般用于肯定句中的不定代词：some, someone, somebody, something 例如：They can speak some Japanese. ②一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中的不定代词：any, anyone, anybody, anything 例如：Is there anyone at home? ③一般用于句中表示否定意义的不定代词：no, no one, nobody, nothing 例如：I have no watch. There is nothing wrong with the machine. ④不定代词one指代可数名词，既可指人，亦可指物，它可以代替上文中出现的单数可数 名词，指代复数名词时可以用ones。 例如：I do not have a pen, can you lend me one? I like small cars better than large ones. ⑤none通常只用作名词，在句中作主语、宾语等。意为“没有任何（人或物）”，既可指人，亦可指物。none后常跟of短语，其后用复数可数名词或不可数名词。 例如：None of them knows the answer to the question. ⑥both, all both指两个人、物或群体；all指三个以上的人、物或群体或泛指一切事物。 例如：My parents are both teachers. &&&&&&&&& &All of my friends are football fans. ⑦every, each each一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个别；every用于指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重全体。而且each所指对象在上下文中已十分明确。 例如：Each student went to see that films. (学生至少二人) &&&&&&&&&&& Every student went to the park.（学生至少三人）&&&&&&&& ⑧other, the other, others, the others, another other具有名词和形容词性质，既可指人，亦可指物。other常与定冠词the连用。不定冠词an与other连用则组成another。other只作形容词或代词，表示“其他的，别的”，不可单独使用。 例如：Do you have any other questions? the other作形容词或代词，特指两者中或两部分的另一个或另一部分。 例如：The bookshop is on the other side of the street. &others相当于“other+名词”，泛指“别的人或物”，只有名词性用法。 例如：Some are planting trees, others are watering them. the others相当于“the other+名词”，表示“剩下的，其余的”，特指除此之外的全部 人或物。 例如：There are forty-six students in our class. Two of them are foreign, the others are all Chinese. another作形容词或代词，泛指三个或三个以上不定数目中的“另一个”。 例如：This pen is too expensive, please show me another. ⑨either, neither either指“两者中的任何一个”；neither指“两者中无一”，具有否定意义。 例如：You can take either half. Neither of the books is good. ⑩many, much, most many和much具有名词和形容词的性质，都表示“许多、大量”。Much一般只能指代或修饰不可数名词，many只能指代或修饰复数可数名词。Most指“大部分、大多数”。 例如：Many boys like playing soccer. We have much homework to do every day. Most students think so. (11)few, a few, little, a little a few 和a little 意为“少数、少量”,其意义是肯定的。A few指代或修饰复数形式的可数名词，a little指代或修饰不可数名词。Few 和little意为“几乎一点没有”，具有否定意义。 例如：He has a few friends here. Hurry up! There is little time left.
不定代词的用法：不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。位置不定代词+形容词不定代词+to do作主语Both of them are teachers．他们两人都是教师。作宾语I know nothing about this person．我对这个人一无所知。作表语This book is too much for a child．这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。作定语There is a little water in the glass．玻璃杯里有一些水。作状语I can't find my book anywhere．我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。修饰不定代词的词，一般情况下要后置。
疑问代词：疑问代词在句中起名词的作用，用来构成疑问句。常用的疑问代词有：　　&what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 　　 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有词性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。&what, which, whose还可作限定词。 Whose books are these on the desk?桌上的书是谁的？What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：指　人： who, whom, whose指　物： what既可指人又可指物： which
疑问代词说明：一、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如：Which girls do you like best?你喜欢哪几个姑娘？What girls do you like best?你喜欢什么样的姑娘？
二、Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：Who(m) did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）Who(m) are you taking the book to?你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）To whom did you speak on the campus?你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词 后，不能用who取代。）
三、疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未，例如：For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）What are you looking for?你在找什么？（现代英语）
四、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：I can't make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。
疑问代词用法：1. 疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用来构成疑问句的：Who is calling? 谁打电话来？Whom do you want to speak to? 你想找谁接电话？作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom，在口语中用who作宾语时也不少：Who did you mean? 你指的是谁？Who are you talking about? 你们在讲谁？直接跟在介词后时只能用whom：With whom did you come? 你和谁一道来的？(口语中说“Who did you come with?时更多一些。)2. 其他三个疑问代词可用作：1)主语：What’s your address? 你的地址怎样写？Whose is better? 谁的好一些？Which of these is yours? 哪一本是你的？2)宾语：What do you mean? 你是什么意思？Which do you like better? 哪一个你更喜欢一些？Whose have you chosen? 你选了谁的？3)表语：What’s her name? 她叫什么名字？Whose is it? 这是谁的？4)定语(这样用时有些字典标作形容词)：What time does the train leave? 这列火车什么时候离开？Which room shall we stay in? 我们住哪间房？Whose passport is this? 这是谁的护照？
形容词：简称adj.或a，形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏与否，形容词在句中作定语，表语，宾语补足语。她是一个好学生，她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?
形容词的语法功能：一、作定语He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。二、作补语形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果，并常用在表示“认为，看待”的动词如believe，prove，consider等候。例如：The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。Don't marry young.不要早婚。三、作状语形容词或形容词短语可作状语，形容词作状语时，可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略，可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如：Enthusiastic，they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人，不管是年轻人还是老人，我们都有问题。四、做表语The ship was adrift on unknown seas．那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。五、做主语Old and young joined the discussion.Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语Very good!Say it again.Stupid!He must be crasy.
形容词的几个特殊用法：most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。 "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。 The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了. It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。 The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。&I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。 the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。 I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。 The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。
以-ly结尾的形容词1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错：(错） She sang lovely.　　&&&&&&&&&& （错） He spoke to me very friendly.　　 （对） Her singing was lovely.　　（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.
too+adj.+to句型&& “太…而不能”& He is too young to go to school.&=He isn’t old enough to go to school.&=He is so young that he can’t go to school.
形容词的位置:1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语?&& 单个形容词修饰名词时，一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如：?&& a red flower一朵红花?an interesting story一个有趣的故事?&& six blind men 六个盲人?my own house我自己的房子?如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定，越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面，音节多的形容词放在后面。&& 2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：?&& &&& She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。?&& &&& I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。?&& &&& Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗？?&& 3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：?&& &&& It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。?&& &&& Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。?&& &&& This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。?&& 4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如：?&& &&& All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?&& &&& 所有的人，无论老少，都应该严格要求自己。?&& &&& We are building a new school, modern and super.?&& &&& 我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。?&& &&& All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家，无论穷富都应该互相帮助。?&& 5.有少数形容词，如enough和possible，既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：?&&& Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗？?&&& Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。6.有些形容词，置于名词之前与之后，含义不尽相同。例如：?&& the writer present 出席的作者?&& the present writer 现在的作者?7.表示长，宽，高，深，及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。This river is about 100 metres wide.The building is more than 50 metres tall.&He is less than 40 years old.8. enough修饰名词时，在名词前后都可以。They said that they had enough food.=&They said that they had food enough.&enough 修饰形容词和副词，位于其后。&He is old enough to join the army.&He isn’t old enough to go to school.9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词，疑问副词或不定代词后&what/who/where/when/when else&something/anything/nothing…else&What else did you do?&Do you have anything else to say?10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。This is the book easy to read.这是一本容易读的书。
形容词知识拓展:名词化的形容词：有些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，这时，它相当于一个名词，可作主语或宾语；表示一类人时，看作复数，表示一类事物时，通常看作单数。Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.The old are taken good& care of in American.the+形容词，常见的短语有：the old/the young/the sick/the white/the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)形似副词的形容词：以-ly结尾的词通常是副词，但是下列词为形容词。friendly& lonely (孤独的) ；lively (活着的)；lovely(可爱的)复合形容词的类型：(1)名词+过去分词& man-made satellite 人造卫星(2)形容词+现在分词& a good-looking man(3)形容词+名词& second-hand cars(4)数词+名词-ed&& three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子(5)数词+名词& 400- metre race(6)副词+现在分词& hard-working students(7)副词+过去分词& well-known writers(8)形容词+形容词& a dark-red jacket(9)形容词+过去分词& ready-made clothes 成品服装含有形容词的常用句型：(1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.(good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )It’s very kind of you to help me.(2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.(difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)It’s important for us to learn English well.(3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式&表示情感或情绪的形容词：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…&I'm glad to see you.表示能力，意志或推测的形容词：ready,able,sure,certain…&I’m sorry to hear that.某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词the moving story 令人感动的故事a moved boy&& 一个被感动的男孩a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子a frightening film 一个恐怖电影
实意动词：即行为动词，表示动作的动词。实义动词与系动词是相对的，能独立用作谓语。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种：及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词；不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词。
实意动词使用方法：及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如：I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?”Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如：Birds fly.鸟会飞。It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。My watch stopped.我的表停了。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较：Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词)They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如：Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
英汉实意动词用法比较：与汉语的比较，有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列两种情况：a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而汉语则可用作及物动词，如arrive到达，agree同意，listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如：We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较：We reached the railway station at noon.)Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较：We all heard the lecture.)Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词，而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词，如serve为…服务。Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务用于be动词之后，实义动词之前。
&实意动词的用法：肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它否定句：主语+助动词didn‘t+动词原型+其他一般过去式：Did+主语+动词原型+其他
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