英语改错的一些方法,原则,技巧
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英语改错的一些方法,原则,技巧
错词现象主要出现在名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、主谓一致、代词、词形（指应该用动词、名词还是形容问形式,以及平行结构中词的正确形式）、冠词.缺词现象主要出现在冠词（名词前）、介词（不及物动词后或固定结构中）、助动词、不定式符号to,连词、语义不完整现象等方面.多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面.一、试题特征 设错类型分两大类：语法错误和逻辑错误,语法错误包括词法错误和句法错误.错词现象主要出现在名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、主谓一致、代词、词形（指应该用动词、名词还是形容问形式,以及平行结构中词的正确形式）、冠词.缺词现象主要出现在冠词（名词前）、介词（不及物动词后或固定结构中）、助动词、不定式符号to,连词、语义不完整现象等方面.多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面.下表为近两年高考短文改错词法设置的主要考点： 二、解题思路（一）注意英语词汇的曲折变化从历年高考短文改错的命题看,考查英语的曲折附加成份占有相当大的比例.所谓曲折变化即是各种词形的变化,它是拼音文字特有的表现形式,如：动词的曲折变化,名词的曲折变化,代词的曲折变化,形容词副词的曲折变化等,而汉语则无这种变化.因此在复习时,应充分了解各种词性的曲折变化,针对性地进行专门训练. 1．考查英语动词多变的外在形式,包括时态的曲折变化、现在第三人称单数、被动语态的曲折变化、非谓语动词的曲折变化等. A．非谓语动词错误 1) I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future! (NMET 2005福建) 析：see改为seeing.look forward to 中to为介词,后接动名词. 2) I may
I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts. (NMET2004全国卷II)
析：giving改为given,过去分词做定语. 3) In other words, they help to keep people strong and feel good (NMET 2005湖北) 析：feel改为feeling,考查keep sb. doing 4) I found a small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room (NMET2005江西)
析：shone改为shining."with＋名词＋现在分词”构成的复合结构. B. 时态错误 1)Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become strangers at once. (NMET2004) 析：talked改为talk,由后半句可知. 2) I will write again and send you the photos we take together. (NMET 2005)
析：take改为took C. 语态错误 1) When one student does so, much larger values are destroying. (NMET2005重庆) 析：destroying改为destroyed. 2) After the drive, it was cost just over $ 2 to put the car back into perfect cond至t至on.(NMET 2005安徽) 析：去掉was.此处cost不用被动语态. 2.考查英语名词的单复数变化 1) And I came to understand that knowledge, could change my life (NMET 2005辽宁） 析：knowledge,改为knowledge. 2) I used to love science class-all of them biology, chemistry, geography, physics. (NMET2001春季) 析：class改为 classes,山后半句可知. 3．考查英语代词的变化 1) I felt very pleased with me. (NMET 2005天津） 析：me改为myself. 2) This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost was regarded "the best car in theworld".（NMET 2005安徽） 析：This改为It, it代替that从句. 4．考查比较形容词、副词的变化 1) It is real a good chance to have met all of you here. (NMET 2005福建） 析：real改为really. 2) It is dishonest and foolishly to help or to ask help from others. (NMET 2005重庆) 析：foolishly改为foolish. 3) (After learning the basics of the subject,) nothing else seemed very practically to me. (NMET 2001春季) 析：practically改为practical,形容词作表语. 5. 考查词性、词形误用.不同的句法功能要求使用与之相适应的词性、词形. 1) There have been reports in Americaabout people trying to steal person information for bad purposes. (NMET2004卷III) 析：person改为personal,形容词做定语. 2) Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. (NMET1998) 析：important改为importance. 3) I would describe myself as shy and quietly.(NMFT 2001) 析：quietly改为quiet, describe... as后用形容词. （二）考查短文中的行文逻辑错误 针对此类试题,考生必须对全文整体理解并根据上下文,才能发现问题所在.考生要根据前后文的选择、因果等其他关系确定使用适当的连词.同时不要忽视and—and—not对于整个句意的逻辑关系所造成的根本变化,这也是命题的惯用手法.例如： 1) We liked the dishes you bad cooked but we were happy to learn the English songs youtaught us. ( NMET2007,山东) 析：but改为and.上下文为并列关系. 2)Unfortunately, I won't be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. (NMET 2001) 析：although改为as because. 上下文为因果关系. 3) He told me that I'd probably have a heart attack while I started eating less. (NMET2005广东) 析：while改为unless. 4) First, let me tell you something more about myself. (NMET1997 ) 析：去掉more,more与句首first逻辑不符. （三）短文改错中的一致现象 短文改错中所涉及的一致关系主要包括主谓一致,即谓语动词的单、复数形式要与句子主语保持一致；时态一致,即句中谓语动词的时态要与该句中的时间状语或上下文乃至全文的时态保持一致；代词指代一致,即代词所指代的内容要与该先行词在性和数方面以及要与其自身的指代在意义上保持一致.例如： 1．代词指代一致 l) Somestudents may also save up for our college or future use. (NMET 2005) 析：our改为their.主语为some students. 2) More people start a stamp collection of your own (and discover an interest which caneven last a lifetime). (NMET 2004浙江) 析：your改为their,注意代词和主语的一致. 2.主谓一致 1) Having fun with their friends make them happy. (NMET 2005湖北) 析：make改为makes,动名词做主语,谓语动词用单数. 2) I did a good job and won the first prize. Now my picture and the prize is hanging inthe library. (NMET 2000) 析：由and连接两个并列成分,如果不是指同一个人或物,或一体性的物如knifeand fork等,谓语动词要用复数形式.故将is改为are. 3．时态一致 1) They did not want me to they want me to devote all my time to mystudies so that I'll get goal marks in all my subjects. (NMET2001) 析：根据全文时态,应将did改为do. 2) During the World Cup in 2002. my dad stays up late just to watch his favorite sport.(NMET 2005浙江) 析：stays改为stayed. （四）注意短文改错中的平行结构现象 平行结沟是指两个或更多的词、词组或从句具有相似或相等的句法功能.在表达相互平行的概念时．要使用相同的语法结构,即动词与动词相配,形容词与形容词相配,分词与分词相配,不定式与不定式相配,短语与短语相配.平行结构经常借助于并列连词and,but,or或连词词组not only...but also... , not... but...,either... or...,neither...nor...,as well as等.例如： 1) I still remember going there early and felt anxious about the new world. (NMET 2005辽宁) 析：felt改为feeling,和going并列. 2) We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. (NMET 2005江苏) 析：keep,改为kept,和named并列. （五）“画龙还须点睛”.短文改错中的缺词错误分析 1．缺系动词 I'd like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country. (NMET 1997) 析：like to后加be. 2．缺介词 But I have spent most my money, so I cannot even go out of town. (NMET 2004) 析：my前加of. 3．缺冠词、物主代词等限定词 1) I hope you've had pleasant journey home. (NMET 2005) 析：pleasant前加a. 2) Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. (NMET 2001) 析：fire前加the, 4.在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词 People do not know each other often become friends after they have played together. (NMET 1990) 析：people后加who,此句缺少定语从句引导词. 5. 缺连接词 I told Mother. Father, Sister, all my friends（here what a great time I had）. (NMET 1995) 析：all前加and,最后两个并列成份之间要用并列连词. 6．缺否定词 He is a kind-hearted man and he will refuse to help others at any time. 析：Will后应加not,根据逻辑可知. 7. 缺不定式符号to My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a goodeducation. (NMET2001) 析：make前加to.不定式表示目的. 8．缺少助动词 Why you think so tinny people still suffer from poverty now? (NMLT 2001广东) 析：Why后加do. （六）“画蛇何须添足”.短文改错中的多词错误分析1.受母语思维影响,出现汉语式结构,造成冗言冗言错误的形成主要来自汉英差异的模糊.对英语惯用语在使用上的细微差异缺乏了解.主要考查程度副词和频率副词,如much,more,often等的多余；同意的重复现象；句子结构中多余的词以及由于受汉语的影响,多用了某些词语等.例如： 1) Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. (NMET 2000) 析：去掉often,因为whenever表示“无论什么时候”,若用often显得重复. 2) I'll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. (NMET 2000春季) 析：all与the whole重复.只能保留一处,由于此处不表示特指,故只能去掉all. 3) Clever as she is, but she works very hard．(NMET 2004福建) 析：去掉but前一句是让步状语从句. 2．不明词义内涵,造成词义重叠 1) I was a few miles far away from anywhere on a cold, wet night. (NMET 2005江西) 析：去掉far, far和a few miles语义重复. 2) All of us were sitting around the fire in the living room, listening to one of grandma'sbest favourite stories. 析：去掉best或favorite, best意为“最好的”, favorite意为“最喜欢的”,语义重复,所以只保留其中的一个. 3．多介词 1) Will you join in the tourist group organized by our school? ( NMET 2005山东) 析：去掉in. 2) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. (NMET 2005江苏) 析：去掉for. 3) I won't be able to come in this time. (NMET 2000北京春季) 析：去掉in.作状语的时间名词前有this,that, these, those, one, all, next, last, tomorrow, yesterday, any, some, every, each等修饰时,其前不能使用介词. 4．多冠词 We have made a great progress. (NMET 2005福建) 析：去掉a, progress不可数. 5．定语从句中的成分重复 1) There are a lot of things I haven't time to do them. 析：去掉them, them和被省略的定语从句引导词重复. 2) He has made a great discovery which I think it is of great importance to science. 析：去掉it, it和which重复. 6. 固定搭配中多限定词 1) Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. (NMET 2000) 析：去掉a,句中是固定搭配,表示“（忽然）看见”. 2) …in any other words, I am an only child. (NMET2001) 析：去掉any, in other words为固定搭配,意为“换句话说”. 7．多不定式符号to Some students may also to save up for their colleges or future use. (NMET 2005) 析：去掉to,情态动词后用动词原型 8．形容词副词前多修饰语 Both the diet and the exercise will help me to lose weight and feel more better. (NMET2005广东) 析：more改为much.more不能用来修饰better. 三、短文改错题的解题策略 （一）解题步骤 l.通读全文,掌握大意 短文改错不同于单句改错,它涉及行文逻辑及句子与句子间必要的联系错误.单独看可能是对的,但从整体看却与上下文不符.做短文改错时应该树立整体意识,应从短文整体入手,短文改错实际上间接地考查考生的文意理解和纠错能力,所以考生必须在阅读并且在理解文章的基础上去发现并改正错误.因此,事先应该先快速粗读一遍短文,留心文中关键的词句,把握文章的大意及上下文之间的联系,为下一步判断和改错奠定基础. 2．整句理解,逐行分析. 因为短文改错题的特征是分行设置错误的,而不是以句子为一个单位设置错误.考生在进行改错时必须在通读全文的基础上,对照上下文逐行逐字细读,分行判断理清句意,找出上下文之间的内在联系及其行文逻辑关系,推断字里行问的含义,检查句子的结构是否完整,语气是否连贯等.在细读全文时,抓住短文改错的规律,分析要以句子为理解单位,挖掘错误却要以行为单位.总之,在分析句子过程中,考生应对每句话的句子成分进行分析,根据上文讲的错误类型确定正确答案. 3．复读全文,检查核对 回头重读全文验证答案,将初步改错的短文再次细读,检查并验证所做的答案是否能使语气贯通流畅,行文逻辑发展是否合乎情理,语篇结构是否严密完整.在复读检查过程中,既要看清词和句子,更要注意整体的逻辑关系,特别是上下文的联系,既要重视文字、句子的字面意思,又要弄清文字段落的内在含义和内在逻辑关系及篇章结构.还要特别留意文章的意思是否连贯通顺,是否符合逻辑. （二）须注意的问题 1.在训练和考试中要严格按照题例要求和解题说明,用规定的符号去改错.不要用文字去说明或用箭头去表示,更不能随意在原题中乱划. 2．注意一些改错原则1)标点符号不改.2)词序错误不变.3)大小写不改.4)改错只能是一一对应,不能把两个或更多的词改为一个词.5)必须用相近或相反的词更换名词或动词等实词. 3．在平时高三复习过程中,要系统掌握英语语法知识,并能正确运用.注意收集平时易犯错误,重视归纳总结,熟悉错误类型.短文改错与书面表达的训练要相互渗透.在写作时,要注意培养自己的纠错能力.考题中的错误五花八门,但只要有了一定的水平,什么样的试题都能应付.所以练习短文改错时,应尽量从正面入手,牢牢掌握正确的规则.
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喜欢该文的人也喜欢高中英语改错题：看不懂句子也能做对题的技巧高中英语改错题：看不懂句子也能做对题的技巧英语奇兵百家号大家好，我是奇兵老师。10年中学英语教学经验和超过10000个小时的授课时间。这篇文章写给那些分数在0—80之间，想要掌握一些解题技巧，争取在考试中多拿几分的高中学生。当然，我不鼓励同学们只钻研这些解题技巧，如果你的时间充裕，一定要去扎扎实实地记单词，学语法，进行听说读写的训练。但如果你马上要面临高考或者其他考试，看看这篇文章对你有很大帮助。下面讲的是改错题的技巧，有很多技巧是能让在你看不懂文章，读不懂句子的情况下，只需记住几个单词就能做对题目。改错题的原则：1、一个句子大多数情况是1-2个错误，极少数出现3个错误。2、每次只能改一个单词，不能连续改两个单词。3、一种类型的语法错误只会出现一次，比如已经改了一个名词变复数的错误，那后文当中就不会在出现名词复数的错误了。1、 Though / Although …… but例：My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to where I live. Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area. （2016全国卷I）讲解： though和although意为“虽然”，but意为“但是”，在英语中“虽然……但是”不能在一起连用。也就是说though/although和but不能出现在一个句子中，以后在句子开头看到though/although要下意识地马上看看后面有没有but，连句子都不需要读懂，如果有but，你应该很高兴，这一分是稳拿了。把but去除掉。练习：Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.（2014全国卷I）答案：把but去掉2、because ……so例：Because I have seen the movie，so I won't go.讲解：because意为“因为”，so意为“所以”，在英语中“因为……所以”不能在一起连用，他们不能出现在同一个句子中，同样以后看到because要下意识地马上看看后面有没有so，一样地连句子都不需要读懂，如果后面有so，这一份也是稳拿。把so去除掉3、Beside和besides例：Beside, they often get some useful information from the internet.讲解：beside意为“在……旁边”，besides意为“除了”。besides是副词一般放在句子开头，beside没有这样的用法。换句话说就是在句子开头出现beside并且后面有个逗号，连句子都不用看了，直接把“beside”变成“besides”4、however和but例：He was five years old. But,he knows a lot.讲解：however意为“然而”，but意为“但是”，中文的意思基本没有区别。他们的不同在于出现在句子开头时，写完however要有个逗号跟在后面，but没有这种用法换句话说就是，如果看到but出现在句子开头，并且后面有个逗号，可以毫不犹豫地把but改成however，不需要去读懂句子。5、非限制性定语从句的连接词不能用that例：In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. （2017全国卷II）讲解：非限制性定语从句前有逗号，非限制性定语从句的连接词不能用that。换句话说就是句子都不用看了，只要这个“that”出现在句子中间，前面又有一个“逗号”，如果前面出现了“人”就把that改成who，如果出现了“事、物”就把that改成which。这一题中就是把that改成which注：前面是“时间”，则连接词改成when，前面是“地点”，则连接词改成where，但这两种情况出现较少。练习1：Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.（2013全国卷II）练习2：The EXIT signs could not be seen clearly, that presented potential safety problems.练习3：The hero of the film is Hiro, that is a 14-year-old robotics genius.答案：练习1：把that改成which练习2：把that改成which练习3：Hiro是人名，把that改成who6、介词后面的动词要变成ing形式例：I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.（2016全国卷III）讲解：介词后面的动词在90%的情况下需要变成ing形式，不需要读懂句子，你只需认识介词和其后面的动词。在这个句子中你只需认识by是介词，wear是动词“穿”，这一题的改法是把“wear”改成“wearing”
常见的介词有“in,on,at,of,about,after,before,by,from,with,without……”练习1：After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing. （2015全国卷II）练习2：After think for some time,I let her copy my answers.（2013四川）练习3：We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.（2016全国卷II）答案：练习1：把looks改成looking练习2：把think改成thinking练习3：take和staying一样都是在介词between后面，把take改成taking7、enjoy,practise,mind,like,love,keep等后面的动词要用ing形式例：I enjoy sit close to the windows and looking at the view.（2015浙江）讲解：看到enjoy意为“享受，喜欢”，practise意为“练习”，mind意为“介意”，like意为“喜欢”，love意为“爱，喜欢”。出现在他们后面的动词必须是ing形式。基本上也不用看句子但你要认识以上几个单词。这题中，把sit改成sitting8、to+动词原形例：She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs（2013全国卷I）讲解：to后面的动词在90%的情况下要变成原形。把holding改成hold练习1：He would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us.（2015全国卷II）练习2：It’s difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she’s outside.(2014辽宁)练习3：It costs so little that almost every family can afford to buying one.答案：练习1：把knowing改成know练习2：把understanding改成understand练习3：把buying改成buy9、情态动词+动词原形例：We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.（2016全国卷II）讲解：情态动词can,must,may,should,could,might,have to……后面的动词必须要用原形。这一题中，can后面的chose是过去式，要改成原形choose练习：We must found ways to protect our environment.（2015全国卷I）答案：把found变回原形find10、much和many之间互换例：We don’t need to do so many homework.（2014全国卷II）讲解：了解much和many的区别也不用看句子了，只需要看看many或much前后的单词即可。much+不可数名词。many+可数名词复数。much还可以做副词，many没有这种用法。这一题中homework是不可数名词，需要把many变成much如果实在还是看不懂，把看到的many或much进行互换，也有很大概率做对。练习1：It does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot.（2016全国卷II）练习2：It’s been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.（2015四川）练习3：The fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.（2014全国卷I）练习4：I understood that he missed us just as many as we missed him（2013辽宁）.练习5：Much rare animals are dying out.（2015全国卷I）答案：把many和much进行互换11、数词后面的名词加复数例：There was a long line of traffic for at least for six mile.（2012辽宁）讲解：数词即是“one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten……”出现在数词后面的名词不管你认不认识都必须是名词复数，名词复数最常见的变化是在词尾加“s”，此题中，six是一个数词，我们需要把mile变成miles练习1：I needed to stay in a hospital for at least for two week.（2012浙江）练习2：My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.（2015浙江）练习3：As I told you last time, I made three new friend here.（2015四川）练习4：For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.（2014全国卷I）答案：练习1：week出现在two后面，变成weeks练习2：side出现在three后面，变成sides练习3：friend出现在three后面，变成friends练习4：hour出现在one and a half（一个半）后面，变成hours未完待续……如果大家喜欢奇兵老师的文章，欢迎关注，转发和评论。本文由百家号作者上传并发布，百家号仅提供信息发布平台。文章仅代表作者个人观点，不代表百度立场。未经作者许可，不得转载。英语奇兵百家号最近更新：简介:专注中学英语和零基础英语作者最新文章相关文章英语单句改错练习·少介词
英语单句改错练习·少介词
1. The music is nice to listen.
2. We have to find a hotel to stay.
3. I have some personal matters to see.
4. This is what he is worrying.
5. None of us knows who the old man depends.
6. Every child is taken good care.
7. The ice is too thin to skate.
8. The girl never speaks until spoken.
9. These problems ought to be paid special attention
10. Every minute should be made full use.
11. This picture is worth looking.
12. He was praised because what he had done for the disabled
13. Abbie was the only creature Kate could talk.
14. He came on foot instead of car.
15. He looks down me.()
1. listen 后加to。后面的不定式是主动形式表被动意义。
2. stay 后加at。后面不定式作定语，要用主动形式表被动意义。
3. see 后加to。后面的不定式是主动形式表被动意义，需用及物动词词组, see to表“处理、关照”之意。
4. worrying 后加about。worry 后不能直接接宾语。
5. depends 后加on。depend on后接宾语。宾语为前面的 who。
6. care 后加of。这是一个的句子。take care of为固定词组。
7. skate 后加on。后面的不定式是主动形式表被动意义。应在“冰上滑”。on不能省略。
8. spoken 后加to。这是一个省略句式，完整的句子是…until she is spoken to。
9. attention 后加to。这是一个的句子。pay attention to为固定词组。
10. use后加of。这是一个的句子。make full use of为固定词组。
11. looking后加at。后面的不定式是主动形式表被动意义。
12. because 后加of。because of后面接的是以what引导的宾语从句，而不是原因状语从句。
13. talk 后加to。后面是一个定语从句，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，已省略。talk 不能直接接人作宾语。
14. of 后加by。
15. down 后加on (upon)。Look down on (upon) 为：瞧不起人
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