在英文中为什么要用动名词形式？
在英文中为什么要用动名词形式？
08-12-13 &
就象汉语中为什么要有动词和名词一样，都是一个道理啊
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下面是英语辅导报上关于非谓语动词动名词的讲解，希望对您有所帮助 动名词(v-ing)是动词的另一种非谓语形式，它兼具动词和名词的性质，既保留动词的意义和搭配关系，又起着名词的作用。测试的重点在于判断哪些动词或结构要求连用动名词以及动名词的时态和语态。 1．接动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语 1）动词：acknowledge, admit, advise, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, fancy, finish, forgive, imagine, include, involve, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, quit, recall, resent, resist, suggest, understand等。例如： I would appreciate your keeping it a secret.若你能保守秘密我将很感激。 2）动词短语：can't help, can't stand, couldn't resist, give up, go on, keep on, put off, succeed in, insist on, yield to, confess to, be accustomed to, be(get) used to, oppose to, look forward to, devote...to..., object to, contribute to等。例如： I can't stand waiting any longer.我再也不能等下去了。 2．固定搭配 动名词还用在下列固定搭配中，如：be busy doing sth., be worth doing sth., burst out crying/laughing, have trouble/difficulty doing sth.(但注意区别to take trouble to do sth.), cannot help doing sth., have a time doing sth.(费很大力气做......但注意区别to have time to do sth.有时间做......), have a bad/hard time doing sth.(做......不愉快), have a good/pleasant time doing sth.(做......很愉快), spend/waste time(money) doing sth., be no/any/some use(good)doing sth.等。如： Alice was having trouble controlling the children because there were so many of them. 艾丽斯很难管住这些孩子，因为孩子太多了。 3．既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语 这些动词和动词短语有：attempt, begin, cease, continue, intend, prefer, propose, start, hate, like, dislike, love, go on, quit, endure, forget, remember, neglect, demand, need, require, want, try, mean, chance, regret, can't bear等。 其中有些词接两种结构，意义区别不大。但需注意，其他词接两种结构，意义就有差别。 1）hate, like, dislike, prefer, love接不定式通常指某一特定场合或一次的事，而接动名词通常指经常性的。如： I don't like to hear people talking like that.我不喜欢听人这么谈话。 I like traveling very much.我很喜欢旅行。 2）begin, cease, start接不定式通常指动作自动或突然开始或停止，而接动名词通常表示有意识地开始或停止某动作。如： Suddenly it began to rain.突然下起雨来。 He began talking about his plan for the summer holiday. 他开始讲述他的暑假计划。 3）need, require, deserve, demand和want后往往接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义；接不定式根据句子的需要，可以是主动形式也可以是被动形式。如： The tools need repairing.=The tools need to be repaired.这工具需要修理。 He needs to see the doctor.他需要看医生。 4）forget, remember, regret接不定式和动名词的意义不同。用不定式表示未做的事，用动名词表示已做过的事。如： John forgot to tell Mary about it.约翰忘了告诉玛丽那件事。 John forgot telling Mary about it.约翰忘记了告诉过玛丽那件事。 5）stop接动名词表示停止正在做的事，接不定式表示停下某事去做别的事。类似的还有go on, quit。试比较： I really must stop smoking.我一定得戒烟。 Every half hour I stop work to smoke a cigarette.我每半小时停下工作来抽支烟。 6）try, mean, chance后接不定式和动名词的意义也不一样。try接不定式表示&设法&，接动名词表示&试一试&；mean接不定式表示&企图，打算&，接动名词表示&意味着&；chance接不定式表示&碰巧&，接动名词表示&冒险试试&。如： Please try to understand.请设法弄懂。 Please try using another method.请试用另一种办法。
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动名词都可以做什么成分?加例句
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动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等.作主语　　Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术.　　Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣.　　Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事.　　动名词作主语,在动词的基础上加Ing,使该动词或动词短语,有名词的各种特征,可作名词灵活使用.如：　　It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收　　It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间.　　It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难.　　It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好.　　There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑.　　动名词作主语的几种类型　　动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分.在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论.　　动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：　　1. 直接位于句首做主语.例如：　　Swimming is a good sport in summer.　　2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语.　　动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后.例如：　　It is no use telling him not to worry.　　常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等.　　注意：important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构.　　3. 用于“There be”结构中.例如：　　There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来.　　4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中.例如：　　No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟）　　No parking. （禁止停车）　　5. 动名词的复合结构作主语　　当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语).动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语.例如：　　Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.　　6.例词　　shopping fishing cycling这些都是很常见的动名词　　　二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较　　动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语.在意义上相近.但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作.比较：　　Smoking is not good for health.　　It is not good for you to smoke so much.　　注意：　　1)在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见.　　2)在“It is no use...”,“It is no good...”,“It is fun...”,“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语：　　It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.　　*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.　　3)在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语：　　Does your saying that mean anything to him?　　*Does for you to say that mean anything to him?　　4)在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语：　　There is no telling what will happen.　　It is impossible to tell what will happen.　　5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一：　　Seeing is believing.　　*To see is to believe.作宾语　　（1）作动词的宾语　　某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式.常见的此类动词有：admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep,understand, keep on, mind, report,risk,miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can't help, feel like,be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to,escape 等.如：　　They went on walking and never stopped talking.　　他们继续走,说个不停.　　I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.　　在海滩上走真是乐事.　　Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.　　每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分.　　（2）作介词的宾语　　We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划.　　Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活?　　（3）作形容词的宾语　　The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍.　　We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备.作表语　　动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句.表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置.　　Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户.(Cleaning the windows is your task.)　　What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)作定语　　动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途.如：　　a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking　　a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing　　a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading　　a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring　　sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping
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