2012届高考英语定语从句语法专题教案
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2012届高考英语定语从句语法专题教案
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2012届高考英语定语从句语法专题教案
文章来源莲山 课件 w ww.5 YK J.COM 2012届高考英语定语从句语法专题教案2012年高三一轮复习金子般的学案语法部分：定语从句（新人教版）1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词称为先行词。3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系副词：where, when, why等。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。例如：Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read. (that I have read是定语从句；novel是先行词；that 是关系代词，代替先行词novel，在从句中作have read的宾语。)&&&&&&&& 关系词指代人或物以及在定语从句中充当的成分关系词&指代人或物&定语从句中充当的成分关系代词&that[ ]&人或物[ ]&主语、宾语、[ ][ ]表语或状语&which&物或主句内容&主语、宾语或定语&who&人&主语或宾语&whom&人&宾语&whose&人或物&定语&as&人或物或主句内容&主语或宾语关系副词&when&时间&状语&where&地点&状语&why&原因&状语
4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句&&&&&&&& 限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确，翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，通常翻译成主句的并列句。关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。His brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college. &&&&&&& 他那个现在是律师的哥哥总是鼓励他上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)&&&&&&&& His brother, who is now a lawyer, always encourages him to go to college. &&&&&&& 他的哥哥，现在是律师，总是鼓励他上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)一、关系代词的使用【例句观察】 &&&& ①She is the woman (whom / that / who)I wanted to see yesterday. &&&&& 她是我昨天想看的那个女的。&&&&& ②The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. &&&& 你扛着的包裹马上要拆开。③Obama won the Nobel Prize for Peace in the year 2009, which we hadn't expected. &&&&& Obama在2009年得诺贝尔和平奖是大家都没想到的。&&&&& ④Your parents are the ones to whom you can turn when you are in trouble. &&&&& 你父母是你困难时可以求助的人。【例句分析】 ①whom / that / who指人，在限制性定语从句中作wanted to see的宾语，可以省略。②which / that指物，在限制性定语从句中作are carrying的宾语，可以省略。③which指前面主句内容，在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，但不能省略。④whom前有介词to，虽然作宾语，但不能省略。【结论1】关系代词若在限制性定语从句中作宾语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略，其他情况不可省。【完成例句】(1)我，你的好朋友，当你陷入困境的时候会帮你的。&&&&& I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble. (2) 《哈利•波特》是最受青少年欢迎的畅销书之一。&&&& Harry Potter is& one of the best－sellers that are popular with teenagers. && 《哈利•波特》是唯一一本让作者成为亿万富翁的畅销书。Harry Potter is the only one of the best－sellers that makes the author a billionaire. (3)他通过了考试，这使我们很惊讶。&&&& He has passed the exam, which makes us surprised.&&&& 众所周知，中国发生了巨大的变化。&&&& Great changes have taken place in China,& as is known to all.(4)每家有台电视,30年前我们认为是不可能的，现在实现了。&&&& To own a TV set in each family, which we think was impossible 30 years ago, now has become true. 【结论2】定语从句中的主谓一致问题(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。(2) one of ＋ 复数名词＋ 关系代词＋ 复数动词；而the only one of ＋ 复数名词＋ 关系代词＋ 单数动词。(3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。(4)关系代词和谓语动词之间有插入语时，谓语动词单复数要看关系代词的指代。 【完成例句】 (5)所有能做的都做了。&All that can be done has been done. (6)这就是我想要买的电影。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. (7)他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。&The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. &(8)站在那儿的是谁？&Who is the man that is standing there?(9) They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.他们创立了一家环保公司。(10)杭州不再是过去的杭州了。&Hangzhou& is no more the city that it used to be.【结论3】指物时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用that的情况：①当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, the one, none, all, much, few, any, little等不定代词时，只用that。②当先行词被the only, the very, all, much, few, any, little, no修饰时，只用that。③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或者先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。先行词既有人又有物时，只用that。④当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，为避免重复要用that。⑤有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that。⑥当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，只用that。【完成例句】 (11)那棵四百年的老树很有名。The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (12)我们自给自足。We depend on the land& from which we get our food. (13)这本书是关于我们要去参观的那座有名的建筑吗？Is this the book that refers to the famous building which we will go to visit?【结论4】只能用 which的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。②介词后只用which，且不能省略。③有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用which。【完成例句】(14)有人愿意帮助受伤的人吗？Is there anyone who is ready to help the injured person?(15)这就是那位帮助在事故中受伤的人的医生吗？Is this the doctor that helped the people who were injured in the accident?【结论5】指人时，定语从句中的关系代词只能用who的情况：①当先行词是anyone, those时，只用who。 ②有两个定语从句皆指人时，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一个宜用who。【完成例句】 (16)那个门破了的教室在二楼。The classroom whose door / the door of which / of which the door is broken is on the second floor. 【结论6】whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语， 后跟名词。指物时，whose ＋ 名词＝ of which ＋名词 ＝ 名词＋ of which。【完成例句】(17)我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。① As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 太阳照射地球，这对我们是很重要的。②The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.(18)①她和她妹妹穿一样的衣服。She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. ②这不是我们想到的那所房子。This house is not such as I expect.(19)就像我们指出的那样，这种物质是有毒的。&As was pointed out, this kind of substance is poisonous. 【结论7】关系代词as和which &&&&&&& 在非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。二者的区别主要在于：&&&&&&& ①as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以在插入句中，常带有“正如……，正像……”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，翻译成“这”。②as常用于以下固定搭配中：the same＋名词＋as “和……同样的”，such＋名词＋as“像……一样的，像……之类的”，…such as…“这样的人 / 物”。(such为代词，作先行词； as在从句中作宾语)&&&&&&& ③在以下结构中，一般也用as: as (it)appears, as (it)seems, as (it)often happens, as (it)was pointed out / said / reported / announced, as (it)was said earlier, as I remember (it), as is well－known, as is known to all, as anybody can see等。【完成例句】(20)这就是我一直在找的书。This is the book which / that / 不填I am looking for. (21)他深爱对他慈爱的父母。He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. ＝He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him. (22)我没有足够的钱去买那条昂贵的裙子。&&&&&&& I don't have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress. (23)从1998年到2004年Mike在这所大学学习，在此期间，他学习很努力并当选为学生会主席。&&&&& Mike studied at the university from 1998 to 2004, during which time he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students' Union. 【结论8】“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which。&&&&&& ①某些带有介词的动词短语，介词可以提至关系代词之前，但是在一些固定搭配的短语动词中，由于动词和介词不可以分割，因此不能将介词置于关系代词之前，如take care of, look for, look after, care for等。&&&&& ②“介词＋关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词，有时数词或代词也可以放在“介词＋关系代词”之后。③介词＋which / whom＋to do结构。这种结构可以改为：介词＋which / whom＋定语从句。&&&&&&& ④在非限制性定语从句中，which可作定语，指先行词(短语或句子)所表示的信息，形成“介词＋which ＋名词”结构，相当于and in / at / during this / that＋名词。& 二、关系副词的使用【完成例句】 (24)我仍然记得我们第一次上学的那天。&&&&&&& I still remember the day& when /& on which we first came to the school. (25)十年前我住的房子已经被推倒了。&&&&&&& The house where / in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. (26)我不知道他今天看起来不高兴的原因。 &&&&&&& I don't know the reason& why / for which he looks unhappy today. 【结论1】关系副词的分类和作用①when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；when＝表示时间的介词(in / at / on / during…)＋which。 ②where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，where＝表示地点的介词(in / at / on / under…)＋which。③why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语， why＝表示原因的介词(for)＋which。【翻译句子】(27)他回答这个问题的方式是令人惊讶的。The way& in which / that& / 不填he answered the question was surprising. (28) The way& which / that he explained to us was quite simple. 【结论2】在以the way为先行词的定语从句中，若the way 在从句中充当状语，则通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。若the way 在从句中充当宾语，则通常由which或that引导。【完成例句】 (29)中国是风筝的起源地，并从那里传播到日本、韩国、泰国和印度。&&&&&&& China is the birth place of kites, from where kites spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 【结论3】有时为了表达更清楚，可以在关系副词where / when前加上介词to, from等。【疑难】&&&&&&& There is one point that we must insist on. &&&&&& 有一个观点我们必须坚持。(定语从句可还原为：we must insist on the point，所以先行词point在定语从句中作宾语，故用that / which或省略。)&&&&&&& We're just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. &&&&&&& 我们正努力做到能让双方坐下来对话。 (定语从句可还原为：at the point both sides will sit down together and talk, 故先行词point在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词用where / at which。)【疑难剖析】一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity，scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语用that / which，作状语用where / when / 介词＋which。三、关系代 / 副词的选择技巧【完成例句】 (30)我会记住我们一起度过的日子。&&&&&&& I will remember the days that& / which& / 省略 we spent together. &&&&&&& (根据把定语从句还原成we spent the days together，判断出the days作spent的宾语)(31) 6月7日是我们开始高考的日子。&&&&&& June 7 is the day when / on which we begin to take the college entrance examination. (根据把定语从句还原成we begin to take the college entrance examination on the day，判断出on the day作状语。)(32 )这是他工作过10年的地方。&&&&&&& This is the place where / in which he worked for ten years. &&&&&&& (根据把定语从句还原成he worked in the place for ten years，判断出in the place作状语。)【结论】&&&&&&& ①用还原法：将先行词放入定语从句中，找到它的原有位置，判断它做什么成分以及判断先行词指人还是指物。&&&&&&& ②一般说来，作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词；作状语时，用关系副词或介词＋which；作定语时，用whose。四、定语从句和其他句型之间的关系【例句观察】He is such a good boy that everyone likes him. (不缺句子成分，that引导结果状语从句)他是如此好的一位男孩以至于大家都喜欢他。He is such a good boy as everyone likes. (likes缺宾语，用as充当并引导定语从句)他是一个大家都喜欢的男孩。The great white shark is so fierce a fish as eats most of the others. (as充当eats的主语，并引导定语从句)大白鲨是大多数鱼都吃的一种凶狠的鱼。【结论】区别such / so…as…引导的定语从句和such / so…that…引导的结果状语从句判断用that还是as, 只要看从句的结构是否完整即可。如果从句缺了主语或宾语就是定语从句；如果从句的结构完整，就是结果状语从句。 【疑难1】区别非限制性定语从句与并列句 &― He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ were popular. &― It's the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of ______ was a success. &&&&&&&& A. them&&&&&&& B. which&&&&&&&& C. which　& D. them【疑难剖析1】此题应选 D。很容易误选A、B。选对该题的关键是：要注意前面一句的 none of…没有并列连词(说明它才是非限制性定语从句，所以其后填which)，而后面一句的none of…前有一并列连词but (说明它与前面一句构成并列句，所以其后填them)。【疑难2】区别定语从句与名词性从句①As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth. ②It is known to all that the moon travels around the earth. ③That the moon travels around the earth is known to all. ④What is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth. 【疑难剖析2】①as引导非限制性定语从句；②it作形式主语，that引导主语从句； ③that引导主语从句；④what引导主语从句， that引导表语从句。【疑难3】区别定语从句与地点状语从句①When you read the book, you'd better make a mark in the place where you have any questions. ②When you read the book, you'd better make a mark where you have any questions. ③Please put the book in the place where you got it. ④Please put the book where you got it. 【疑难剖析3】①定语从句修饰 ②地点状语从句；③定语从句修饰place；④地点状语从句。【疑难4】区别定语从句与强调句、状语从句①It was this small village (that / which) we got to know each other. ②It was in this small village that we got to know each other. ③It was 1914 when the war broke out. ④It was in 1914 that the war broke out. ⑤It was 1914, when the war broke out. 【疑难剖析4】①定语从句；②强调句；③时间状语从句；④强调句；⑤非限制性定语从句。【疑难5】定语从句中含有插入语①He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science. ②The Chinese government has decided to develop the west of China, which, I dare say, will benefit the people there, especially those who are still leading a poor life. 【疑难剖析5】①I think作插入语；②I dare say作插入语。文章来源莲山 课件 w ww.5 YK J.COM
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关系词，在定语从句中，做表语的时候，可以省略，请说明一下，并且分析一下谢谢！
提问者采纳
表语时，可以省去关系词，可以省去。只有关系词在定语从句中作宾语时？好像正规的英语里不可以
但是这个教材上是这样说的，关系词在从句中省略的情况:第一种，关系词作宾语前无介词时，第二种，关系词作表语时也可省略，请分析一下第二种，谢谢！
还在线吗？帮忙再分析一下谢谢！
还在线吗？在帮忙一下谢谢！
关系代词一定是be动词的表语，而且先行词一定是特指，换句话说前面有定冠词或者物主代词时，可以省去，但不是非省不可。如：He doesn't seem to be the man ( that) he was ten years ago. 这里的先行词man前面有the，而man在后面定从中作was（be）的表语。
请再总结一下,用了哪一条语法规则，谢谢！
感谢网友们的采纳。
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太给力了，你的回答完美地解决了我的问题，非常感谢！
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