chris fighting.这句英文把他翻译成chris中文意思

我们一路奋战,不是为了改变世界,而是为了不让世界改变我们.这句话用英文怎么讲?尽量准确地翻译~
We keep fighting, not to change the world, but so that the world does not change us.
为您推荐:
其他类似问题
we fight bravely all way,not to change world,but to the world can't change our
We fight all the time, not to change the world, but in order not to let the world change us
扫描下载二维码中级口译翻译篇 – 【人人分享
中级口译翻译篇 – 【人人分享
中级口译翻译篇
中级口译翻译篇讲课的主要内容分为两部分,第一部分是翻译的基本理论问题,第二部分是常见的翻译技巧。第一章 翻译基本理论一、翻译的特点学习英语的四项基本技能可以分为输入(听、读)和输出(说、写)两组(一)输入方面的三类错误:语言类错误、文化类错误、政治类错误三类错误的重要性递增、出现频率递减1、政治类错误: Imperial army, 翻译为“日本帝国主义军队”切勿翻译“皇军”中国大陆&&可翻译为“Chinese Mainland 或 Mainland China”&&后一种说法有争议2、文化类错误:Public school, 私立学校(英) 公立学校(美)英国红学专家把“怡红公子”翻译成green boy. 红色在英国含有“暴力、血腥”之意,而绿色表示没有经验The red flags are up. 危险已经出现Red Army 有恐怖组织之嫌Can you see any green in my eyes? 你以为我好欺负吗?你以为我没有经验吗?green-eyed monster&&嫉妒3、语言类错误: (1)句子结构My Minnesota hometown is a farming community of eight thousand people, tucked into the northwest corner of the state. Not a lot that is extraordinary passes through.我的家乡偏处明尼苏达州西北一角,共有八千多人,全部从事农业,路经此地者鲜有卓尔不群之人。(2)单词The 1994 Miami Summit of the Americas initiated the process of setting up a free trade area agreement.1994年南北美洲的迈阿密峰会启动了建立自由贸易区协议这一进程。(3)标点问题… choose a gen and for your own, let her be an active, useful sort of person, not brought up high, but able to make a small income go a good way.为了我的缘故,挑选一个淑女,当然也为了你自己。人要活泼能干,出身不必高贵,但要会理家,能靠一笔小小的收入把家里安排得妥妥贴贴。(Х)没有注意“;”为了我,选个有身份的女人;为了你自己,选个能干管用的人,不求出身高贵,但是要会细水长流的过日子。(√)小结:必须注意语言类错误中的句子结构问题(二)输出方面的问题:1、不够地道Meet the Most Important Living Person摘自《人人都能成功》一书,该书中文译者翻译为“会见最重要的活人”技巧:(1)词性转换:会见当今世上最重要的人& &&&(2)删除:会见最重要的人2、缺少文采In the savage fighting, Germany itself was laid waste, the towns and countryside were devastated and ravished, the people decimated. 在这次野蛮的战争中,德国全境一片荒芜,城乡处处残垣断壁,惨遭蹂躏,生灵涂炭,十室九空。小知识:decimated的来源:古罗马士兵兵变被抓后,每十人杀一人。 词根deci表示与“十”有关的,如:decimeter, decibel, decimal (point, system), decade值得注意的是December在古罗马历法中表示十月,古罗马历法只有十个月,March表示一月, October表示八月,来源于octopus(章鱼)一词。古罗马历法只规定了10个月,其余的时间用于观看“角斗”,角斗士的命运取决于观众。观众大拇指向上,表示生存;大拇指向下,表示投入野兽笼。所以引申出 thumb up(支持), thumb down(反对)。二、做好翻译的基本条件扎实的英语功底扎实的汉语功底富贵不能淫:富(money, wealth)贵(rank,high position) 淫(corrupt) There are more than 700 murders a year in cities like New York, Detroit, Los Angeles and Houston, and most of the deaths are of blacks killed by blacks.在纽约、底特律、洛杉矶和休斯敦,一年约有700多起谋杀,大多数受害者都是黑人自相残杀。百科全书式的知识In the race Buddha is in the red corner and Aristotle is in the blue corner.在这场竞赛中,东方文化和西方文化针锋相对、不相上下。小知识:New York:新约克(英)新阿姆斯特丹(荷)& && &&&Wall Street:华尔街 荷兰为了防御印第安人而修建的墙第二章 常见的翻译技巧一、词义的多样性表达1、一个单词多种表达a thank-you letter 感谢信& & & & a letter of recommendation 推荐信& & & & a love letter 情书a suicide letter 绝命书a “Dear John” letter 绝交信(女孩子给男孩子) & & & & letter of condolence 唁函letter of confirmation 确认信2、多个词表达一个意思,如表达“死”to go west 归西&&to pass away 谢世(常用)to die a martyr 牺牲&&to rest in peace 安息to end one’s days 寿终正寝&&to commit suicide 自杀to kick the bucket&&民间说法:蹬腿&&to abandon the world&&撒手人寰to pay the debt of nature&&了结尘缘&&to come to a violent death&&暴毙to depart to the world of shadows&&命赴黄泉&&to release the souls from suffering&&超度、解脱to return to dust&&入土除此之外,还有多个词翻译成一个意思(主要指英译汉),不再具体讲。3、几个单词return to dust: 与基督教文化有关fig leaf:遮羞布Adam’s apple:男性的喉结You came from dust and to dust you shall return. 来自尘土、归于尘土。original sin:原罪suicide:自杀,cide表示“杀”, 如:insecticide&&杀虫剂, pesticide&&杀虫剂, herbicide&&初草剂, genocide&&种族屠杀, homicide&&杀人, matricide&&弑母, patricide&&弑父 , regal君王 君主 , regicide 弑君commit no nuisance 请勿在此大小便restroom&&厕所faculty lounge 教室休息室bathroom commode 厕所(委婉的表达厕所之意)Baptist Church&&洗礼会教堂二、增减词增词:原文意思在,表达不清楚,英文中如果不增词,就表达不够完整减词:原文中表达意思的词在,如果汉语中不把词减去的话,显得累赘如色狼:wolf 不能说color wolf(一)添词例子: 确保正确,不是100%必须&&添加解释说明性文字,添加必须性文字(重点)。1、Mr. Edwards and Mr. Cheney offered a striking contrast in appearance as they sat side by side, with Mr. Cheney looking his 63 years and Mr. Edwards looking less than his 51.来自《纽约时报》:爱得华兹先生与切尼先生并排就座时,外表殊为不同,切尼先生看上去与实际年龄63岁相仿,而爱得华兹先生看上去比实际年龄51岁年轻。2、This great scientist was born in New England.这位伟大的科学家出生于美国东北部的新英格兰。3、Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for me, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers.” (high priest)& & were to表示将来;Aaron是摩西的兄弟正是这几句话,日后让整个世界在我面前如花展开,就像《圣经》中所说的“亚伦的杖开了花”。(来自美国的海伦凯勒)4、三个臭皮匠,抵个诸葛亮Two heads are better than one.The wit of three cobblers surpasses that of Zhuge Liang, the master mind. (civic pride)5、班门弄斧t to teach the old granny to suck eggsto show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter 阴: negative aspect of things(二)减词例子: & && && &&&减去解释说明性文字& && && &&&减去原文有、不减难受的词,减去必须性,必须减。1、According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years).英国电信的未来学家Ian Pearson认为,这些成就预计将出现在新千年头几十年之中。2、We take this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make prompt shipment of the merchandise.告诉你们,可以立即装船。3、大会准备工作正在紧张有序地进行。The preparations for the conference are underway in a busy but ordering manner.4、失业问题一直是我们工作的中心。The (issue of) unemployment has always been the centre/focus of our work.三、汉语四字格的使用& &只针对英译汉Even the most beautiful became bent and toothless, their dark clothes smelling, as the mamma’s did, of smoke and manure.即使绝色佳人也会弯腰驼背 、皓齿尽落,一身皂衣,如同奶妈的衣服一样,全是烟味,臭气熏人。&&On this battle rests the fate of our nation. Let every man do his utmost.民族命运决于此役,凡我士兵必须奋力抗敌。Drew Pearson, a thirty-four-year-old reporter, described them as “ragged, weary, and apathetic,” with “no hope on their faces.”Drew Pearson,一位34岁的记者,表述他们时说,他们衣衫褴缕,疲惫不堪、冷漠无情,一脸绝望。To Henry Kissinger, for whose wise counsel and dedicated services far beyond the call of duty I shall always remain grateful.致Henry Kissinger,精于良言、鞠躬尽瘁、逾于所司,永至不忘。a world of difference, take a risk in desperation, await with great anxiety, decline with all sorts of excuses天壤之别、铤而走险(孤注一掷)、翘首以待(望穿秋水)、百般推辞四、词性的转换(一)& &一般情况下:汉语动词用的多,英语名词用的多,汉译英,动词转名词;英译汉,名词转动词绝对不允许违反这个原则。Violation of the principle should never be allowed/tolerated.坚持一个中国的原则是实现和平统一的基础与前提。Adherence to the “One-China” policy should serve as the basis and prerequisite for peaceful reunification. Everyone was away on holiday.每个人都出去度假。He came to my home for help.他到我家来请求帮助。I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.我非常感谢我的父亲,因为在我还是小孩子的时候,他就不停的鼓励我。(二)单词介绍:apathetic describe1、“a”表示“无”如:: atheist 无神论者, amoral/immoral 无关道德的/没有道德的, atypical pneumonia 非典, SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome, 严重的呼吸道传染综合症2、“path”表示情感: sympathy 同情, antipathy 反感, empathy 可以将心比心的理解他人, pathology, 病理学3、“scribe”表示写: prescribe 开处方, script 文字资料、脚本, scripture 宗教经典, scribble 乱涂乱划, postscript 附言(商业信函中禁用), inscribe 刻, inscription 碑铭, subscribe 订阅, manuscript 手稿, 五、表达法的正反转换& & 原文肯定,翻译后为“不+否定”,有意想不到的效果,如:语气缓和或汉语中没有此种表达方法Wet paint. 油漆未干Keep upright. (Handle with care.) 切勿倒置(小心轻放)Admission by invitation only. 非请莫入If it rains in Cleveland today, volunteers will stand in lines with umbrellas to keep voters dry.如果今天克里弗兰下雨,志愿者将打着伞排着队,以免选民淋湿。If any mater should be added after this contract comes into force, then such a matter shall be agreed upon by both sides through friendly consultations and confirmed by means of exchanging official documents.本合同生效后如有未尽事宜,须经双方友好协商同意,并交换正式文本以确认注意:表达法的正反转换要根据具体情况,主要出于两点:1、 表达习惯;2、语气的缓和与加强六、直译与意译尽量用直译;两种情况下不能用直译:1、比喻在一种语言中可以接受,而在另一种语言中不能接受& && && && && && && & 2、特别具有丰富文化内涵的词第一种情况的例子1、drink like a fish形容一个人喝水又多又急,中文形容“牛饮”2、turn swords into ploughs 化干戈为玉帛3、pull the chestnut out of the fire&&火中取栗4、天下没有不散的筵席No feast lasts forever.The best of friends must part.五十步笑百步The pot calls the kettle black.The soldier who retreated fifty paces laughed at the one who had fallen back a hundred paces.第二种情况的例子1、You are a clever dog. 你真聪明(狗在汉语中有贬义)2、Every dog has his day. 三十年河东、三十年河西;凡人皆有得意时3、In a word, those nonverbal messages speak to hearts, not heads.总而言之,这些非语言信息是诉之于情感、而非理智。(背景:美国总统大选时对着装等的评价)七、句子的分与合(一)合句例子: 1、深圳机场为了方便旅客,设置了四间更衣室。室内设备齐全。For the convenience of the passengers, Shenzhen Airport has set aside four well-equipped changing rooms.&&locker room(衣帽间).2、卢嘉川挨近她,情不自禁地握住了她的手。这女孩的热情、大胆和奔向革命的赤诚深深感动了他。Lu Jiachuan, deeply moved by the girl’s passion, bravery/courage and revolutionary spirit, came up to her and couldn’t help/resist taking her hands.3、道静气得浑身发抖。她二话没说,立刻向经理辞了职。Trembling/quivering with anger, Daojing gave the manager immediate notice without saying anything. (注意:gave notice表示辞职,预留准备时间,gave a week’s notice)(二)分句例子: 1、本科生分为四年制和五年制两种,学生毕业考试及格并且通过论文后,即可获得学士学位。The undergraduate program is either four years or five years. After passing the graduation examinations and defending successfully their graduation theses, the students will be conferred a bachelor’s degree. (conferred表示授予,汉语常用获得)注意:Bachelor’s degree 学士学位& && &BA(Bachelor of Arts) 文科学士& && &BS (Bachelor of Sciences) 理科学士& && &Master ’s degree 硕士学位& && &Doctor’s degree&&博士学位& && &Associate Bachelor’s degree& & 专科学位& && &Assistant professor&&助理教授,不是助教之意& && &Teaching assistant&&助教2、深圳作为全国最早的特区,与内地经济往来极为密切,特别是在香港回归祖国以后,人员往来大为增加,深圳机场是全国十大机场之一。As the Nation’s/China’s first SEZ, Shenzhen has established very close economic ties with the Nation’s inner parts. Especially after Hong Kong was returned to the motherland, the number of people arriving at and leaving Shenzhen has increased greatly. Shenzhen Airport is one of ten largest airports of the nation.注意:1、“全国十大机场之一”可以翻成 is nation’s Top Ten airports.& && &2、“人员往来大为增加” 可以翻成 human exchange between Shenzhen and the inner parts of Nation, 但与前面有重复八、成语的翻译& &首先要弄懂中文意思,其次追求完美套译汉语中的成语,英语中有一个意思非常接近成语,直接套用call a spade a spade 实话实说;实事求是reap what one has sown 种瓜得瓜/作茧自缚(区别褒、贬义和感情色彩)kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵/涸泽而渔castle in the air 海市蜃楼/空中楼阁过河拆桥kick down the ladder格格不入 like a square peg in a round hole(二)直译在成语所包含的比喻和语言内涵被另一种文化完全接受的情况下,可以直译。Trojan horse&&特洛伊木马 表示从内部起爆sour grapes& &酸葡萄 表示得不到东西的心理Sphinx’s riddle&&斯芬克斯之谜,表示难解之谜a Judas kiss&&犹大之吻,表示叛变、背叛(三)直译套译均可鉴于有些成语有对应的,但有些人喜欢把意思直接译出来to kill two birds with one stone 一石两鸟/一箭双雕crocodile tears鳄鱼之泪/黄鼠狼给鸡拜年声东击西 to shout in the east and strike in the west/to look one way and row another掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm/ the apple of one’s eye对牛弹琴 play a lute to the cow/ cast the pearls before swine(四)意译有些比喻和文化内涵不能另一种语言作接受in a pig’s whisper 低声的make a monkey of somebody 嘲弄某人the skeleton at the feast令人扫兴的人a family skeleton 家丑叶公好龙 professed love of what one really fears毛遂自荐 volunteer one’s service初出茅庐 at the start of one’s career(五)特别容易弄错的成语pull somebody’s leg&&嘲弄某人eat one’s words&&认错,特别承认自己说错话dog-eat-dog&&残酷的,特别表示竞争in the seventh heaven 极为开心背景知识: 1、上帝并非只有耶稣基督一个儿子,二儿子是洪秀全2、耶稣基督的出生是因为上帝需要以他的死赎去全人类的原罪耶稣基督是处女生的,第一个血液纯洁的人(英文名麦当娜表示纯洁)3、苏菲的世界,Sophia表示知识,philosophy表示“爱知识”4、goose flesh 鸡皮疙瘩& &goose step&&正步& &goose berry&&电灯泡(情侣幽会时的第三者)
九、英语从句的汉译与句序的调整英语翻译第一步要保证大的结构调整好,句序结构是基础。1、状语从句调整:挑出主干部分(1)、澳门,南海之滨一颗闪耀的明珠,以她的风采、沧桑和辉煌,更以日这个不同寻常的日子,吸引着全世界的目光。A shining pearl on the coast of South China, Macao attracts the world’s attention for her charm, history of great events and glory, especially for the unusual date of December 20, 1999.South China Sea 表示中国南海,不是“南中国海”East China Sea 东海(2)、This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.(横线表示状语)通过支持某些与当前目标无关、但是在将来可能很重要的研究,一般情况下似乎可以有效的做到这一点。immediate与in the future相对,表示当前of possible=possiblymostly表示在一般情况下(3)、For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. (横线表示状语)例如,他们不能弥补明显的社会不公,因此也就不能说明,如果一个贫穷的年轻人在更为有利的环境下成长的话,他可能会有多大才干。说明:1、underprivileged字面意思表示特权不足的(委婉语),翻译时an underprivileged youngster与he位置调换,英语提到人名出现在句子主干中,而汉语则出现在第一次提到的地方。2、“ster”加在单词后面表示什么样的人,如:gang表示帮派,gangster表示匪帮;spin表示旋转,spinster表示老处女。3、gross形容不好的意思,表示昭然若揭,非常明显的小贴士:1、翻译时遇到不认识的词,怎么办?& && &&&从词性上说,只有名词、动词、形容词、副词四类不认识& && &&&形容词、副词不认识,建议省略,错译原比漏译扎眼& && &&&名词、动词不认识,则难以处理& && &&&2、关于单词的见解& && &&&单词主要记general word,中高级口译不会考过于专业的东西,主要考常识性内容,不建议背专项单词。推荐用书《time 单挑》,刘毅《单词5000》,《上海新东方学校中高级口译词汇必备》、《上海新东方学校中高级口译笔试备考精要》& && &&&3、记忆单词分长期记忆和短期记忆& && &&&通过记词根和大量阅读,能够帮助大家长期记忆2、定语从句调整英译汉时,定语无非前置和后置,变成形容词性词或单成一句。(1)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 两个从句:which和that引导译文:社会科学是知识探索一个分支,它力求用理智的、有序的、系统的、冷静的方法研究人类和他们的种种行为,这种方式正是自然科学家用来研究自然现象的。说明:1、译文中“正是”一词来源于“the same”& && &2、reason作为动词,表示推理(2) “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”两个定语从句:as we call it& &放在先行词the scientific revolution之前翻译& && && && &&&that expanded……&&分译contends:如果不认识,可以翻译成“说”,因为前后都有引号译文:新学派的一位领导人认为:“简而言之,我们所谓的科技革命,在很大程度上是指一系列工具的改进、发明和使用,这些改进、发明和使用在各个方面都拓展了科学范围”。“名词+介词+名词+定语从句”:定语从句99%用来修饰第一个名词”注意:1、定语从句的翻译方法(1)合译:把定语从句放到被修饰词之前(2)分译:定语从句单成一句,先行词重复一下& & 2、定语从句先行词判断方法(并非100%适用)& &(1)、He opposed some proposals for opening the economy, like starting a stock market, that were embraced only after he lost power.先找名词,再根据定语从句的谓语动词的单复数判断先行词的单复数,则先行词为“proposals”译文:他反对某些开放经济的提议,如创建股票市场,这些提议只有在他下台之后,才被人们所接受。(2)、It assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.根据定语从句谓语动词单复数,易于判断which引导的从句用语修饰account,此处account表示讲述、评论。译文:他假定人们对人权有一个统一的看法,而这种看法根本就不存在。(3)、这所大学的任务是培养德智体全面发展,能熟练运用外语从事外事和文化交流工作的合格人才。翻译时先找主干:这所大学的任务是培养人才(The university aims to turn out qualified graduates )。译文:The university aims to turn out qualified graduates that are all-roundly/well developed in morality, intellect and physique, and that are able to use proficiently foreign languages in foreign affairs and cultural exchanges.翻译词要根据具体情况,如“文明”一词,文明小区“model”;讲文明“politesse, manners”;(4)汉语中的题型“……是……”两种方法:“……,which……”或“it is……”谋求和平与发展、加强对话与合作,是各国人民的普遍愿望。It is the universal wish of all the nations to achieve peace and development and strengthen dialogues and cooperations.巩固与东盟面向和平与繁荣的战略伙伴关系,推进互利互惠的全方位合作,是中国将长期坚持的基本外交政策。China shall consolidate its strategic partnership with the ASEAN in the direction of peace and prosperity, and promote mutually benefiting cooperation in an all-round manner, which is China’s long-term and basic foreign policy.第三章 真题点评一、2000年3月份真题(一)英译汉――重点句型1、An organization that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive.先挑主干翻译思路:遇到A和B比较,同时A和B都有很长的修饰成分,可以考虑先将A及其定语翻译成一个句子,把B及其定语也翻译成一个句子,然后A和B再进行比较。单词讲解:organization最好翻译成“单位”,根据前后文翻译成:公司、组织2、It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information.“It is easy to understand”翻译成“不难理解”(正反表达方法的应用)(二)汉译英1、我们希望各国人民都生活在没有战争和暴力的世界里,希望各国人民都能享有不被人压迫、歧视和欺凌的自由。翻译思路:先挑主干、定语后置小贴士:谈恋爱时常说:“你真讨厌”――“you are so sickening” 注意-ing与-ed的区别& && &&&停水后,“水来了”――“the water’s supply is available/on again”& && &承诺放弃使用武力:renounce the use of force &&统一:此处一定要翻译为:reunification词根:uni表示“一”: uniform, universal, unison, unicyclemono表示“一”: monarch, monotony, monotonous, monopoly, monocyclesolo表示“一”: sole, solitary, bi表示“二”: bicycle, binary, binocular, bifocal glasses, biped, bilateralped表示“脚”:pedal, pedestrian, pedestal,di表示“二”: divorce, divide, different, dichotomy, dioxide, diverge, dialoguetri表示“三”: triangle, trio, triple, tripod三、2001年3月份真题(一)英译汉aggressive:在此处不是贬义词,注意感情色彩& && && &&&可以翻译为“来势凶猛的、积极进取的、咄咄逼人”(二)汉译英1、据调查,我国有40%的青少年除了课本外不看其他书籍。“据调查”:……have/has it 结构“除了课本外”:考虑用other than2、不过尽管怀疑,事实却是,越来越多的年轻人在业余时间已不再读书,而是看电视、跳舞、打电子游戏机,或者“侃大山”。“越来越多的年轻人”:more and more/increasing number of young people“而是”:instead“侃大山”:simply chat3、尽管现代传媒(如电视、计算机)在信息的传播速度上有许多优势,但到目前为止,还没有哪一种在传播知识的深度方面能取代书籍。“在信息的传播速度上”是状语,后置注意:翻译时不要用重复的词,如:“在……方面、在……上”翻译成in terms of 或 when it comes to“传播(知识)“翻译成spread 或flow 、dissemination或circulation(传播有形的东西)四、2001年9月份真题(一)、汉译英1、本届会议将围绕“新世纪、新挑战:参与、合作、促进共同繁荣”的主题,审议5个方面的议题,以期促进亚太地区和全球经贸的发展。“围绕”:center around“主题”:theme“审议”:review& & 如果单词想不起来,可以直接译为discuss“议题”:issue“以期……”:in hope of/in the hope that& &“促进”:promote“亚太地区”:Asian Pacific Region“全球”:the rest of the world或者beyond2、今年的APEC会议将主要侧重两个方面:一是加强APEC成员之间的合作,共同应对可能出现的经济衰退,重树信心;二是继续推进APEC贸易投资自由化进程,推动WTO尽早开始新一轮谈判。“可能出现的经济衰退”:a possible economic slowdown“重树信心”:rebuilt confidence“侧重”: pay special attention to或lay emphasis on“加强”: strengthen“贸易投资自由化进程”:process of free trade and investment“新一轮谈判”:a new round of negotiations/talks“启动”:initiate五、2002年3月份真题(一)英译汉背景知识:美国基金会于20世纪早期产生,产生原因如下(1)经济发达,富裕(2)信仰(3)税收制度――遗产税注:世界基金会排名首位:比尔盖茨及夫人创建,150亿美元1、Foundations are tax- free institutions that are created to give grants to both individuals and nonprofit&&organizations for activities that range from education, research, and the arts to support for the poor and the upkeep of exotic gardens and old mansions.(1)包含两个定语从句,分别修饰institutions和activities(2)that are created to遇见“被动”转化为“主动”(3)support for中support为名词(1)Think tanks智囊团6、Supported by foundation grants and government contracts, they are a major source of the new ideas that are discussed in the policy- formation groups.(1)they指代“专家”注意:“政府协议”指为科研人员、科研机构提供经费的协议(二)汉译英1、家长会完全符合“廉政建设”的要求,与会的家长绝不会像参加行业、单位的一些会议,先看看会议地点是不是设在风景旅游区,会后发不发纪念品之类,然后方决定是否参加。(1)断句,分成两句翻译(2)“廉政建设”:building an honest and clean government如果不会翻译,可以考虑正反翻译法(3)“完全符合”in line with(4)“家长会”the parents’ meeting& &&&PTA:Parent-Teacher Association(5)第二句翻译时注意句序调整:“与会的家长在决定是否参加之前,……”(6)纪念品:gifts(7)行业:industry2、其他会议都难得准时,惟有家长会绝对正点召开。(1)“准时”与“正点”意思相近,翻译时不要重复,如:on time;punctual,翻译时,可以考虑正反翻译法,入:never delay3、在家长会上,家长们个个全神贯注地倾听、记录,生怕漏掉一点内容。(1)记录:take notes(2)全神贯注地: attentively(3)for fear that 生怕(4)漏掉:miss4、不少会议都可列入可开可不开之列,但对于学校和家长而言,家长会则是必不可少的。(1)必不可少:necessary或 indispensable注意:(1)句子结构调整& &&&(2)正反翻译转化六、2002年9月份真题(1)Identification cards:内涵上身份证并不等同与任何可以表明你身份的证件,在美国有两个:passport 和 driver license(二)汉译英1、这一目标的实现,最直接的应该是老百姓住得更宽敞、更舒适了。(1)严格意义上说病句,应在“最直接的”后+“体现”“体现”:reflect;show(2)实现:achievement(3)老百姓:the public2、届时,上海人均住房面积将会大幅增加。除此之外,老百姓的服务性消费,如教育、信息、旅游等消费也会大量增长。(1)大幅、大量:greatly; by a large margin& &&&增加、增长:increase,grow,go up七、2003年3月份真题(一)英译汉1、The inevitable collapse of America’s speculative boom would not have been especially damaging if the world’s other advanced economies were healthy.(1) The inevitable collapse of America’s speculative boom是主语,单独成一句2、Deflation could emerge from simultaneous slumps in the world’s three major economies.(1)条件状语从句: (2)词性转化:slumps转化为动词,“如果世界上三大经济体同时出现衰退,就……”3、Price drop because there’s too little global demand chasing too much global supply-everything from steel to shoes.(1)词性转化:global转化为副词,“价格之所以下降是因为全球范围内需求太少,供给太多……”(2)everything from steel to shoes:从钢铁到鞋子莫不如此(二)汉译英1、中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的大市场。(1)发展;evolve, grow, develop(2)全球:global2、西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁,促进中国和世界经济共同发展,共同繁荣。(1)一定能成为:evolve into或grow into(2)世界各国和中国:China and the rest of the world八、2003年9月份真题(一)英译汉1、The professor’s project budget is the initial economic base that supports his independence within the university.(1)教授的课题预算是其在高校里赖以保持独立的首要经济基础。2、The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of university, which takes a percentage “overhead” out of every project budget.(1)课题预算使得研究生得以存在,并且解决了高校的资金偿还能力,因为高校从每项课题预算中抽取一定百分比的经费。3、The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s in dependence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.(1)钱都是以合同为基础,investigator就是professor的变体(2)secure是动词(3)课题经费不管来自政府还是商界,其特征都是以合同为基础,每项课题都有不同的协议,因此教授的独立性就取决于他是否有能力获得 一系列的协议。(二)汉译英1、经过20多年的快速发展,中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质基础,社会保持稳定,市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善,为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。(1)20多年:twentyoddr years(2)经过:following, after, in a wake of(3)奠定:establish(4)社会保持稳定:maintained the social stability& &&&市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善: gradual establishment and improvement of the market economic system九、2004年3月份真题(一)英译汉1、Today, dozens of colleges and universities are abandoning the Department of Education’s direct-loan plan, lured by the promise of a quick buck from banks, state lending agencies, and most significantly ,Sallie Mae, the giant private lender based in Reston, Virginia.(1)lured by……是定语从句,修饰dozens of colleges and universities,建议“the promise of a quick buck from banks, state lending agencies, and most significantly ,Sallie Mae, the giant private lender based in Reston, Virginia”单独成一句,后加“受此诱惑”,再翻译主句。(2)Virginia:英国最早殖民地,纪念1603年去世的伊丽莎白一世(二)汉译英1、在对外关系中,我们一贯主张以邻为伴、与人为善,同各国发展友好合作关系。(1)邻、人:neighbor country(2)主张:in favor of(3)Relations:表示友谊、敌意的关系& &&&Relationship:表示固有的,对双方关系的界定2、中国现在是、今后相当长时间内仍将是一个发展中国家。(1)今后相当长时间:for long time to come 或far into the future 3、中国有13亿人口,这是最大的国情。(1)“这是……”which is4、中国国内生产总值已居全球第六位,但人均水平却排在138位。(1)居、排:rank,避免重复,“居”翻译为earn5、我们还面临不容忽视的失业、贫穷和发展不平衡等问题。(1)问题:issue;失业:unemployment,贫困:poverty 发展不平衡:unbalanced development(2)不容忽视: deny ignorance
发表评论:
TA的最新馆藏[转]&[转]&[转]&[转]&[转]&}

我要回帖

更多关于 chris的中文意思 的文章

更多推荐

版权声明:文章内容来源于网络,版权归原作者所有,如有侵权请点击这里与我们联系,我们将及时删除。

点击添加站长微信