基本定义/现在完成时
定义现在完成时现在完成时（Presentperfect）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：1、表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：manytimes，just，yet，ever，never，already，before，sofar,bynow等连用。2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：since+时间点/从句，fortwomonths,sofar等。句型构成基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p）现在完成时用法现在完成时用法①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）.②否定句：主语+havenot/hasnot+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语.③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）?④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）用法要点现在完成时1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间状语连用，（如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon）等，除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如already（肯定句中），yet（否定，疑问，句末），just,before,recently,still,lately,never等：Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.他已经获得了一份奖学金。Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).我已经很久没有看到他（最近的）。Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.我们以前已经看过那部电影了。Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?他们找到失踪的孩子了吗？3.现在完成时态经常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等：HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?你以前去过北京吗？IhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.我从来没有听到Bunny说她的坏话。Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.这支钢笔我只用过三次。它仍然是好的。Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.乔治已经在好几个场合见过那个先生几次。4.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用如now,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,thismorning/week/month/year,just,today,uptopresent,sofar等：Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.彼得写了六篇论文，到目前为止。Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.人们现在已经学会了从原子核中释放能量。TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.今年以来旧金山雨水太多。Thefriendlyrelationsandcooperationbetweenourtwocountrieshavebeenenhancedinthepastfewyears.我们两国之间的友好合作关系在近几年得到了提高。Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.到现在为止一切都是成功的。5.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.6.现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束。例如：Hehasturnedthelightoff.他已把灯关了。现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（如：already，yet，before，recently等）、频度时间状语（如：never，ever等）、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语（如：thismorning/month/year...，today等）连用。例如：Haveyoufoundyourpen？你已经找到你的钢笔了吗？例如：Maryhasherhomework.Mary有做她的家庭作业。7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：Hehaslivedheresince1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。）Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。（动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。）此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语（由since或for引导），或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如：uptonow，sofar）等。例如：Ihaveheardnothingfromhimuptonow.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。注意：（1）现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die。8.一段时间+haspassed+since从句9.现在完成时常用短语"uptonow/tillnow","sofar"（意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。Upto/tillnowhe'sreadmanystorybooks.至今他已读过好多故事书。I'vebeentoNewYorkthreetimessofar.至今我已到纽约去过三次。hasgone(to),hasbeen(to),hasbeen(in)的区别。hasgoneto：表示某人已去了某地，而没有回来（去了没回）（不可与for+一段时间连用）hasbeento：表示去过某地（去过已回来）（不可与for+一段时间连用）hasbeenin/at（in表示相对大一些的地点；at表示相对小一些的地点）：表示一直呆在某地，常与时间段搭配（呆了很久）。10.不可以与一般过去时的定义混淆
用法/现在完成时
表示影响现在完成时课件该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个动作对现在仍有影响或结果，同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果，如汉语说“他已离开这个城市了”，其中的“离开”肯定发生了，它对现在的影响或结果就是“他现在已不在这个城市了”；又如汉语说“有人把窗户打破了”，显然“打破窗户”这一动作发生在过去，并且在过去已经完成了，但说话人强调的重点是打破窗户对现在的影响——窗户现在仍是破的。如：Hehasbeenawayfromthecity.他已离开这个城市。(结果：他不在这个城市。)Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。(结果：窗户仍破着。)Ihavelostmypen.我把钢笔丢了。(结果：我现在无钢笔用。)Hehasfinishedhiswork.他把工作做完了。（结果：他可以做其他的事了。）表示持续该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状态在过去并未完成或结束，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)，如汉语说“他在我们学校教书已有30年了”，显然“他在我们学校教书”是从30年前开始，并且一直教到现在，已经持续了30年；又如汉语说“自上个星期以来他一直很忙”，显然“忙”是从上个星期开始的，并且这一“忙”就一直忙到现在。如：Hehastaughtinourschoolfor30years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。Hehasbeenbusysincelastweek.自上个星期以来他一直很忙。Hehasworkedforuseversinceheleftschool.他离开学校以后就一直为我们工作。表示重复即表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况，并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去，也有可能到现在就结束。如：Howoftenhaveyouseenheragain?你隔多长时间见她一次?Myfatherhasalwaysgonetoworkbybike.我父亲一向骑车上班。表示将来同一般现在时可以表示将来一样，现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。如：I’llwaituntilhehaswrittenhisletter.我愿等到他把信写完。Whenyouhaverested,I’llshowyouthegarden.等你休息好之后，我领你看我们的花园。
标志词/现在完成时
already：用在肯定句中（be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实意动词之前）常与yet进行转换。例如：I already have finished the work.我已经完成这项工作了。 改为否定句：I haven't finished the work yet.我还没有完成这项工作。改为一般疑问句：Have you finished the work yet.yet：放在否定句和一般疑问句句末。just, before, recently,still, lately,never,ever,twice, on several occasion,in the past/last few days/weeks/months/years,(up to)these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year（多用于一般过去时）, up to present, so far,up to now,up till now,till now。since+时间点=for+时间段since+一般过去时态的时间状语从句=since+时间点+agosince+一般过去时态的时间状语从句。例如：He has been here since he joined the army。自从他参军以来,他一直在这儿。
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-Did you visit Beijing before?& -Yes, I did.&& -No, I didnt.
&&& Have you ever visited Beijing?& Yes, I ________.& &&&&No,& I ________.
&&& Have you ever been to Beijing?& Yes, I ________.&&&&&& No,& I ________.
:have/has+p.p.()&&&
“havehas”
We have just finished our homework&&
She has gone home
1havehashashave
&2havehasjust
3“”“”“”“”
“haven'thasn't”
We haven‘t studied Unit 2 yet&&
&& & The train hasn't stopped yet
Have you read this story book yet
What have you done with my bike?
You've read this story book, haven't you?
“……”“……”
3“Yeshavehas”
“Nohaven'thasn't”“Nonot yet”“Nonever”
1Workedvisitedaskedplayedstayed&&& 2liked& lived& moved
3stopped& dropped& robbed &planned preferred& 4carriedworriedtriedcried
1everneveralready
&&& yetjust before)
2for + : for two days
3. in the past/last : &&in the past ten years
4. since +&& : &&since 1991 :& 1991
&&&&&&&&&&
+ ago&&&&&&& since 14 years ago:& 14
&&&&&&&&&& :&&&&&& since I was born :&
already, yet, ever, never, just
Already ,.&
I have already finished my homework.
= I have finished my homework already.
&&&& He hasnt finished his homework yet.
&&&& Has he finished his homework yet?
ever &&&& Has John ever been to Zhuhai?
never &&& He has never been to China.
just &&&&&& I have just come back from China.
already, yet, ever, never, just
Have you seen the film (&& &&&)?
Have you done your homework (& &&&&)?&& -Not (& &&&&&), I will do it after supper.
Have you ( &&&&&&) been to England?& -no, (& &&&&&&).
I have (& &&&&&&) finished reading the book.
I have (&& &&&&&&) paid for the car.
for, sincehow long
Joey has been in New York for 10 years.
Since + / … ago/
Joey has been in New York since 1996.
Joey has been in New York since ten years ago.
Joey has been in New York since he first arrived.
How long has Joey been in New York?
for, sincehow long
The wind has blown (& &&&&&&) 2 hours.
The dog has stayed there (& &&&&&&) it ate its dinner.
(&& &&&&&) has the old man lain in bed?
The teacher has thought about the problem (& &&&&) yesterday.
The horse has run (&& &&&&) quite a long time.
The ducks have swum (& &&&&&&) thirty minutes.
The poor child has worn the old clothes (& &&&&&&) 7 years old.
have been to, have gone to
Have (has) been to
My mother has been to London twice.
Have (has) gone to
My mother has gone to London.
Jenny is well-traveled. She has ______________ to Germany twice.
Jane isn’t in now. She has ______________ to the office. Can I take a message?
My father is a successful businessman. He’s ______________ to many countries.
It’s a dangerous place. Nobody has ever ______________there.
The manager has ______________to Beijing. He will be back tomorrow.
The tiger of the zoo is missing. None of us knows where it has______________.
have been to,&& have been in,&& have been
Have been to & I have been to Paris. Now I am staying in Zhuhai.
Have been in &
I came to Zhuhai in 2004. So I have been in Zhuhai for 2 years already.
Have been & I have been a teacher since 2004.
I have been at No. 4 Middle School for 2 years.
1.A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei?
B:& He ______________the school library.
2.The Greens _____________China for three years.
&& We _____________the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.
Some of us have ______________ Zhuhai for only a week.
Susan has ______________ in this band for over five years.
My father has ______________Guangdong several times.
It has ______________a long time since I first met Johnny.
He loves Zhuhai and he has ______________ there quite a few times.
Judie has always______________a good student and her classmates like her.
Tony has ______________ America before, so this time he will travel to France.
Betty’s ______________ at home for three days. She doesnt feeling like going out.
The boss has ______________ the office since early this morning. He works hard.
&&&&&& He has completed the work. ()
&&&&& Julia has borrowed the book.&&&& Julia
&&&&& I've known him since then. ()
&&&&& Julia has kept the book for 3 days.&& Julia
till / until
“…………” “……”He didn‘t come back until ten o’clock.&&&& 10
He slept until ten o'clock.10
&buy– have&&& catch(get) a cold –have a cold& borrow—keep& Come/go /become—be&
&put on-- wear
&& join the army – be a soldier
Join the Party –be a Party member
go to school– be a student&
& die—be dead&&&& finish – be over&&& begin—be on
& leave—be away&&&& fall sleep – be asleep&&& close – be closed
& go to school– be in school&&& join the army – be in the army
We have had the book for three years.
We bought the book three years ago
He has had a cold for three days.
He caught a cold three days ago.
1. His uncle ____________ (die) for two years.
2.He left his hometown three years ago.& ()
&& He ________ _______ _________ _______ his hometown for three years.
Ann has become a teacher for 4 years.
Maria has borrowed the CD from me for a over a week.
Jeff hasnt had a day off since last Monday.
Norman has put the machine right for a few hours.
The students have finished the homework for a while.
The front door has been open for 8 hours already.
The meeting has lasted for two hours and a half.
Berry has been late for school several times this term.
I have met Philip once.
The Greens have eaten the supper for two hours.
He ____________(work) in our school for one year.
He ______(come) to our school last year/in 2002.
They _______________(cook) the supper already.
They ___________ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.
Finish the sentences with the correct tenses:
A city ________& (be) born beside the Pearl River 2000 years ago. Later it__________ (become) bigger and more important. It _______________ (change) a lot in the last few years. Now the Baiyun Hills,Tianhe and Fangcun_______________(be) parts of the City. Baiyun hotel ___________(be) once the tallest building in China. But now many buildings _________ ( be) much taller than it . People in Guangzhou ____________(build) many new buildings these years. In its long life, the city ___________(have) four names.Do you know what are they ?
Multiple choice
You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______?
A& haven’t you& B& have you C& do you& D don’t you
2. --Ann has gone to Shanghai.&& ---So ________ her parents.
& A. do&&& B. does&&&& C. has&& D. have
3. – I have watched the game.
&& --When ____ you ____ it?
A have watched& B& do watch& C& did watch&& D& will watch
4. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.
A lived&& B& has& lived& C&& lives&& D &&is going to live
5. His grandma ______ for two years.
A& died&& B& has been dead&& C was dead&& D& has died
6. –Where is Han Mei now?
&& --- She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.
A has gone& B&& has been&& C&& goes&& D&& had gone
7. ---_____ to the United Stated ?& &---- No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.
& A. Did you go&&&& B. Do you go&&& C. Have you been&&& D. Have you gone
8. You haven’t changed your mind,_______?
A do you&& B& are you& C& have you&& D&& did you
1-8& BDCBB& ACC
Translation
I have already finished my homework
He has just had his meal
Have you ever sung this English song
They haven’t started yet
We have never heard of it
I've been to Beijing three times.
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer . He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different place in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there , he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
1. Only one of these statements is true. Which one?
The writer has been in Australia for 6 months.
Tim is a mechanic and hes working in Australia.
Tim is working for an Australian firm.
Tim is working for a big firm as an engineer.
2. Only one of these statements is true. Which one?
Time has been in Darwin for 6 months.
Its the first time Tim has ever been to another country.
Perth is in the centre of Australia.
Tims brother has never been abroad before.
Talk about some places which you are interested in. Why do you like there?
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