法语中的英语借词及其翻译--《上海科技翻译》1993年04期
法语中的英语借词及其翻译
【摘要】：正 “le rock(摇摆舞)、un brushing(卷发、吹发)、un bridge(桥牌)、le steward(男乘务员),un parking(停车场)、le self-control(自我克制)、un walkman(微型收录机或单放机)……”如果我们把日常听到法国人说的英语词罗列出来,其数目确实是令人吃惊的。其实,英语词汇进入法语,较之意大利语、葡萄牙语、西班牙语、阿拉伯语和德语来要晚得多。只是到十八世纪,由于英国在政治、经济、社会、科学等方面逐步领先,再加上法国资产阶级启蒙思想家、法学家孟德斯鸠(Montesquieu),法国启蒙思想家、作家、哲学家伏尔泰(Voltaire)及当时一些百科全书编写者赞同英国的议会制度,使英国的一些政治词汇,如budget(预算)、comité(委员会)、jury(陪审团)、vote(投票)、opposition(反对,反对派)、parlement(议会)等得以在法国流传。
【作者单位】：
【正文快照】：
“ie rock(摇摆舞)、un brushing(卷 经济方面居世界领先地位,因而出现了英语发、吹发)、un br饲ge(桥刚、ie steward 词汇大量进入法语的现象。1960年一位名(男乘务员),un parking(停车场)、ie self·叫Etiemble的大学＄y授甚至发明了“frang-control咱我克制)、un walkman(
欢迎：、、)
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英文翻译法语5个常见的问题及解决方法
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Jo:& Hello, I&m Jo and you're listening to Question and Answer of the Week from BBC Learning
&&&&&& William the Conqueror
English. Or maybe I should say bonjour today Jean&
Jean:& Eh? What was that word you said Jo? Bonjour?&
Jo:& Yes, it&s French for hello.
Jean:& And why are we speaking French today?
Jo:& Well, we&ve had a question from Justina. She says she has heard there are a lot of French words in English.&
Jean:& Justina 这个问题提得非常好。确实，正如她所说，英语里确实有不少法文的外来语，这样的例子我们可以真的是举出来不少。
Jo:& Now I spoke to Erica Gatland, who works for a RWS Translations. French is just one of the many languages they work with.
Jean:& Translations 翻译。
Well there are a lot of French words in English and I&m led to believe that actually 30% of our vocabulary is based on French words. A lot of this is because in 1066 the Battle of Hastings took place. That was when our king was defeated by William the Conqueror of France. He came over and ruled England and brought his words with him and a lot of those words still stay in our vocabulary today.
Some of the words we use are the same as French and are still used in French today and others are words that came from French but have become more English more anglicised over the years.
Jo:& So Erica tells us there are a lot of French words in English and she says I am led to believe&
Jean:& Erica 说她相信，英语里有30%的单词都是由法语词演变而来的。Vocabulary 就是&词汇&的意思，based on 就是&基于&。Wow 30% - that is a lot!
Jo:& She says a lot of it is because in the year 1066 the Battle of Hastings took place. To take place.&
Jean:& 发生。原来在 1066 年的时候，一场名叫海斯汀斯战役的时间发生了。当时英王哈罗德二世在这一战役中被一位名叫法国征服者威廉的人打败了。 一场战役就是& a battle.& The& king& of& England& was& defeated& 被击败了。我们还听到了一个词 conqueror. 去征服就是& to& conquer。威廉是一个法国人，不过他当时把英国打败，并成为了国王，所以他的称号就是 William the conqueror.
Jo:& Yes, he came over and ruled England. To rule.
Jean:& 就是去统治。威廉当时把一些法语带到了英国，而我们现在用到的很多英语里的法文外来语就是那时候传过来的。
Jo:& And she said there are two types of French words in English. Ones that are the same as French and are still used in French today and others are words that& came& from& French& but& have& become more& English, more& anglicised over the years.
Jean:& Anglicised 英国化了。
Jo:& Today on this BBC Learning English Question and Answer of the Week, we are answering Justina&s question about French words in English.&
Jean:& 而且& Erica 告诉我们说，很多这样英语里的法文外来语在法语里依然沿用至今。So does Erica have some examples for us?
Yes, well one of the main ones that comes to mind is en suite. That&s a word we use to describe a bathroom that&s attached to your bedroom and I can&t think of an English word that explains what that is.&
RSVP, that&s an interesting one. That&s what we write at the bottom of invitations. People put RSVP at the bottom and it means please reply. In French it&s repondez s&il vous plait.
Fianc&. When you&ve got engaged to someone that person becomes your fianc&.
And a souvenir & when you go on holiday, something that you bring back with you is a souvenir. It comes from the French verb that means to remember.
Jo:& So a few examples there of many that exist in the English language. Erica said one of the main ones that comes to mind.&
Jean:& 就是一下子能想得起来的。&
Jo:& An en suite describes a bathroom that&s attached to your bedroom.
Jean:& Attached 附加上的。所以 en& suite 这个英语里的法文外来语的意思就是内含洗浴间的卧室。而英语里除了这个词就没有其它词来表示这个意思了。
Jo:& Another common& French& term we use& is RSVP.& It&s usually written at& the bottom of invitations.&
Jean:& Invitations 邀请函。一般我们会在邀请函的下端看到 RSVP 这个字眼，它的意思就是&请答复&。
Jo:& In& French& repondez& s&il& vous& plait& && RSVP& please& reply.& Another& French word we use in English is fianc&.&
Jean:& 就是说，在你订婚的& engaged 时候，你未来的丈夫或者妻子，如果是未婚夫，在英语里就叫做& fianc&，拼出来就是：F.I.A.N.C.E；如果是未婚妻就叫& Fianc&e，单词最后多加一个&。还有最后一个英语里法文外来语的例子就是& souvenir。
Jo:& Yes, she said when you go on holiday, something that you bring back from your trip is called a souvenir.
Jean:& A souvenir 一件纪念品。其实在法语里 souvenir 的意思就是&去记住&，不过当它在英语里出现的时候，它的意思就是我们为记住游历过的一个地方而买的一件纪念品。Now,& Erica& also& talked& about& French& words& that& came& from& French& but became anglicised over the years? 记得我们刚才提到的表示英国化了的词吗，没错，那就是 anglicised. What can she tell us about those?
All of these words had an old English version that we used before William the Conqueror came over from France but when he brought his people with him the words evolved over time and have now taken on a more French form. For example, the word letter comes from letter, treasure from tr&sor, and cup comes from coupe although you wouldn't necessarily think that any of those are French words.&
Jean:& 所以当初来自法国的征服者威廉一世在英国作上国王以后把法语就带到了英国，从此把传统的英语改变了不少。我们现在用的很多英语词都是从法语演变而来的。&演变&就是 evolve。
Jo:& So the English word letter actually comes from the French word lettre. The word treasure comes from the French tr&sor and the word cup comes from the French coupe.
Jean:& Treasure 宝藏。其实这些单词如果& Jo 不说的话，我还真的以为它们都是纯粹的英语词呢。
Jo:& So a very interesting subject. We could only give you a few examples today but there are thousands. We hope that&s given you a bit of knowledge about French words in English though.&
Jean:& 如果你也有关于英国文化或者语言的问题想探询答案的话，你可以给我们发邮件过来，我们的电子邮箱是 questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk。你也可以登录我们的网站来看到更多有关英国文化和英语学习的节目和内容，我们的网址是.cn & 点击& Learning English 英语教学就可以了。
Jo:& So, thanks for your interesting question, Justina. We&ll see you again for another BBC Learning English Question and Answer of the Week. Thanks Jean.
Jean:& You&re welcome. Bye.&
This week&s question comes from Justina in China who wants to know more about French words in English.
We spoke to Erica Gatland, who works for a translation company. She said that over 30% of the English language is made up of French words.
Erica Gatland, RWS Translations
Some of these words are the same as in French and are still used in the French language today. Others came from French but have become anglicised as time has passed.
So why are there so many French words in the English language? Well, in the year 1066 in England, the Battle of Hastings (a town on the south coast) took place.
The English king, Harold, was defeated by William of Normandy in France. So a French man became the King of England. He brought his language and his people over to England at that time.
Once English people took power again though, the English language changed but it was influenced by this period when the King of England was French.
Lots of words used in English came from French and have evolved over the years and become more English. Examples are treasure (in French tresor), cup (in French coupe), letter (lettre), beef (beouf), abolish (abolir) and claim (clamer).
These are just a few examples of thousands. There are also thousands of examples of French words that are exactly the same as French words used in French still today. Here are just a few for you below.
There are a lot of French words in English
En suite 带洗手间的卧室 - a bathroom attached to a bedroom.
RSVP (repondez s'il vous plait) （邀请函上）请回复 - please reply (usually found on invitations).
Fianc&/Fianc&e 未婚夫 - when you get engaged your husband or wife-to-be becomes your fianc& (man) or fianc&e (woman).
Souvenir 纪念品 - something you buy to remind you of a holiday or special event (in French souvenir is a verb - to remember).
Aubergine 茄子 - the British word for eggplant.
Cul-de-sac 死胡同 - a street which is blocked off at one end.
Hors d'oeuvre 餐前小吃 - a starter at a meal.
Thanks for your question Justina. We hope we could give you enough examples.
If you have a question about the English language, send us an email: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk and we might just be able to answer it for you one a page like this.
Glossary 词汇
translation 翻译
anglicised 英国化
battle 战役
defeated 被击败
period 时期
evolved 进化了的
treasure 财富
abolish 废除
attached 附带的
invitations 邀请函
get engaged 订婚
eggplant 茄子
blocked off 堵死的
starter 开胃菜，头盘
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