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Hey! You're not logged inOperators in C++
Operators in C++
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An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations. C++ is rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of operators:
Arithmetic Operators
Relational Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
Assignment Operators
Misc Operators
This chapter will examine the arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, assignment and other operators one by one.
Arithmetic Operators
There are following arithmetic operators supported by C++ language:
Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
OperatorDescriptionExample
+Adds two operands A + B will give 30
-Subtracts second operand from the first A - B will give -10
*Multiplies both operands A * B will give 200
/Divides numerator by de-numerator B / A will give 2
%Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer division B % A will give 0
++, increases integer value by one A++ will give 11
--, decreases integer value by one A-- will give 9
Relational Operators
There are following relational operators supported by C++ language
Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
OperatorDescriptionExample
== Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. (A == B) is not true.
!= Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. (A != B) is true.
& Checks if the value of left
operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A & B) is not true.
& Checks if the value of left
operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A & B) is true.
&= Checks if the value of left
operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A &= B) is not true.
&= Checks if the value of left
operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (A &= B) is true.
Logical Operators
There are following logical operators supported by C++ language
Assume variable A holds 1 and variable B holds 0, then:
OperatorDescriptionExample
&& Called Logical AND
operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then condition becomes true. (A && B) is false.
||Called Logical OR Operator.
If any of the two operands is non-zero, then condition becomes true. (A || B) is true.
!Called Logical NOT Operator.
Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then Logical NOT operator will make false. !(A && B) is true.
Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operator works on bits and perform bit-by-bit operation. The truth tables for &, |, and ^ are as follows:
pqp & qp | qp ^ q
Assume if A = 60; and B = 13; now in binary format they will be as follows:
-----------------
The Bitwise operators supported by C++ language are listed in the following table. Assume variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13, then:
OperatorDescriptionExample
& Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.
(A & B) will give 12 which is
| Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.
(A | B) will give 61 which is
^ Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.
(A ^ B) will give 49 which is
~ Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. (~A ) will give -61 which is
in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number.
&& Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the left operand.
A && 2 will give 240 which is
&& Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
A && 2 will give 15 which is
Assignment Operators
There are following assignment operators supported by C++ language:
OperatorDescriptionExample
=Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C
+=Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
-=Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A
*=Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A
/=Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
%=Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to
left operand C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A
&&=Left shift AND assignment operator
C &&= 2 is same as
C = C && 2
&&=Right shift AND assignment operator
C &&= 2 is same as
C = C && 2
&=Bitwise AND assignment operator C &= 2 is same as
^=bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator C ^= 2 is same as
|=bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator C |= 2 is same as
Misc Operators
There are few other operators supported by C++ Language.
OperatorDescription
sizeof returns the size of a variable. For example, sizeof(a), where a is integer, will return 4.
Condition ? X : Y. If Condition is true ? then it returns value X : otherwise value Y
, causes a sequence of operations to be performed. The value of the entire comma expression is the value of the last expression of the comma-separated list.
. (dot) and
-& (arrow) are used to reference individual members of classes, structures, and unions.
Cast convert one data type to another. For example, int(2.2000) would return 2.
& returns the address of an variable. For example &a; will give actual address of the variable.
* is pointer to a variable. For example * will pointer to a variable var.
Operators Precedence in C++
Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression. This affects how an expression is evaluated. Certain operators have higher pr for example, the multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator:
For example x = 7 + 3 * 2; here, x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has higher precedence than +, so it first gets multiplied with 3*2 and then adds into 7.
Here, operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedence operators will be evaluated first.
Category& Operator&Associativity&
Postfix&() [] -& .
- - & Left to right&
sizeof& Right to left&
Multiplicative & *
%&Left to right&
Additive &+
-& Left to right&
Shift & && &&& Left to right&
Relational && &=
& &=& Left to right&
Equality & ==
!=& Left to right&
Bitwise AND&&& Left to right&
Bitwise XOR& ^& Left to right&
Bitwise OR& |& Left to right&
Logical AND&&&& Left to right&
Logical OR& ||& Left to right&
Conditional&?:& Right to left&
Assignment& =
|=&Right to left&
Comma& ,& Left to right&
& Copyright 2017. All Rights Reserved.From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Operator may refer to:
, an American hard rock band
Operators, a synth pop band led by
, a 1965 song recorded by Mary Wells and Brenda Holloway
"", a 1972 song by Jim Croce from You Don't Mess Around with Jim
"", a 2008 song by Shiloh
"Operator", a 1970 song by the Grateful Dead from
"Operator", a 1975 song by the Manhattan Transfer from
"Operator", a 1993 song by Blue System from
"Operator", a 1995 song by Real McCoy from
- an occupation
, a type of computer program function
, an extension for the Firefox web browser, for reading microformats
, a segment of DNA regulating the activity of genes
, a special category including wh- interrogatives
, mathematical operators in quantum physics
or logical connective
, a pulp fiction hero from the 1930s
, a fictional group in the Ghost in the Shell series
, a crew position in The Matrix franchise
, a person or company offering telephone services
, a soldier in a special operations force
, an early 20th-century ship on the Skeena River
, a phone carrier
, a theory of human language
, a 2016 film
, a grammar for formal languages
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