not from concentratee focus 主语必须是人吗

十几组最常考近义词,一定要避开赤裸裸的坑!
【考研大纲】要求考生除掌握词汇的基本含义外,还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系,如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系,如动词与介词,形容词与介词,形容词与名词等“;掌握词汇生成的基本知识,如词源、词根、词缀等。
整理了十几组最常考近义词,看了让人“似曾相识”甚至“恨之入骨”,拿去好好搞一搞吧!
1 blunder, error, mistake 这一组词都表示 “ 错误 ” . blunder n. ( 因为无知、疏忽犯下的 ) 大错,愚蠢的错误。
I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question. 这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过,我感觉到犯了一个大错。
error n. 指判断、计算或行为上的错误,也指智力或道义上的错误。
The accident was the result of human error. 这事故是人为的错误造成的。
mistake n. 误会,误解; ( 粗心、遗忘所导致的 ) 错误。
I took your bag instead of mine by mistake. 我错拿了你的手提包。
2 、 brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid 都有 “ 弱 ” 的意思。
brittle a. 易碎的,易损坏的,通常是指坚硬的东西。
The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken. 老年人的骨头变得脆弱,很容易骨折。
fragile a. 常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西,也引申为体弱的,虚弱的。
He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party. 他参加了昨晚的聚会以后,现在感觉有些虚弱。
frail a. ( 指人 ) 体弱的,虚弱的,也可以指东西易碎的。
His mother has grown old and frail. 他母亲已经年老体弱。
crisp a. 指食品的松脆;清新的,爽快的;活跃的,有生气的,干净利落的。 crisp biscuit 松脆的饼干The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question. 学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。
invalid a. 不正确的,缺乏证据的;无效的,作废的。作名词时,表示病弱者,伤残者,久病者。
Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid. 你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思,但是缺乏证据。
A bad car accident made him an invalid. 一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。
3 、 boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge “ 边界 ” 意思。
boundary n. 边界;界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。
The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers. 这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。
border n. 较宽的边缘,边界,多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带;也可以指物体的边缘等。
We crossed the Mexican border into the USA. 我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。
frontier n. 边界,边境,边疆,指靠近边界 (boundary) 的区域;也可引申为 “ 未开发的领域 ” , “( 学术的 ) 前沿 ” 等。
The American West was still a frontier a century ago. 一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。
She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology. 她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。
rim n. 边,边缘,尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。
verge n. ( 道路、花坛等长草的 ) 边缘,引申 “ 某事即将发生之际 ” . on the verge of war 战争爆发之际
4 、 brief, concise, curt, succinct 都有 “ 简短的 ” 意思。
brief a. 简明扼要的,简短的,指时间短暂,办事利索,态度明了等;有时含有 “ 虽短但却不失全面 ” 的意味。
The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting. 经理致了简短的开幕词。
concise a. ( 文字等的 ) 简要、精练,常含有保留主要部分的意思。
His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job. 他的信写得简明扼要,省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。
curt a. 三言两语的,简短的,常含有 “ 草率 ” 的意思。
He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , “I have no time for you now!” 他问老板一个问题,但是老板草率的说: “ 我没时间搭理你。 ”succinct a. 简明的,简洁的,简练的,尤指用词简练,除含有 concise 的意思外,还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。
succinct summary of the argument 论点的概要
5 、 bush, shrub, jungle 这一组词均与树木有关。
bush n. 矮树丛。
shrub n. 有木茎的灌木,灌木丛。
jungle n. 热带稠密的雨林或丛林。
6 、 certify, rectify, testify, verify 形近易混词。
certify v. 证明,声称是真的。
He certified it was his wife's handwriting. 他证明那是他妻子的手迹。
rectify v. 改正,纠正;整顿。
He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording. 他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。
testify v. ( 在法庭上 ) 宣誓作证;表明。
He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously. 其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害,他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。
verify v. ( 用事实 ) 证实或核实。
I verified the store's address by calling to check it. 我打电话询问,以核实商店的地址。
7 、 compel, constrain, force, oblige 都有 “ 强迫 ” 的意思。
compel v. 强迫,迫使,常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事;有时也表示 “ 别无办法,不得不做 ” . His illness compelled him to stay in bed. 他的病迫使他卧床休息。
constrain v. 力劝,强迫,与 compel 意思相近,但更多强调内心情感 ( 如道德、怜悯等 ) 的强迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的场合。
As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people. 他认为自己是艺术家,不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。
force v. 强迫,迫使,暴力威胁的意味较浓,常用于被动语态。
The thief forced her to hand over the money. 强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。
oblige v. ( 因法律、习俗等 ) 强迫,迫使,常常用于被动。
We are obliged to stop the car at a red light. 我们遇到红灯时必须停车。
8 、 complaint, disorder 这两个词都有 “ 疾病 ” 的意思。
complaint n. 疾病 ( 主要指病人去看病时向医生描述的病症,既可以是小病、慢性病,也可以是传染性疾病 ) ;抱怨,埋怨,不满。
a heart complaint 心脏病disorder n. ( 精神或肉体的 ) 疾病 ( 着重于身心、机能的失调、不平衡 ) ;骚乱,动乱;混乱,杂乱。
a disorder of the digestive system 消化系统疾病
9 、 complement, supplement , append“ 补充 ”complement n. 补充,补充物,主要指补充不足使之完美。
Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish. 有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。
supplement n. 增补,补充,补贴,主要指另外补加,增补。
One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events. 我们在报告完成一年之后,必须增补一个包含新事件的附加部分。
append n. 附加,添上或补充某事物 ( 尤指文字 ) . The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract. 律师在合同后又附加了两页。
10 、 component, element, factor, ingredient“ 组成成分 ”component n. 零部件; ( 某事物的 ) 组成部分;成分。
Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car. 轮胎,引擎,车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。
element n. 元素;组成部分,方面;某特定的人或群体,分子。
The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. 氢元素和氧元素构成了水。
He belongs to a bad element in this city. 他属于这个城市的坏分子。
factor n. 因素,要素,侧重指原因。
Endurance is an important factor in success in sports. 耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。
ingredient n. 原料,成分,要素。
Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread. 面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。
11 、 comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include这一组动词都有 “ 组成,包含 ” 的意思。
comprise v. 包含,包括,由 …… 组成 ( 整体 ) ;组成,构成。
Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items. 我们公司的生产线是由 2,500 个不同的组成部分构成的。
compose v. 构成 ( 整体 ) ,组成;由 …… 组成 ( 后接 of ,常用于被动语态 ) ;创作 ( 作曲、诗歌等 ) . The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents. 委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。
consist v. 组成,构成 , 由 …… 组成 ( 后接 of ,常用于主动语态 ) ; ( 后接 in) 在于,存在于。
The problem consists of two parts. 问题由两部分组成。
The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 这计划的好处就在于简单易行。
constitute v. 构成,组成 ( 整体 ) . Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems. 犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。
include v. 包括,包含,把 …… 列入。
The conference delegates included representatives from abroad. 大会代表中有来自海外的代表。
12 、 concentrate, focus 都有 “ 集中 ” 的意思。
concentrate v. 集中,集中精力 ( 后接 on ,宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西 ) ;浓缩,压缩。
During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions. 考试期间,同学们集中精力回答问题。
focus v. 集中 ( 于某事物 ) ;将 ( 注意力等 ) 集中于 ……( 后接 on ,宾语一般不是具体的东西 ) . Please focus your minds on the following problem. 请集中考虑以下问题。
13 、 confinement, limitation, restraint“ 限制,局限 ”confinement n. 限制,囚禁 ( 于某地或某种境地 ) . The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement. 那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。
limitation n. 限制,局限; ( 能力的 ) 缺点,弱点。
That employee has limitations on what work he can do. 那个雇员能做的工作有限。
restraint n. 克制,抑制;约束措施。
Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child. 即使母亲很生气,她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。
14 、 considerable, considerate 这是一对形近易混的形容词。
considerable a. 相当大的,相当多的;值得考虑的。
That family owns a considerable amount of land. 那个家族拥有大量的土地。
considerate a. 考虑周到的,体贴的,后面常跟 of 结构。
He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic. 他总是很体谅别人,他很慈善并且富有同情心。
15 、 conserve, preserve, reserve 都有 “ 保存 ” 的意思。
conserve v. 保存,保藏,保护 ( 强调节约 ) . In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night. 冬天,为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。
preserve v. 保护;维持;保养;防止 ( 食物 ) 腐败 ( 使不受破坏 ) . The government preserves the rights of the individual person. 政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。
reserve v. 保留,储备 ( 强调为某一特殊目的 ) ;订 ( 座位 ) ,预定。
We are reserving these seats for my parents. 我们把这些座位留给我的父母。
16 、 convert, invert, revert, transform 都有 “ 转变 ” 的意思。
convert v. 转变,变换,含有 “ 使某人改变观点 ” 的意思。
He wants to convert to Catholicism. 他要皈依天主教。
invert v. 使颠倒,使倒转,使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。
The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice. 婴儿把杯子打翻,弄洒了里面的橙汁。
revert v. 归还,恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。
John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John. 约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子,当他的哥哥去世后,房子的所有权重新归于约翰。
transform v. 改变,转变,指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。
A little paint will soon transform the old house. 刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。
17 、 credible, credulous, plausible 都有 “ 可信的 ” 意思。
credible a. 可信的,可靠的。
That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick. 那个学生跟老师讲了实情,她没来上课是因为她病了。
credulous a. 轻信的,易于相信的。
She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money. 她很容易轻信别人,竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。
plausible a. 似乎有理的 ( 可信的 ) .常带有怀疑的意思。
Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced. 虽然这个解释合理,但仍不可能使我完全相信。
18 、 decline, refuse, reject, deny 都有 “ 拒绝 ” 的意思。
decline v. 婉言拒绝,谢绝,相当于 refuse politely ,主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求,后接名词或动词不定式,主语只能是人。
I invited her to join us, but she declined. 我邀请她和我们在一起,可是她婉言谢绝了。
refuse v. 是比较普通的用词,表示 “ 拒绝 ” ,含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意思。
reject v. 抛弃,不采纳,主语可以是人或物,后接名词,不能接动词不定式。
He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him. 他三次约她去看电影,但每一次都被拒绝。
deny v. 否认,否定,其后可接名词,代词或 that 从句。
The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court. 被告在法庭上否认了对他的指控。
19 、 continual, continuous, constant, incessant这一组形容词都有 “ 不断的,不停的 ” 的意思。
continual a. 连续不断的;频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。
That dog's barking is a continual annoyance. 那条狗不停地叫,真是烦死人了。
continuous a. 不停的,连续不断的,强调中间不停顿。
Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity. 我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。
constant a. 不断的,经常的,强调始终如一地经常出现。
Everything in the universe is in constant motion. 宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。
incessant a. 不停的,持续不断的,强调令人厌烦地重复出现,中间有可能有停顿。
Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence. 持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。
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高中英语词汇汇编(全套)
高中英语词汇汇编Unit Oneabandon vt. go away from( a person or thing or place) not desert 放弃,抛弃 词组 abadon one‘s home 离弃家园 abadon one‘s wife 遗弃妻子 an abandoned baby 被抛弃的孩子 abadon one‘s research for lack of fund 由于缺乏资金放弃研究 abandon oneself to 沉溺于 ability 词组 例句 n. capacity or power to do sth physical or mental 能力 to the best of one‘s ability 尽自己最大努力 I believe your ability to bring out the best in others. 我相信你有充分发挥别人潜力的能力 adj. havin capable 有能力的, 能干的 反义词:unable be able to do be capable of 有能力做某事 able capable 两个都指“有才能的” , able 所指的意义,高过 capable 一级 如 an able man 能应付各种事情的人(指非常的) ,而 a capable man 能应付自如的 人(指寻常的) ;capable 也可以用于贬义,表示此人什么事都干得出来。able 词组 辨析aboard adv. prep. on or into a ship, an aircraft, a train or a bus 在船(或飞机,车)上; 上船,登机, 在船(或飞机,车)上 词组 go aboard 上船(飞机) welcome aboard 请上船(飞机) about prep. on the subject of (sb/sth); concerning or regarding 关于; around 在周围;在各处;大约 adv. (indicating position, state, etc) here and there in (a place) 各处,周围 be about to 刚要;正准备 He was about to leave when it began to rain. How about…? What about…? 关于…怎么样? How about going to watch a football game? 去看足球赛怎么样? be to do be going to do be about to do be to do 表示计划或安排要做的事 be going to do 表示打算要做但还没有安排好何时做的事1词组 例句辨析 例句be about to do 表示某时突然想要做某事或表示过去刚要做某事时这时另一件事发生 了,这时常与 when 词组 We are going to visit our former English teacher this winter holiday. 这个寒假我们打算去看看我们以前的英语老师。 We are to visit our English teacher on Feb 5th. 二月五日我们去看看我们的英语老师。 I was about to leave home when the doorbell rang. 我刚要出门,这时门铃响了。 prep. higher than something adv. 在上面 above all above average as indicated above above-mentioned 在…上面;高于;超过 最重要的是 超过平均水平 如上所示 上述的 反义词:belowabove 词组absent 词组展开adj. not present 缺席,心不在焉 反义词 present v. fml to keep oneself away (正式)缺席,不在 be absent from 缺席 be present at 出席 absent-minded 心不在焉的 absent expression 茫然的表情 in the absence of= in one‘s absence 有谁不在场 in the presence of= in one‘s presence 有谁在场 absence n. 反义词 presence 十足的,道地的;绝对的,完全的 十足的傻瓜 绝对的权利 完全地;极其absolute adj. complete, total 词组 an absolute idiot absolute power 展开 absolutely adv. absorb 词组vt. include sth/sb as part of itself 吸收;接受;把…并入;吸引(注意力,精力等) be absorbed in 全神贯注于 (同) concentrate one‘s attention/ mind on focus one‘s mind/ attention onabstract adj. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a phycial or practical existence 抽象的 反义词:concrete an abstract noun 抽象名词 n. 摘要,梗概 词组 in the abstract 抽象地说,一般地说 accept 辨析 v. take (sth offered) willingly 接受,认可 adj. acceptable 可以接受的 receive 表示“收到” ,而 accept 表示“接受” ,其反义词为 refuse2 I received his invitation yesterday but I did not accept it. 昨天我受到了他的邀请,但是没有接受。 admit 表示“接纳” , “吸收”某人加入某一组织,团体等 Soon he was admitted to British citizenship. 不久之后他便被接受为英国公民。 access 词组 例句 n. means of approaching or entering( a place) 通道; opportunity or right to use sth or approach sth 接近;接近的机会;享用权 a man of easy access 容易接近的人 have access to 可以到达(进入) ;能够使用(接近) The only access to that building is along the muddy track. 进入那幢大楼的唯一通道就是这条泥泞的轨道。 Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case. 只有几个人可以获取这个案例的全部事实。 accessible adj. 容易接近,得到或使用展开accident n. event that happens unexpectedly and causes damages, injury, etc.意外事件,事故 词组 a traffic accident 交通事故 by accident 偶然 (同)by chance accidentally (反)on purpose 例句 He owes his success to a mere accident 他的成功出于偶然 展开 accidental adj. 偶然的 accompany vt. to go with, as on a journey 陪伴,陪同; to happen or exist at the same time 伴随,和…一起发生; to make supporting music for 为…伴奏(或伴唱) I was accompanied to the airport by my wife. 妻子陪我到机场。 Suffering accompanied war. 灾难总是伴随着战争一起。 He sang a folk song, accompanied by his wife at the piano. 他唱了一首民歌,他妻子钢琴伴奏 company n. 陪伴 keep sb. company 陪伴例句展开accomplish v. perform 实行,完成 词组 accomplish one‘s purpose 达到目的 accomplish nothing 一事无成 accomplish wonders 创造奇迹 an accomplished young lady 多才多艺的少女 展开 accomplished adj. 熟练的,已完成的,有教养的 辨析 accomplish complete finish achieve fulfil accomplish―指通过努力完成(某一任务,使命) ,取得(成就) ,达到(目的)等 complete― 较 accomplish 更具体,指把建筑,工程,书籍等完成 finish― 指完成日常琐事,接动名词作“结束”讲,而 complete 则不能如此。 另外,finish 指消极性的“完成”3 展开辨析: I have finished the book. 我已读完这本书了。 I have completed the book. 我已写完这本书了。 fulfil― 完成(计划,任务) ,达到(目的) ,强调的是对预期的或保证过的事 情圆满完成,达到预想的目的和要求。 I had fulfilled many of my youthful ambitions. 我已实现了我年轻时的许多抱负。 achieve―指排除困难,完成伟大功业,取得成就。according adv. 按照;根据 词组 according to accordingly adv.根据 相应地account n. a writ description 记述,描述,报告 n. a record or statement of money received and paid out, as by a bank or business, esp. for a particular period or at a particular date 账,帐户 n. 解释,说明 vi. account for 说明…的原因,是…的原因 vi. account for (在数量,比例方面)占 词组 give an account of 叙述;报告 pay one‘s account 付帐 keep accounts 记账 on account of 由于;因为 on no account 决不 take…into account=take account of=take into consideration 考虑 of no account 不重要的 on account 以赊帐方式 展开 accountant n. 会计人员 accuse 词组 v. to charge(someone)with doing wrong blame 指责 accuse sb. of sth.=charge sb.with sth. 控告某人 the accused 被告 the accuser 原告 accusation n. 指责,控告展开accustomed adj. b used to 习惯于; regular, usual 通常的,惯常的 词组 表示“习惯于” be (get, become, grow) accustomed to be (get, become, grow) used to (变得)习惯于 adapt oneself to adjust oneself to 使自己习惯于 accustom oneself to 例句 This is her accustomed hour to get up. 这是她惯常的起床时间4 ache辨析n. a continuous pain 疼痛 vi. to have or suffer a continuous dull pain 疼痛,酸痛 合成词 toothache 牙疼 headache 头疼 stomachache 胃疼 ache pain hurt ache 指一种辨析持久的疼痛,或因小病或失调引起的感觉 I have an ache in my stomach. 我胃疼。 He is aching all over. 他浑身痛。 pain 指人体感到不舒服,是一般用语,可指身体或精神方面的痛 I have a sharp pain in the neck. 我的颈部痛得很。 hurt 指身体或精神的伤害,指“疼痛”时,为不及物动词 What you have said hurt her. 你说的伤到她了。 My fingers still hurt now. 我的手指还在痛。achieve vt. to finish successfully(esp. something, anything, nothing) 完成,实现,达到 vi. 成功 词组 achieve one‘s aim 达成目标 achieve nothing 一事无成 achieve success 成功 achieve a general increase in production 实现逐步增长 辨析 (见 accomplish 词条) 展开 achievement n. 成就,成绩acquire vt. to get for oneself by one‘s own work, skill, action, etc.取得,获得;学到 词组 acquire a property 得到一笔财产 acquire a large vocabulary 学到大量词汇 acquire confidence 获得信心 辨析 acquire get obtain gain acquire 指(经过一个过程或通过自己的努力才) “获得” , “习得” get 为一般用语,表示“得” , “取得”等,常用在口语中 obtain 比 get 文雅些,指凭着努力,要求等而“得到” Further information can be obtained from our head office. 可以从我们总部获得更多信息 gain “取得” “赚得(利益等) ” ,含优势和成就等意味。 Nothing can be gained without an effort. 不劳则无获。 across 词组 prep. from one side to the other of 穿过…, 横过…, 在…的对面 adv. 从 边到另一边;宽,横 come ~ =run across 碰到某人或遭遇某事 get across 惹(某人)不高兴 put across 哄骗(使相信或接受) get sth. across 使人理解,领会5 辨析put sth. across 讲清楚,使人听懂 The stream is 6 feet across. 这条小溪六尺宽。 He was unable to get across to the group what he meant.他无法让人了解他什么意思。 We must learn how to put our ideas across. 我们必须学会讲清楚我们的观点。 across through across 指平面的穿过 through 指空间的穿过 辨析 across the river/ street/ desert/ plain through the forest/ window/ gateactvi. To take action 行动;做,做事;to represent ( a part) or perform by action 表演 vt. 扮演(角色) n. 行为,动作;法令;条例 act on/ upon act on the teacher‘s instructions Acids act on metals. in the act of an act of great daring an education act She acted wisely in this matter. He wasn‘t acting like himself. He acts very well in the play. He acted Romeo. 1. 根据…行事 2.对…产生影响,对…起作用 遵照老师的指令 酸对金属起作用。 正做…的过程中 英勇的行为 教育法 她在这事上做得很明智。 他的举止反常。 他在剧中演得很好 他演罗密欧。词组例句action 词组辨析例句展开process of doing something n. 行动 take action 采取行动 out of action 不(再)起作用,不(再)运转 go /come into action 开始战斗,开始行动 action act activity act 指短暂,个别的,具体的“行为” action 偏重于抽象的,占时较长的“行为” , “行为过程” ,更具有连续性。 activity 指活动 The thief was caught in the very act of stealing. 小偷在行窃时被逮捕。 Firm action must be taken to prevent such an accident from happening again. 必须采取果断措施以防止此类事故再度发生。 classroom activity 班级活动 action 也常指做事的方法或效果 action of a runner/ a medicine 跑步者的动作(药的作用) actions 泛指人们的行为,常与呼应6 Actions speak louder than words. (谚语)事实胜于雄辩 注:我们可以有如下表达 a foolish/ kind/ brave act (or action)= an act( not action ) of foolishness/ kindness/ bravery active 词组 lively adj. 积极的,主动的 be active in = take an active part in actively adv. 积极地积极参加adapt . 词组v.make sth suitable for a new use, situation etc. 使适应,使适合; v. alter or modify( a text) for televison, the stage, etc. 修改,改编 adapt oneself to 使自己适应, 习惯 (见 accustomed 词条) adapt to 适应 v. put something together with sth else so as to increase the size, number, amount etc. 加,添加;进一步说(或写) ,附带说明 add up to = amount to = total = come to 合计达,总计 add to 增加 add up 加起来 add to one‘s confusion/ difficulty 增加困惑,困难 Three added to four makes seven. 3 加 4 等于 7 Add all these figures and see what the total is.把这些数字加起来,看看是多少。add 词组例句addition n. adding, esp calculating the total of tow or more numbers 加;加法 词组 in addition = besides 另外,加之 in addition to = as well as = besides 除…之外(还有) 展开 additional adj. 附加的,另外的 address n. details of where a person lives, works or can be found, and where letters , etc may be delivered 地址,住址; n. speech made to an audience 演说,讲话 vt. (在信封或包裹上)写姓名,地址;向…作(正式)讲话;对…发表演说; 称呼;处理 address oneself to 向…讲话,致力于 address speech lecture report talk address 指较正式隆重场合上所作的“演说” speech 普通用语,指在公共场合所作的经过准备的或无准备的“发言” lecture 学术性的“演讲” “讲座” report 事件及局势的报道(报告)或下级给上级的报告 talk 非正式的讲话,用与较随便的场合 I went to a lecture he gave on literature. a political report I must have a long talk with him.词组 辨析7 adequate adj. sufficient 足够的,适当的;胜任的 反义词:inadequate 辨析 adequate sufficient enough adequate 着重符合一个客观要求或标准,兼有“适当”之意 sufficient 较偏重分量或数量的“足够” ,多用语书面语 enough 常用语,也较偏重分量或数量的“足够” His wages are adequate to support the family.他的工资足够养家了。 adjust 词组 例句 v. alter (sth) by a small amount so that it will fit regulate 调整;调节 adjust oneself to 调整以适应(见 accustomed 词条) adjust to 适应 The body quickly adjust ( itself ) to changes in temperature. 身体迅速自行调节以适应气温的变化。admire vt. regard sb with respect, pleasure, satisfaction etc. 赞赏,钦佩 词组 win the admiration of 赢得…的赞赏 be the admiration of 成为(是)...的欣赏对象 have/ display an admiration for 对…非常佩服(欣赏) 展开 admirer n. 崇拜者 admirable adj. 可佩的 admirably adv. 可佩地,非常地 admiringly adv. 钦佩地,赞叹地 admiration n. 欣赏,赞赏 admit 词组 vt. allow sb/ sth to enter 允许进入,使进入;容纳;容许 recognize or acknowledge sth as true, confess sth. 承认+that clause/ doing/ n./ pron. admit to sth/doing sth 承认;同向 admit (having made )ones mistakes 承认犯了错误 be admitted into 被…录取 Only important personages were admitted to the opening ceremony. 只有 VIP 才可参加开幕式 This matter admits of no delay. 这件事不容拖延。 This ticket will ~ three to the concert. 一张票可供三个人听音乐会。 George would never admit to being wrong. 乔治从不认错。 I admit my mistake that I was wrong. 我承认我错了。 admission n. 准许进入,入场费,费用例句展开advance v. come or go forward 前进,向前移动; make progress 取得进展; increase (a price)(价格等)上涨; pay before it is due to be paid 预先发放,预先支付; bring (an event) to an earlier date 提前,使提前发生; make a present (a claim or suggestio, etc) 提出(建议等) n. 前进,前移;进展,改进; (价格等)增加;预付(款等)8 词组 展开adj. 预先的,先行的 in advance 在前面;预先,事先 advanced adj. 先进的,高级的;年迈的,后阶段的 n. conditon or circumstance that gives one superiotiy or success (esp when competing with others) 优势,好处 反义词:disadvantage take advantage of 利用(某人的处境,弱点等) ; 利用(机会等)= make use of have (give sb.) an advantage over (使某人)在方面辨析有利;胜过 have the advantage of 在某方面有优势 to sb‘s advantage 对(某人)有利 turn sth. to advantage 使发挥作用,充分利用 His British upbringing gives him certain advantages over other applicants. 他在英国成长受教育,这一背景使他比其他应征者略胜一筹。 He has the advantage of speaking four languages over others. 相比其他人,他有能说四门语言的优势。 The lawyer‘s letter said she would hear something to her advantage. 律师的信上说她会听到对她有利的消息。 advantageous adj. 有利的advantage 词组例句展开adventuren. unusual, exciting or dangerous experience or undertaking 冒险(性) ;冒险活动; 冒险经历;激动人心的活动(经历) ;奇遇 辨析 adventure venture adventure 指如探险等一般性的冒险 venture 尤指在商业方面有风险的计划,投资,事业 辨析 his adventures in Africa 他在非洲的冒险经历 He thought the venture far too risky and didn‘t want to become involved. 他认为这个计划风险性太大而不想参与。 展开 adventurous adj. 冒险的 adventurer n. 冒险家 advice 词组 n. opinion given about what to do or how to behave 建议,劝告 (不可数) a piece of advice advise sb. to do sth.= try to persuade sb. to do sth. = try to persuade sb. into doing sth. 建议某人做某事 ask sb. for advice 向某人要建议 follow/ take one‘s advice 听从某人的建议 give sb. some advice on sth. 给某人提建议 it is advisable for sb. to do sth. …对某人来说是可取的 advise v. 建议 advisable adj.明智的,可取的,适当的展开affair n.thing (to be) matter 事情,事件;(pl.) 事务9 词组辨析public affairs 公事 private / personal affairs 私事 national /state affairs 国事 international affairs 国际事务 family affairs 家事 current affairs 时事 affair matter business event incident affair 涵义最广,可指已经发生的或必须去做的任何事情,也可泛指事务(用作复 数时,指重大的或头绪较多的事情) matter 意为事情,指要考虑或处理的(小)事 money matters 钱的事情 What‘s the matter?=what‘s wrong? business 常指生意,商业,还可指任务,责任,正事 do business with 与某人做生意 go into business 经商 business hours 营业时间 mind your own business ( affairs ) 少管闲事 get down to business 干正事 It‘s none of your business. 不关你的事 Business is business. 公事公办 event 指重大事情 historical event 历史事件 track and field event 田径赛 incident 指突发事件,事变或冲突 Xian incident 西安事变 border incidents 边境事件 vt. have an influence on (sb or sth.) 影响; (在感情方面)打动,震动; 假装 have an affection for 喜欢… set one‘s affections on 钟爱某人 effect n. 影响 affection n. 喜爱,慈爱 affectionate adj. 深情的 affectionately adv.深情地 v. have enough money, space, time etc for ( a special purpose) 提供;担负得起(费用) ;抽出时间 afford a holiday 度假 afford the time/ expense 抽出时间(支付费用) afford to do 能够做某事 afford sb. sth. 提供某人某物 afford offer supply provide afford 供给,一般用于抽象名词,常用在 can, be able to 后 offer 主动提供,出价10affect 词组 展开afford 词组辨析 offer sb. sth. 提供某人某物 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 offer some money for sth. 为某物出价 supply 供应,补给(缺乏或不足的东西) (一般指付钱的) supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb. 提供 The water works supply water to the people in this town. 水利工程给这个镇上的人们提供水。 provide 往往指免费提供 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. We provide the children with money and clothes. 我们为孩子们提供钱和衣物。 afraid 词组 adj. frightened 怕的(做表语用) be afraid of be afraid to do sth. be afraid that clause 害怕… be afraid to do be afraid of Be afraid to do 表示害怕不敢做,可以不做。是以人的意志为转移。 Be afraid of 表示害怕某事会发生。 是不以人的意志为转移的 The girl was afraid to go out at night. So she stayed at home. 这女孩晚上不敢出去,因此她呆在家里。 The boy was afraid of being scolded by his father for he failed in the final exam. 这男孩因期末考没通过害怕被他父亲责骂。 later in time prep. /conj. /adv. 在…之后 after all after dark after one‘s heart ask after = inquire after be after day after day ( year ~ year) go after look after one after another run after take after the day after tomorrow ( the week ~ next ) be named after once more, another time adv. 再一次 again and again once again now and again all over again11辨析after 词组毕竟,终究 天黑之后 合…心意的,投合的 问候 想得到,寻求, 追求 日复一日(年复一年等) 追逐,追求,设法得到 照顾,照看,照管 一个接一个地 追求,追捕,追赶 长得像,性格上像 后天(在下一个星期) 以…命名again 词组再三地,反复地 再次 不时地,间或 再次,重新 over and over again time and time again一再地 多次,一再地against prep.in opposition to (反)对; 以…为抵御…对象;靠着; having as a background 衬着; as a defence or protection from 预防 词组 against one‘s will (wishes) 违反自己的意愿 be against 反对 lean against 斜靠着 例句 We sailed against wind.我们顶风航行。 There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有 20 张投票拥护他,有 12 张反对他。 The skier‘s red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. 滑雪者红色的衣服在白雪的衬托下分外醒目。 We are all taking medicine against the disease. 我们都在服药防御这疾病。 age n. length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed 时代;年龄 vi. grow old 变老,长大,老化 vt. 使苍老 at the age of 在…岁的时候 at one‘s age 在…这个年龄(岁数) be of the same age 同龄 be of different ages 不同龄 under the age of 年龄在…以下 be over age 超龄 be under age 未成年,不足龄 aged adj. 有…岁,…年纪的,陈年的;年老的 My son is aged 10 years. 我儿子十岁。 Tinka, aged eleven, was demanding that she be allowed to go to the movies twice a week. 十一岁的女孩 Tinka 要求一周看两次电影。 The sick and the aged need our help. 病人和老人需要我们的帮助。 the middle-aged 中年人 v. say ?yes‘ 同意 agree with词组展开agree 词组例句agree to sth. agree on/ upon agree to do sth. agree +that clause Their story agrees with the facts. The climate doesn‘t agree with me. I agree with you on the plan.同意(+某人/ what 引导的从句/ ) ; (气候,食物等)适于…的健康或体质 与…相符,与…相一致 同意(建议,命令,要求,安排) 表示双方在某一点上取得相同意见 同意做某事 他们的叙述与事实相符 这气候对我不相宜。 我同意你对这个计划的观点。12 展开I agree with what you said at the meeting 我同意你会上的发言。 We couldn‘t agree on the date. 关于日期,我们未能取得一致意见。 agreeable adj. 令人愉快的 = pleasant; (欣然)同意的,乐意的 agreement n. 协定,协议;同意 adv.further forward in space or time adv. 在前 ahead of (指时间,空间)在…之前 ahead of schedule (比原计划或规定时间)提前 ahead of time 提前,提早 go ahead 在前进,有进展;继续干,说下去 push ahead 向前进,推行 They began to push ahead with their new policy.他们开始推行他们的新政策。 vt. help 帮助,援助 n. 帮助,援助(不可数) ;助手,辅助用品(可数) teaching aids 教学设备 hearing aids 助听器 audio and visual aids 视听设备 food and medical aid 食品和医疗帮助 come / go to one‘s aid 来(去)帮助某人 first aid 急救 aid help assist help 常用语,其后可跟一个宾语和带 to 或不带 to 的动词不定式 aid 比 to 较正式,往往指帮助整体而言。他的宾语后接不定式或 in 加动名词都可 assist 正式用语,往往指帮助个体而言,着重表示“协助”之意。它更多使用的则 是后接 in 加动名词结构ahead 词组例句 aid 词组辨析aim n.purpose, intention 目的,目标(可数) ; action of pointing or directing a weapon or missile at a target n. 瞄准,射击目标 (不可数) vt/vi direct one‘s efforts ( in the specified direction) 以…为目的,目的是,打算,希望; point or direct ( a weapon, blow, missle, etc) towards an object 瞄准,对准 词组 aim at 目的是,打算 aim to do sth. 打算 aim for 希望(达到某个目标) take careful aim at 仔细瞄准 aim high 雄心很大,要求很高 be aimed at 目标是,目的是;针对,对…而发 例句 This education aimed at combining brain work with manual labour. 教育的目的是把体力劳动和脑力工作结合起来。 Mary aimed to please her teacher. 马丽想取悦她的老师。 We should aim for the best results. 我们应该希望得到最好的结果。 These advertisements are specially aimed at young people. 这些广告是特别针对青年的。13 展开aimless adj. 无目的的 aimlessly adv. 无目的地Unit Twoair 例句 n.mixture of gases surrounding the earth and breathed by all land animals and plants 空气;气氛;飞机;航空 clear the air 消除误会(或猜疑等) in the air 流传中;不肯定,不具体;在谣传中 in the open air 在户外,在露天地里 build castles in the air 空中楼阁,想入非非 by air 乘飞机,由航空 on the air 广播 off the air 停播 up in the air 悬而未决的 合成词 air bath 空气浴 air-cushion 气垫 airflow 气流 airproof 不漏气的 air pump 气泵 air stream 气流 air rifle 气枪 air-conditioned adj.有空调设备的 air-conditioning n. 空调设备/系统 air battle 空战 air attack 空袭 air cargo 空运货物(邮件) airhostess 空姐 airliner 班机,客机 airmail 航空邮件 air alarm 空袭警报 air base 空军基地 air corridor 空中走廊 air force 空军 airline 航线,航空公司 air raid 空袭 airport 机场 n. fear and excitement caused by the expectation of danger 惊恐的情绪(不可数) warning sound or signal n. 警告,警报;闹钟的铃(可数) vt. give a warning or feelingo of danger to (a person or an animal) 使惊慌,使不安 alarm clock 闹钟 false alarm 虚惊 adj. living, not dead 活着的 alive live living alive 活着的,多指状态 the happiest man alivealarm词组alive 辨析lively 世上最幸福的人14 The driver was still alive after the accident. 出了车祸,司机还活着。 live adj.活的(常指有生命的) ,现场直播 live fish 活鱼 a live TV programme 现场直播的电视 living adj.活的,逼真的 living water 活水 living language 活的语言 living things 生物 lively adj. 充满活力的,生动的,活泼的 a lively dance/ lesson 充满活力的舞(生动的课) 注 有许多词是以 a-开头的形容词,只能做表语,被称为表语形容词: asleep 睡着的 afraid 害怕的 awake 醒着的 alone 单独的 aware 明白的 ashamed 害羞的 alike 相似的 all adv. completely pron. the whole of n. everything all day (night, etc.) all one‘s life all the time all the way all the while all these(those) days/ years for all above all after all all in all at all not at all first of all for good and all in all once for all all alone all along all at once all of a sudden all out all over all right all round all the more15词组全部的 全体; (整体中的)每一个;一切 所有的一切 整天(夜)地 一生,一辈子 一直地,经常 一路,全程;一直(走完很长一截路) 一直地 这些年(天) 尽管 最重要的是 毕竟,终究 总的来说,总之 究竟(用于疑问句,条件句) 一点也不 首先 永久地,一劳永逸地 总共 一劳永逸地 单独一个人,独自地 一直地,一向 突然;同时,一下子;马上 突然 全力(以赴) 到处 好吧,行; (身体)好了,情况不错 全面地 更加 all the same all through allow 结构尽管如此,照旧;全都一样(没有差别) 在整个…期间辨析词组 展开 almost 辨析vt. permit (sb/sth) to do 允许,准许,承认 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing 允许做某事 同样用法的词: permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 permit doing 允许做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid doing 禁止做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise doing 建议做某事 allow permit allow 强调客观 The nurse allowed the visitors to remain beyond the hospital visiting hours, though it was not permitted. 尽管医院不允许,但护士还是同意探视者逗留超 过探视时间。 permit 强调主观 If time permits, we‘ll go for an outing. 如果时间允许的话,我们就去郊游。 allow for 考虑到,顾及,为…留出余地 allow of 容许,容许有…的可能 allowance n. 津贴,补贴 adv. nearly, not quite 几乎,差不多 almost nearly mostly almost 与 no, none, nothing, never 连用 Almost no one believes her. 几乎每人相信她。 nearly 不可与上述词连用,而用 not nearly 根本不是 It‘s not nearly so easy as you think. 远没有你想象的那么简单。 mostly 则等于 almost all The audience are mostly students. 观众大多是学生。 adj. only, exclusively 仅仅(用于名词或代词后) ; without any companions 单独的 adv. 单独地 lonely alone lonely 是形容词有“寂寞的” “孤单的”之意,既可做定语,也可做表语;还表示 “荒凉的,人迹稀少的” Come over and see me. I‘m feeling a bit lonely.过来看我吧,我有点寂寞。 a lonely mountain village 荒凉的山村 alone 往往和心情无关,指独自一人,可做形容词也可做副词,做形容词表示仅仅 She lives on tea and cakes when she is alone.她一个人时就以茶饼当饭。16alone辨析 词组Man alone has the gift of speech. leave alone let alone只有人类有说话的天赋。 不打扰,不惊动 不打扰,不惊动;更别提,更不用说along 词组prep. from one end to or towards the other end of (sth) 沿着,循着 adv. onward, forward 向前地 all along 始终,一直 along with 和…一道,和…一起 get along 进行,进展;相处alternative adj. available
other 两者择一的,供选择的 n. choice of two or more possibilities 两者(或在两者以上间)择一,抉择; 供选择的东西,供替代的抉择 词组 alternative road 另一条路 alternative fuel 可替代燃料 have no alternative but to do = have no choice but to do 别无选择除了 although conj. n sp even if 虽然,尽管 辨析 although though 1. though 可用做副词,做修饰性状语, (一般放在句末) ,表示“但是” ,although 则不能。 He he didn‘t, though. 他说他要做这件事,可是他没有做。 2.as though, even though 结构中不能用 although 注 although 和 though 不能与 but 同用,可用 yet, still, nevertheless 替代 Though he lives alone, yet he is happy. 他虽然独自生活,却很愉快。 amaze 展开 vt. fill (sb) with great surprise or wonder 使惊异,使大为惊奇 同义词:surprise atonish 注: 此三词都是及物动词,但这三个词一般以事物或他人做主语,以人做宾语。 如果以人做主语时用 be + ved 形式 I was amazed to find her there. 见到她在那儿,我很惊讶。 amazing adj. = surprising = astonishing amazing news amazingly adv. 惊人地 amazement n. = surprise = astonishment 惊讶 to one‘s amazement/ surprise /astonishment among 辨析 令人吃惊的 令人吃惊的消息使感到惊讶的是prep. amongst 在…中间;在…之中 among between among 指三者或三者以上 between 指两者之间或两两之间 New York is among the largest cities in the world.纽约是世界上最大城市之一。17 drinks between meals餐间饮料amount n. total sum or value 数量,总数 vi. 合计 词组 amount to 总计达(见词条 add) a large amount of 大量的(修饰不可数名词) =large amounts of the amount of …的数量(不可数名词) 展开 “大量,许多的”词组 a large number of 大量的(修饰可数名词) the number of …的数量(可数名词) a large quantity of = 大量的(修饰可数,不可数名词) large quantities of the quantity of …的数量(可数或不可数名词) a lot of = 大量的(修饰可数,不可数名词) lots of plenty of 大量的(修饰可数,不可数名词) a good / great many 大量的(修饰可数名词) 注:这些词组修饰可数名词做主语,谓语动词用复数,修饰不可数名词,谓语动词 用单数。 但 large quantities of 和 large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 谓语动词和 amounts, quantities 保持一致,用复数。 Large amounts of waste water has been poured into the river without being cleaned. and 词组 conj. also, in addition 和 and so on = and so forth and vice versa and yet adj. filled with anger 生气,发怒 be angry with sb. be angry at sth. be angry to do quiver with anger anger n. 怒,愤怒 vt.使发怒,激怒 angrily adv.生气地等等 反过来也一样 但是…angry 词组生某人的气 为某事生气 生气地… 因生气而发抖announce vt. make sth known publicly 宣布,通告 辨析 announce declare announce “宣布” ,含有“预告”之意。如书籍的出版,物品的发售,人的生 死,婚姻,暴风雨和危险的来临等。 declare 公开“宣布” , “宣称” ,如战争,和平,戒严等。18 展开declare war upon the declaration of independence announcement n.宣布,通告 announcer n. 广播员,解说员向…宣战 独立宣言annoy 辨析展开vt. caus irritate 使烦恼,打扰 annoy bother disturb annoy “烦恼” ,指干扰,不顺利或受不了某种外界情况而感到“烦” He was annoyed with his naughty son. 他淘气的儿子令他生气。 bother 指不停的“扰乱” , “麻烦” ,是人不能安宁。它强调动作,不强调由此产生 的心理。 I‘m sorry to have bothered you. 对不起打扰你了。 disturb “干扰” ,妨碍” ,指由于外界的干扰,使本来安宁或正常的秩序被打乱, 而使人一时不能全神贯注地做某事 That thing disturbs my serenity. 那件事扰乱了我的宁静。 annoyance n. 烦恼,讨厌的人或事 annoying adj. 讨厌的another pron./ adj. an additional (person, thing) 再一个,另一的 词组 one after another 一个接一个;相继 one another 互相(三者以上) each other 互相(两者间) answer vt./ n. thing said, written or done as a response or reaction 回答,答复 同义词:reply 词组 in answer to 作为对…的回答 answer for 对…付有责任 answer the need of 满足…的需要 answer to 符合,适合;对…有反应 anxious adj. uneasy 焦虑的,急切的,渴望的 辨析 anxious eager anxious 指因焦虑而担心,因此渴望… eager 仅指渴望…无担心之意 词组 be anxious to do 很想做某事 be anxious for/ about 渴望…,为…而担心 例句 We are anxious to know the result of the Entrance Examination. 我们急者要知道高考的结果. He is eager for success. 他渴望成功. anything pron. any one thing, everything 任何事,任何东西 词组 anything but 绝对不(辨析 nothing but 表示“仅仅” for anything (否定句中)无论如何19 例句The novel is anything but vivid. Alone at home, I felt nothing but lonely. I wouldn‘t miss the party for anything. to or at a distance apart from fall apart set apart tell/ know apart adv. 分开,分隔开这部小说一点也不生动. 一个人在家,我就是感到孤单。 我无论如何都不会错过那个晚会。apart 辨析除…之外(别无) ,除…之外(还有) 崩溃,破碎 留出 区分开apologize v. make an apology 道歉 词组 apologize to sb. for sth. make an apology to sb. for sth. 展开 apology n. 道歉 appeal vt.为某事向某人道歉 (同上)词组 例句make an earnest request 呼吁;控诉; be attractive or interesting (to sb) 有吸引力 n. earnest reply 呼吁;吸引力 appeal to 呼吁,请求;对…吸引力,投…所好 The police are appealing to the public for information about this crime. 警察呼吁公众提供这件罪案的线索。 This picture doesn‘t appeal to the youth. 这张画对年轻人没有什么吸引力。appear vi. become visible 出现,显得;好像 辨析 appear look seem appear 强调外表上给人某种印象,有时含有实质上并非如此之意。 He appears to know more than he really does. 他看起来好像懂很多,其实不然。 look 暗示有一定根据的判断。 The problem seems very complicated. 问题仿佛很复杂。 seem 着重由视觉而得出的印象。 He looked as if he was worried. 他看上去仿佛很着急。 展开 appearance n. 出现;外观,外貌 appetite n. physical desire, esp for food or pleasure 词组 have a poor appetite an appetite for power/ knowledge lose one‘s appetite to one‘s appetite 食欲, 后常跟 for 胃口不好 权势(求知)欲 食欲减退 投其所好appliance n. instrument or device for a specific purpose 器具,用具,器械20 词组辨析medical appliance 医疗器具 electrical appliance 电器 household appliance 家用器具 appliance instrument equipment facility appliance 强调器械,用具 instrument 尤指精密仪器,乐器, 如: musical instrument 用具乐器 surgical instrument 外科 equipment 是“设备” , “装备”的总称,为不可数名词 kitchen equipment 厨房设备 facility 常用,复数形式,表示提供便利的“设备” , “设施” 。如: public facilities 公共设施 facilities of traveling 旅游设施 vi make a formal request .申请(for), be relavant (to sb/ sth); have an effect 适用(to) vt. 应用,运用;put or spread sth (onto) sth 敷,贴,涂,施加 apply for 申请 apply theory to practice 把理论应用于实践 apply to 适用于 apply oneself to 致力于 application n. 申请,申请表;应用,实施;敷用,涂抹 applicant n. 申请人 applicable adj. 可应用的,可实施的 choose sb for a job or position of responsibility 任命,委派; fix or decide on sth 约定,确定(时间,地点) appointment n. 任命,委派 He was appointed mayor of the city. 他被任命为该市的市长。apply词组展开appoint vt. 展开appreciate vt. unde value 重视,欣赏;领会,充分意识到,体会; feel or show understanding or gratitude 为…表示感激 vi increase in value . 增值 结构 appreciate one‘s kindness/ goodness in doing sth. 感谢你所做的… appreciate it very much if you could 如果…,将不胜感激 appreciate the beauty of 欣赏美丽 … is much appreciated …大受欣赏 例句 I‘d appreciate it very much if you could/would type this letter for me. 如果你能帮我打印这封信的话, 我将不胜感激. I appreciate your kindess in helping me with my English. 对于你给我英语上的帮助我表示感谢. I appreciate your problem, but I don‘t think I can help you. 我理解你的困难, 但我爱莫能助. Houses in that area have appreciated since the new road was built.21 展开自从新马路的建造, 这个地区的地产已增值. appreciation n. 感激,欣赏,重视 (of ) have an appreciation of 欣赏, 喜欢, 重视…评论approach vt./ vi. to come near or nearer to (sb/sth) in space or time 接近,靠近;临近;对 begin to tackle (a task, problem etc.) 处理(问题,任务等) n. act of approaching 接近,靠近;途径; way of dealing with a person or thing 方式,方法 (to) 词组 make approaches to sb. 想法接近(认识)某人 展开 approachable adj. 可以达到的,容易接近的 approve vt./vi say , show or feel that sth is good or acceptable or satisfactory 赞成,同意; confirm (sth); accept v. 批准,核准 词组 approve of 赞成,称许 disapprove of 不赞成,不称许 展开 approval n. 赞成,同意;批准,认可 disapprove vt/vi 不赞成,不同意;不批准 disapproval n. 不赞成,不同意;不批准 area n. exten or measurement of a surface 面积; region of the earth‘s surface district of a city, etc. 地区,地域; range of activity or interest 领域,范围 辨析 area region section district zone area 整体中面积较大且没有明确界限的一部分。还可指较确定的一小部分(相当 于 section)或计算出的面积。 There is a strange smell in the area around the fridge. 冰箱附近有股怪味。 Mary measured the area of the floor before ordering the new carpet. 在订购新地毯之前马丽量了地板的面积。 region 指有共同的政治,经济,文化或自然特点的地区。 the desert region 沙漠地区 the Macau Special Administration Region 澳门特别行政区 Development of the West Region 西部大开发 section 指整体中相对独立的一部分,或指同类人居住的地区。 The student read the introductory section of each chapter. 那位学生阅读了各章内容的简介部分。 the Negro sections of New York 纽约黑人居住区 district 多指一个国家或城市中的行政或地理区域 What district does that representative come from? 那位代表来自哪个区? zone 指有不同于一般的特点或特征的地区,或指某些活动发生的地区。 the war zone 战区 the economic development zone 经济开发区 argue v. express
quarrel 争吵,争论22 词组展开 arm 词组argue against argue down argue away argue with sb. over sth. argument n. 争论,辩论拒理反对,争辩说不应该 驳倒 把…辩解过去 与某人争吵某事展开n. either of the two upper limbs of the human body 臂,前肢 arm in arm 臂挽臂 keep at arm‘s length 保持距离,避免亲近 receive with open arms 热情而高兴地接待(欢迎) lay down one‘s arms 放下武器,投降 take up arms 拿起武器,准备战斗 arms n. 武器 near a place 在…周围; forming a circle round (sth); following (such a route ) 环绕 adv. 在周围;大约 around the clock 昼夜不停地;二十四小时的 around the corner 在拐角处,即将到来 vt. wake sb from sleep 唤醒,引起 vi. 醒来 arouse one‘s curiosity arouse sb. from sleep arouse the appetitearound prep.词组arouse 词组引起某人的好奇心 叫醒某人 引起食欲 (arose, arisen)arise 词组 例句vi. become evident 起立,起身;上升,升起;出现 arise from/ out of 产生,造成,引起 Many problems arise from the lack of communication. 有许多问题是由于缺乏交流而引起的。 同义词组:result from lie inarrange v. make tiy, neat or attractive 安排 词组 arrange for sb. /sth. to do sth. 安排…做… arrange sth. for sb. = make an arrangement for 为…做安排 arrangement n. 安排,排列 article n. piece of writing 文章,论文; separate clause or item in an agreement or a contract. 条款,条文; particular or separate thing, esp one of a set (物品的)一件,物件;冠词artificial adj. made or produced by man in imit not real 人工的,人造的; not genuine adj. 假的,矫揉造作的23 词组artificial fiber artificial smile人工纤维 做作的笑as词组prep. Having the function or the character of 作为,当作;像,如同 conj. when 当…时, 在…的同时, 随着; and so too 如同…那样, in the way in which 以…的方式,像…一样; because of 因为,由于;introduce a clause of concession 尽管,虽然 ad. to the same extent 同样地,一样地; as for/ to 至于,关于 as if / though 好象,仿佛 as a matter of fact 事实上,实际上,不瞒你说 as a result 结果是 as a result of 由于,因为 as a whole 一般来说,通常 as… as one can/ as… as possible 尽可能,尽量 as follows 尽量 as/ so far as 远道,一直到;达到(某种程度) as…as… 同…一样 not as…as…, not so…as… 不如…那样 as regards 关于ashamed adj. feeling shame, embarrassment, etc about sth/sb or because of one‘s own action 惭愧的,羞耻的,难为情的 辨析 ashamed shameful shameless ashamed 意为“惭愧的” , “羞耻的” ,用于人,后接 of,表示“以……为耻” shameful “可耻的” , “丢脸的” ,用于事物或行为。 He is ashamed of his shameful behavior. 他为其可耻的行为而感到惭愧。 shameless“无耻” ,可指事物,行为,也可指人“恬不知耻” 。 shameless lies 无耻的谎言 shameless traitor 无耻的叛徒 ask 词组 vt. /vi. request information (about sb/sth) from sb. 问,询问;请求,要求;邀请 ask after 探问 ask about 询问 ask for 请求,要求 ask for trouble 自找麻烦 ask the favor of sb. 请求某人帮助 ask sb. to dinner 邀请某人吃饭 adj. sleeping 睡着的(常做表语) sound / fast asleep 熟睡 fall asleep 入睡 asleep sleep sleepy24asleep 词组 辨析 asleep 睡着的,常做表语 sleep 是动词 sleepy 是形容词,既可做表语,表示“困乏的,想睡觉的” ;也可做定语,表示“贪 睡的,好睡觉的” I slept a good sleep last night. 昨晚我睡得很好。 He was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes open. 他困得很,眼睛都睁不开。 aspect 词组 particular part or feature of sth being considered n. 方面;角度;外观,面貌 in all aspects 在各个方面 take on a new aspect/ look 面貌一新assemble vt./vi. (cause people or things to ) collect 集合,召集,聚集; fit together ( the parts of sth) 装配 辨析 assemble gather collect assemble 指人或组织出于共同目的而聚集在一起 gather 强调把分散的东西集中到一起 collect 指有选择地集中或逐个地慢慢聚集,收集 展开 assembly n. 集会,集合;设备,组装 assign 词组 展开 assist 词组 展开 vt give sth to sb as a share of work to be done of things to be used . 分配,选派 assign sb. to do sth. 委任某人做某事 assign sth. to sb. 给某人分派某事 assignment n. (分派的)任务, (指定的)作业;分配,指派 v. help 帮助,协助 assist sb. in assistance n. 帮助,援助 assistant n. 助手,助理帮助做某事(见词条 aid)associate vt. join (people or things) conncect ( ideas, etc ) in one‘s mind 结合在一起 词组 associate…with… 与…交往; 将(不同事物)联系起来,联想 例句 Whisky is usually associated with Scotland. 人们常把威士忌与苏格兰联系起来. I don‘t like you associating with such people. 我不喜欢你与那些人混在一起. 展开 association n. 联合,联盟;协会,社团 association football 英式足球25 Unit Threeassume vt. accept (sth) as true before there is proof 假定,假设;承担,担任 词组 assume a statement to be true 假定一种说法是正确 assume responsibility 承担责任 assuming that… 假定… assumption n. 假定,臆断;担任,承担 assure 词组 辨析 vt tell (sb) positively or confidently 使(某人)相信 assure sb. of sth. 使某人确信… assure sb. that… 向某人保证… assure ensure insure guarantee assure 强调“向…保证” , “使…确信” ,后接人做宾语,否则用被动 ensure 与 insure 一般可以通用,但习惯用 ensure 表示“保证” ,句型为: ensure sb. sth 向某人保证… ensure sth. 保证… ensure that…=make sure that…=be sure that…=see to it that insure 强调“保险” ,名词为 insurance guarantee 指对事物的品质或人的行为“提出担保” 辨析: He assured me that he would help me. 他向我保证他会帮我。 This new treaty will ensure peace between the nations. 这项新条约一定会保证各国之间的和平相处。 Insurance companies will insure ships and their cargoes against loss at sea. 保险公司将给船和货物保海损险。 The watch is guaranteed for two years. 这只表保用两年。 assurance n. 保证 prep. 在…… at a distance at a loss at a time at one time at all costs = at any cost at any rate at best at ease at first sight at hand at heart at home at last26.展开 at 词组在一定距离 不知所措 一次 曾经 不惜一切代价 不管怎样 在最顺利条件下,说得再好也只是 (口令)稍息 一见面,第一眼 不远,快到,在身边 在内心里 在家;随便,无拘束;对…很熟练 (经过一段等待或曲折)最后,终于 at least at leisure at length at (the) most at once at one‘s fingertips at one‘s service at one‘s wit‘s end at present at random at sea at sixes and sevens at the end of at the corner of at the airport at the weekend at a quarter to five aim at shout at fire at smile at laugh at glare at stare at throw at wave at at half price at the speed of be good at/ be clever at/ be skilled at at the risk of at the same time at the top of one‘s voice at the start at times at will at work attach至少 有空闲,没事;从容地,慢慢地 最后;详细地,充分地 至多 立刻,马上 非常熟悉,精通 听候吩咐,为…服务;供使用 没主意了,计穷 目前,现在 随机地,胡乱地 茫然,不知所措 乱七八糟,意见分歧 在…末端 在角落 在机场 在周末 在四点三刻 旨在 冲…喊叫 朝…开火 朝…微笑 嘲笑 怒视 盯着…看 朝…扔东西 朝…挥手 半价 以…的速度 擅长于,精于 冒…的危险 同时 高声地 从一开始,开始时 有时候,间或 任意地,随意地 干活,起作用词组vt. fasten or join sth (to) sth 系,帖,连接; join sb/sth as a (sometimes unwelcome or uninvited) companion or member 使附属;使依恋,使喜爱; attribute sth to sth 认为有(重要性,责任等) attach oneself to (尤指短期地)使参加,使属于 attach to 使附属;系,连接 attach importance/ significance to 重视,认为…重要27 be/ become attached to喜欢,…依恋attempt v. /n make an effort to accomplish (sth); try to do (sth) 企图,试图,试图做 词组 attempt to do sth.= 试图做某事 make an attempt to do sth. attempt sth a vain attempt 妄想 attend 词组 v. go regularly to (a place); be present at 出席,参加 attend to 照顾;处理,办理;专心于,致力于 pay attention to 注意 draw one‘s attention 吸引注意 stand at attention 立正站着 attention n. 注意,注意力 attentive adj. 注意的,关心别人的 attentively adv. 注意地,专注地 态度,看法,姿态 对...的态度展开attitude n. way of thinking or behaving 词组 attitude to / towards attract 词组 展开vt. pull (sth) towards itself/ oneself by unseen force 吸引,引起 attract one‘s attention 引起某人的注意 tourist attractions 旅游胜地 attraction n. 具有吸引力的事物 attractive adj. 吸引人的,招人喜爱的attribute vt regard sth as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb/ sth . 把...归因于,把(过错,责任等)归于 n. quality regarded as a natural or typical part of sb/ sth 属性,特性 词组 attribute… to=owe… to 把...归功于;把...归因于 audience n. group of people who have gathered together to hear or watch sb/ sth 听众,观众 词组 a large /small audience 众多观众,观众少 例句 There was a large audience in the hall. The audience are lost in the music. 大厅里观众很多,他们都投入在音乐声中. available 词组 例句 adj. (of things) that can be used or obtained 可以得到的, 可以使用的; 有效的; (of people) free to be seen, talked to, etc (指人)可以找,可以用 (sth. ) be available to (sb.) (某人)可获得, (某人)可得到 with sth. available 有...可用 There was no hotel available to us for the night. 我们找不到旅馆过夜。 This ticket is available in all parks. 这张票各公园通用。 If I am not available, you can ask him for help. 如果找不到我,可让他帮忙。28 average adj. standard or level regarded as usual 词组 average height and weight average number average student with average intellect above the average on average avoid 词组 vt. keep oneself away from (sb/sth) avoid sb.‘s company avoid doing sth.中等的;平常的;平均的 中等身材 平均数 智力平常的普通学生 在一般水平以上 平均,通常避免 避免和某人来往 避免做某事await awakevt. (of a person) wait for (sb./sth )等待 = wait for adj. (awoke, awoke 或 awaked) not asleep 醒着的 vt. (cause a person or an animal) to stop sleeping 唤醒,叫醒 vi. 醒,觉醒,意识到 awake or asleep 醒着还是睡着 I shall awake my son. 叫醒我的儿子。 I awoke from a deep sleep. 从沉睡中醒来。 awake awaken wake waken 1.这四个词中,wake 最为常用,也只有 wake 可与 up 连用,等于 awake 2.表示“醒来” ,最好用 wake (up ),或 awake, 不要用 waken 或 awaken 3.在被动态中, “被唤醒”一般用 wakened 或 awakened. He was awakened /wakened by the noise. 他被噪音惊醒。 4.比喻说法中的“觉醒” , “被唤起”多用 awake (vi) 和 awaken(vt) The national spirit awoke 民族精神觉醒了。 vt. make an official decision to give sth to sb as a prize, as payment or as a punishement 授予,颁发 (后常接奖金,奖章之类的名词) n. thing or amount awarded 奖,奖品;奖状 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 授予某人...奖 a literature award 文学奖 an Oscar Award 奥斯卡奖 award reward reward 强调“报答,酬谢” reward sb. with sth. for sth. 因某事而酬谢某人 A reward will be paid to whoever gives useful information. 任何提供信息的人都会被给予报酬。 He was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics for his great discovery. 因为他在物理方面的伟大发现,他被授予诺贝尔物理奖。 adj. having knowledge or realization of sb/ sth 意识到 be aware of 知道,明白;觉察到,意识到辨析award词组辨析aware 词组29 awareness away 词组n. 意识,觉悟adv. 向远处,离开;向另一方向,向一边 right away 立刻,马上 put away 收拾好,保存 away from 离 give away 背弃,使泄露; 或指婚礼中父亲把女儿交给新郎 get away from 摆脱,逃避 do away with 消灭,取消,废除 n. part of the surface of an object that is furest from the front 背部;背面,反面 adj. situated behind 后面的 adv. towards or at the rear 向后 v. move backwards 支持;后退 back and forth 来回地 lie on one‘s back 仰卧 at the back of = in the back of 在…后面 back to back 背靠背 back out 退出,撒手 back up (使)倒退 back down 放弃,后退 hold back 踌躇不前;控制住 keep back 保留(未讲) ;忍住眼泪 look back 回顾,回想起 trace back to 追溯到 adv. to a great extent I need your help badly. The car is badly in need of repair. He is badly ill. badly off 严重到;非常地 我非常需要你的帮助。 这辆车急需修理。 他病得很重。 贫困的,境况不好的,反义词:well off 平衡,均衡 使平衡,使均衡 生态平衡 膳食平衡 保持平衡 失衡back词组badly 例句balance n. even distribution of weight vt. keep or put (sth) in a state of balance 词组 the balance of nature balanced meal keep balance lose one‘s balance band n.词组group of people playing esp wind instruments 乐队;orgazined group of people doing sth together with a common purpose 群,伙;thin flat strip 带,带状物; range of wavelengths within specified limits 波段,频带 a band of robbers 一群强盗30 rubber bands a three-band radio bar橡皮筋 三波段收音机n. room in a hotel, public house, etc in which such drinks are served 酒吧; (a) piece of solid material n.. 条, 块; narrow piece of wood or metal placed (often paralled to others in a grid) as an obstacle in a doorway, window, etc, or to act as a grate in a fire, furnace, etc (门,窗等的)闩,栅栏 vt. fasten ( a door, gate, etc ) with a bar 闩(门,窗等) ,在…设栅栏 词组 snack bar 快餐厅,小吃店 parallel bar 双杠 a bar of soup/ chocolate/ gold/ iron 一条肥皂,巧克力,金条,铁条 a barred window 带栅栏的窗 behind bars 在监狱中 bare adj. without clothing 赤裸的;无遮盖的 vt. uncover sth, reveal 暴露,露出 词组 in bare feet 赤脚 a bare hill 一座光秃的小山 earn a bare living 仅能糊口 a room bare of furniture 无家具的房间 a bare possibility 绝无仅有的可能性 辨析 bare naked naked 指人时常表示全裸,用于物时指缺少必需的遮盖 bare 指人时指一部分裸露,用于物指没有遮盖 Naked babies are playing on the floor. 孩子们光着身子在地板上玩。 I saw the boy running with bare feet. 我看到那个孩子光着脚跑。 展开 barely adv. 仅仅,几乎不 barely had… when = hardly had… when 一…就 bargain n. agreement in which both or all sides promise to do sth for each other (买卖等双方 的)协议,交易;thing bought or sold for less than its usual price 便宜货 vi. discuss (with sb) prices, terms of trade, etc with the aim of buying or selling goods, or changing conditions, on terms thaqt are favourable to oneself 讨价还价 结构 A bargain is a bargain 协议总是协议。 It‘s a really bargain 真便宜。 make a bargain with sb. about sth. 与…讨价还价 bargain for/ on 企图廉价获取 base 词组 place at which armed forces, expediditons, etc have their stores n.基础,基地 use sth as grounds, evidence, etc for sth else vt. 依…为根据 a missile base 军事基地 base……on/upon… 把…建立在…基础上 basic necessities of life 生活的基本需求 basic adj. 基本的31展开 basis 词组 辨析n. main principle that underlies sth.; foundation 基础,根据,前提 on the basis of 根据,以…为基础 base basis foundation base 指具体的“基地” ,特别是军事或工业方面的基地 basis 指“根据” , “基础” ,多用于比喻义 foundation 与 basis 大体同义,但更具体,通常指建筑物的地基,也可引申为“根 据”讲 The farmers form the basis of a nation. 农民乃国家之本。 The city will become an important industrial base of our country. 这个城市将成为我国一个重要的工业基地。 The report had no foundation/ basis. 该报道没有根据。 n. stretch of sand or pebbles along the edge of the sea or a lake 海滨,海滩 the open beach 空旷的海滩 on the beach 在海滩上 beach bank coast shore beach 意为“海(河,湖)滩,指受潮水冲刷而形成的有细纱或卵石覆盖的平缓的 斜坡 bank 意为“河岸,堤岸” ,指河流两旁高出水面的地方 coast 意为“海岸,海岸线” ,是地理名词,指海洋和陆地的分界线,有清晰的边 界概念,不能指河岸或湖岸 shore 意为“岸,滨” ,含义较广,可指围绕海洋,河流及湖泊旁边的陆地,含有 与水相对的意味。 My hometown is on the bank of the Yellow River.我的家乡在黄河沿岸。 lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上 coast cities 沿海城市 coast line 海岸线 make for the seashore 靠岸 vt. (bore, borne/ born) endure (sth); stand 忍受,忍耐; take (respnsibilty, etc) shoulder 负担,承担; support sb/ sustain 承受,支承; show(sth); display 带有,怀有;写(或刻,印)有 give birth to 结(果实) ,生孩子; bear hardships 忍受困苦 bear doing/ can‘t bear to do 忍受做某事/难以忍受… bear the cost/ responsibility 承担费用/责任 bear the weight 支撑重量 bear a baby 怀着孩子 bear fruit 结果 bear scars/ signature/ date 有伤疤(签名) (日期) bear/ keep sth. in mind 牢记 bear in mind that 牢记32beach 词组 辨析bear词组 be born in be born for business be born into a poor family be born of Jewish parents be born with musical talent a born cook beat n.出生于 生来做生意的 出生贫寒 犹太出生 天生有音乐天赋 天生的厨师词组辨析辨析stroke (eg on a drum) or regular sound of this (音乐的)拍子;节拍 vt. win against sb 打;打败 vi. (of the heart) expand and contract rhythmical (心脏等的)跳动 beat sb. black and blue 打得某人浑身青紫 the city beat 城市节拍 the beat of the drum 击鼓声 beat down (太阳等)强烈地照射下来;打倒,平息 beat win beat 是“击败,打败”之意,指在战斗,竞赛等方面彻底战胜对方。做此解时, 它是及物动词,宾语一般是人,对手和军队等。 win 是“赢得,获胜”之意,指在战斗,竞赛等方面打败对方后取得胜利。它可做 及物动词也可做不及物动词, 宾语是比赛, 战役, 胜利等。 如果是 win sb. over, 意思是“把…争取过来” 。 win a war 赢得战争 win the victory 赢得胜利 beat the opponent 击败对手 beat their team 击败他们队 beat hit strike beat 指“连续不停地打击” 。它可指太阳,风,雨的“射,吹,打” ,心和脉搏的“跳 动。 hit 指重重地打击,侧重“打中” 。它还可表示“撞击” ,及“达到(某水平) ”等 strike 用途最广。钟打点,只能用 strike。它还常用于比喻意义,如“给…以深刻 印象” “灾难袭击” “突然想到”等。 The rain was beating against the window. 雨拍打着窗。 His head hit against the wall. 他的头撞到了墙。 The number once hit 8 million. 数字一度曾达 8 百万。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热. 打铁 It struck me that… 我突然想到 When evening came, we were struck by a snowstorm 夜晚降临的时候,我们遭遇了暴风雨 The beauty of the lake struck everybody present. 美打动了在场的每一位。because conj. for the reason that 因为 词组 because of 由于,因为 辨析 because since as for because “因为” ,一般放在主句后,表示直接的原因和理由。 since “既然” ,是一种“附带原因” ,表示事物关系上的自然结果,往往放在句首, 相当于 now that33 as“由于” ,比上两个更弱,多用在日常谈话中 for“因为” ,表示的是附加的理由,推断的理由,只能放在主句后。 The oil must be out, for the light went out. 油一定没了,因为灯灭了。 bed 词组 n. thing to rest or sleep on 床 go to bed lie in bed make the bed(s) put/ see sb. to bed take to one‘s bed上床睡觉 躺在床上 铺床 安顿(打发)…睡觉 生病卧床before 结构辨析prep./ adv./ conj. earlier than (sb/sth) 在…之前,从前 It won‘t/wasn‘t be long before… 不久…就 It will be/was long before… 很久…才 It will be two months before I graduate. 过两个月我就毕业了。 It was long before he realized what had happened. 过了好一会,他才弄明白发生了什么。 before long long before before long “不}

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