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你可能喜欢直接引语和间接引语的区别？
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”．直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）．那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢？
1、人称的转变
1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：
He said，“I am very sorry.” --＞He said that he was very sorry.
2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：
“You should be more careful next time，” my father told me.--＞
My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称．如：
She said to her son， “I'll check your homework tonight.” --＞
She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：
He asked me， “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon？” --＞
He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑．
2、时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
其它回答（28条）
加一个宾语进去
“I am very glad to visit your school”， she said. --＞
She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said， “We are listening to the pop music.” --＞
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
Mother asked， “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV？” --＞
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
He asked the conductor， “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus？” --＞
He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
“Why did she refuse to go there？” the teacher asked. --＞
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
Mother asked me， “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV？” --＞
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
Tom said， “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” --＞
Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.
He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.” --＞
He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况
1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：
He always says， “I am tired out.” --＞He always says that he is tired out.
2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：
He will say， “I’ll try my best to help you.” --＞He will say that he will try his best to help me.
3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said， “I went to college in 1994.” --＞He told us that he went to college in 1994.
4）当直接引语中有以when， while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：
He said，“When I was a child， I usually played football after school.” --＞
He said that when he was a child， he usually played football after school.
5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：
Our teacher said to us， “Light travels faster than sound.” --＞
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：
He said，“Practice makes perfect.” --＞He said that practice makes perfect.
7）当直接引语中有情态动词should， would， could， had better， would rather， might， must， ought to， used to， need时，如：
The doctor said， “You'd better drink plenty of water.” --＞
The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
He said， “She must be a teacher.”--＞ He said that she must be a teacher.
He said， “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”--＞
He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
The teacher said， “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”--＞
The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.
She asked， “Must I take the medicine？”--＞ She asked if she had to take the medicine.
〔注〕：此处用had to代替must更好
8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there， 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday， tomorrow， this afternoon等均不必改变．如：
Teacher： You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student ： What did the teacher say， Monitor？
Monitor： He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
1）时间状语：
直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语
now （then）； tomorrow （the next / following day ）
today （that day）； next week （the next / following week / month / year）
yesterday（the day before） two days ago（ two days before ）
last week /month/ year （the week/month/ year before） this week/month/year （that week/month/ year）
2）指示代词：these 变成those
3）地点状语：here变成there
She said， “I won't come here any more.”--＞ She said that she wouldn’t go there any more..
4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take
5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
1）陈述句．用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略．主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said， 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that， said to sb. that， told sb. that，不可直接说told that， 如：
He said， “I have been to the Great Wall.” --＞He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said， “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”--＞
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）
此外主句中的谓语还常有：
repeat， whisper， answer， reply， explain， announce， declare， think等，又如：
He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”--＞ He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.
如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱．
The doctor said， “You are not seriously ill， You will be better soon.”--＞
The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要．
He said， “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation？”--＞
He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said， “You are interested in English， aren't you？”--＞
He asked whether I was interested in English.
3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如：
He asked， “Do you speak English or French？”--＞
He asked me whether I spoke English or French..
I asked， “Will you take bus or take train？”--＞
I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序 5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask， advise， tell， warn， order， request等．如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化．6）有些含有“建议”--＞、“劝告”--＞的祈使句，可用suggest， insist， offer等动词转述，如：
He said， “Let's have a rest.”--＞ He suggested our having a rest.
He said， “Let me help you.”--＞ He offered to help me. 7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述．
如何变句型
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句．如：She said， “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said， “Can you swim， John？“ →He asked John if he could swim.
“You have finished the homework， haven‘t you？“ my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
“Do you go to school by bus or by bike？“ →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）．
She asked me， “When do they have their dinner？“→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell（ask， order， beg等） sb （not） to do sth.“句型．如：
“Don’t make any noise，“ she said to the children. →She told （ordered） the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea， please，“ said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）．”如：
He said， “Let’s go to the film.“ →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语．
*直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：
He said，“I am very sorry.” --＞He said that he was very sorry. 直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变He always says， “I am tired out.” --＞He always says that he is tired out. 若直接引语的动词为一般现在时，间接引语的动词时态与主陈述句一致．例：He said， “I'm hungry.“---＞ He said he was hungry.
He says，“I will go.“--＞ He says he will go. 若直接引语的动词为过去时，间接引语的动词为一般完成时．例；He said，“I was hungry.“--＞He sald he has been hungry..若直接引语的动词为一般完成时，间接引语的动词为过去完成时．例：He says，“I've been to China twice.“--＞ He says he had been to China twice.
（1） My mother told me， “You should finish your homework first， then you can play with your friends.”答：&My mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends.（2） Our teacher said， “Class is over， we should have a rest.”答：Our teacher said class was over and we should have a rest.
如：My mother says：“you are hard-working!“My mother said I was hard-working
一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新是科学真理的话时态不变
像she said：“I am studying Chinese．”直接间接she said that she was studying Chinese
首先把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，在主动语态里，找出一个句子，看剩下的句子，缺什么成分，再根据这个，选填什么词
May I ask a question？ She asked.She asked whether she can ask a question.
直接引语：She said“I want to be a teacher.“&&&&&&&&&&&&& 间接引语：She said that she wanted to&be a teaher.&& 也就是说，在直接引语变为间接引语时，一随主．二随宾，第三人称不更新
这个简单 & &这个里面需要改变人称 时间等．还要加that & &比如&直接引语 I have to do my homework间接引语 She says she has to do her homework
比如“We arrested &the jewel thief yesterday ，“said the detective.那么可以说the detective said that they had arrested the jewel thief the day before
把直接引语该成间接引语时，引语的时态通常通常也需改动，我们常见的是现在改成过去（现在时--过去时，现在进行时--过去进行时，现在完成时--过去完成时），但这并不意味着直接引语改成间接引语时，每种时态都有固定的变化规定． 直接引语改间接引语时，唯一应该记住的原则是：引用者须站在引用原句的当时这个时间点上，对引语所述的内容重新进行语法上的时态审视，从而确定出间接引语的时态．& He said “I am a student“.-- 他说“我是个学生”． “I am a student” 是直接引语．如果这句话是三年前说的，而我现在用间接引语方式提起此事，我当然要说： He said he was a student. 因为我现在认为如果他那时是学生的话，现在很大可能不再是了． 但引语内容发生在昨天，我今天复述，我就可以说： He said he is a student. 因为如果他昨天是学生，八成今天还是． 打字很费时间，无法多写．希望有点用．
she said，“I AM READING.“SHE SAIDTHAT SHE WAS READING.
当主语的谓语动词是一般过去式时，直接引语变间接引语，一般现在时---一般过去时
其实英语书后面有的
He said，“I will go to her party.“He said，he would go to her party
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整． 现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态．如： 1）She said. “I have lost a pen.“→She said she had lost a pen 2）She said. “We hope so.“→She said they hoped so. 3） She said. “He will go to see his friend．“→She said he would go to see his friend． 但要注意在以下几种情况下．在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化． ①直接引语是客观真理． “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth， the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth． ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变．如： Jack said. “John， where were you going when I met you in the street？“→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street． ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变．如： Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l， 1980．“ →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20， 1980． ④直接引语如果是一般现在时．表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变．如： He said， “I get up at six every morning．“ →He said he gets up at six every morning． ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better， used to）和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could， should， would， might）不再变．如： Peter said. “You had better come have today．“ →Peter said I had better go there that day．
1、人称：一主二宾三不变2、引导词3、时态4、语序：陈述语序
例如：直接引语：”I water flowers.“ 间接引语：“She said that she watered flowers.“一般现在时 一般过去时&一般过去时 过去完成时&现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时&过去完成时 过去完成时&过去进行时 过去进行时&一般将来时 过去将来时
比如She said，you are well转化为She said I was well
he said “I'm hungry“&&& he said that he was hungry
my& mother say：“I'OK“& 变换之后&&& my& mother& said& she is OK
&&&&，V2.17943在英语里,直接引语变成间接引语应怎么变
引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语.间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句.直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序等.　　1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that 引导.例如：　　She said,“I am very happy to be with you.” →She said (that) she was very happy to be with me.　　He said,“I will choose a book for my students.” →He said(that)he would choose a book for his students.　　2.直接引语是一般疑问句时,变成间接引语,由连词whether或if 引导.例如：　　He asked me,“Do you like watching TV?”→He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.　　He asked,“Are you sure your mother will come?”→He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would come.　　注意：大多数情况下,if和whether 在引导宾语从句时可以互换,但后紧跟or not时,一般只用whether.例如：　　She asked me whether or not he could do the work./ She asked me whether he could do the work or not.　　3.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的连接词who,whom,what,whose,how,when,why,where 等引导.例如：　　He asked:“Where are you to get off,John?” →He asked John where he was to get off.　　My sister asked me,“How do you like the play?”→My sister asked me how I liked the play.　　Tom asked me,“Who is the boy over there?”→Tom asked me,“Who was the boy over there?”　　4.直接引语是祈使句,其间接引语由主语+动词ask(委婉语气),tell(一般语气),order (命令语气)或warn,advise等+复合宾语(名/代词+动词不定式)构成.如：　　He said,“Please come here again tomorrow.”→He asked me to go there again the next day.　　“Be careful with the dog.”→He warned me to be careful with the dog.　　5.直接引语变间接引语时,如果引述动词为过去式,需注意时态的变化：如：　　1) Betty said,“Lingling is singing in the classroom now.” 现在进行时→　　Betty said Lingling was singing in the class room then.-过去进行时　　2) He said,“I will go to London next week.” 一般将来时→　　He said he would go to London next week.过去将来时　　3) My mother said,“I have already cleaned the house.” 现在完成时→　　My mother said she had already cleaned the house.过去完成时　　注意:　　1.直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,主句尽管是过去时态,变成间接引语时,时态仍然用一般现在时态.例如：　　They told their son,“The earth goes round the sun.”→They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.　　2.直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化.如：this→that,these→those,now→then,today→that day,yesterday→the day before,last year→the year before,ago→before,here→there come→go等.例如：　　He said,“I haven’t seen them today.” →He said that he hadn’t seen them that day.　　但是,如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方,或在说话的当天,就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等.总之,对这些变化不能机械理解,应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化.　　3.间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序.
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一、时态的变化　　直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即一般现在时变为一般过去时，一般将来时变为过去将来时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，现在完成时变为过去完成时，一般过去时也变为过去完成时，等等(若直接引语为过去完成时，变为间接引语可以不变)。另外，若直接引语中有情态动词can, may等，也应变成过去式could, might等(情态动词must可以变为had to，也可不变，should, ought to, had better 等可以不变)。如：　　“I like to watch TV,” she said. 她说：“我喜欢看电视。”　　→She said that she liked to watch TV. 她说她喜欢看电视。　　He said, “I’m waiting for her.” 他说：“我在等她。”　　→He said that he was waiting for her. 他说他在等她。　　“It will rain soon,” he said. 他说：“很快就会下雨。”　　→He said that it would rain soon. 他说很快就会下雨。　　“She can swim,” he said. 他说：“她会游泳。”　　→He said that she could swim. 他说她会游泳。　　注意：(1) 若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变：　　The teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.” 老师说：“地球绕着太阳转。”　　→The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。　　(2) 有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时时态也可不变：　　He said, “ was born in 1954.” 他说：“我是1954年生的。”　　→He said that he was born in 1954. 他说他是1954年生的。　　二、时间状语的变化　　直接引语变间接引语时，有些时间状语根据情况也要相应的改动：如将now改为then，将today 改为that day，将tonight改为that night，将yesterday改为the day before，将this month改为that month，将last week改为the week before，将three years ago改为three years before，将tomorrow改为the next day，将next year改为the next year，等等。如：　　He said, “I’m very busy now.” 他说：“我现在很忙。”　　→He said that he was very busy then. 他说他当时很忙。　　He said, “I want to leave today.” 他说：“他想今天离开。”　　→He said that he wanted to leave that day. 他说他想那天就离开。　　He said, “She left yesterday.” 他说：“她昨天离开了。”　　→He said that she had left the day before. 他说她前一天就离开了。　　She said, “I’ll tell you tomorrow.” 她说：“我明天告诉你。”　　→She said that she would tell me the next day. 她说她第二天告诉我。　　以上变化有时应视情况而定，若在当时转述，now不必改为then；若在当天转述，today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改为that day, the day before, the next day等；若在当周转述，this week, last week 不必改为that week, the last week；若在当年转述，this year, last year 不必改为that year, the last year等
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