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Total Zone Data
The total zone data presented
here was designed and calculated by Sean Smith ().
Sean has produced, in our opinion, the finest defensive metrics around
utilizing play-by-play data.
These measurements compare favorably
with direct observation techniques such as Ultimate Zone Rating and
Plus/Minus.
Since these use play-by-play data, we can apply them to
seasons all the way back to the dawn of the retrosheet era.
Sean's explanation of what is included on the site:
Total Zone Runs
There are three methods used to calculate the range portion of
TotalZone, and depend on how much data is available from the
Retrosheet files.
The first is used when there is limited information
on who fielded each hit, and whether the hits were grounders, flies,
line drives, or popups.
For most games, I have information on which fielder makes each out,
and the batted ball type.
Without information on the hits, I have to
make an estimate.
I look at each batter's career rates of
outs by position.
For example, if 30% of a batter's outs are
hit to shortstop, then every time that batter gets a hit the shortstop
is charged 0.3 hits.
Repeat for every position.
I look at batting
against righthanded and lefthanded pitching separately, as switch
hitters will have very different ball in play distributions depending
on which side of the plate they hit from.
I sum the fractional hits
for every fielder, combine with plays made and errors, and get a
totalzone.
This is then park adjusted, and converted to runs.
method is used for all seasons before 1989, and for the dark years of
2000 to 2002.
The second method is used when hits are coded with a batted ball
type and we know who fielded each.
The responsibility for ground ball
singles hit to left field is split between the third baseman and
shortstop, for center field it is between the shortstop and second
baseman, and for right field, the second and first basemen.
Groundball extra base hits are charged to the first or third baseman.
Outfielders are charged with line drive and fly ball hits that they
The responsibility split between infielders was originally
50/50, but has been refined based on more detailed analysis.
to left are charged 60/40 to third and short, to center it is 52/48
between short and second, and to right it is 55/45 first base/second
Players are compared to league average for specific parameters,
such as batted ball type (for outfielders, line drives are much harder
to field), pitcher and batter handedness, and for infielders, whether
or not there is a runner on first.
Results are park adjusted and
converted to runs.
This method has been used for years 2003 to 2008.
Finally, for years 1989 to 1999 Retrosheet includes the project
scoresheet zones.
This allows more detailed assignment of hits, and
when comparing to the league average, I compare to the league average
for that particular zone to account for difficulty.
Runs estimates are constant using run values from recent seasons.
While this may overestimate the value of a hit saved in seasons with a
low offensive context, it does allow us to compare fielders from
different eras.
Other Data
Outfield arm, Infielder double play, and catcher data are the same
for all seasons.
Outfield Arms
For outfield arms, I look at an outfielder's rate of
holding, allowing advancement, and throwing out baserunners compared
to league average for several situations.
The situations include
runners tagging from bases, advancing first to third or second to home
on singles, and first to home on doubles.
It also accounts for
miscellaneous assists (batter out at first, or trying to advance) and
advancement errors.
Double Plays
Infield double plays look at DP rate when there is a runner on
first, less than two out, and a groundball that is fielded by an
infielder. Rates are compared to league averages and converted to runs.
Catcher Data
Catcher data looks at stolen bases allowed, caught stealing,
errors, pickoffs, passed balls, and wild pitches.
I split the data by
pitcher handedness (otherwise a catcher will look better if he catches
more lefthanders than normal.)
Once again, everything is compared to
league averages and converted to runs.
Total Defense
Total defense would then be the sum of the above calculations.
Note that these values are relative to average rather than relative to
a replacement level.
--Sean Smith
Copyright &
All rights reserved.
for time of last update
Much of the play-by-play, game results, and transaction information
both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of
charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet.
Expectancy, Run Expectancy, and Leverage Index calculations provided by Tom Tango of , and
co-author of . Total Zone Rating and Wins above Replacement calculations
provided by Sean Smith of . Full-year
historical Major League statistics provided by Pete Palmer and Gary
Gillette of .
Some defensive statistics Copyright BIS,
.Some high school data is courtesy David McWater.Many historical player head
shots courtesy of David Davis.
Many thanks to him.
All images are property the copyright holder and are displayed here for informational purposes only.
Play Index
Loading Photos from the George Grantham
Bain Collection at the Library of Congress.
Part of the英语翻译How I've changed Only creative Gouwei The total sunshine after the rain in the Forgotten Thanks to poor I once read that the calm Mining confident Qingquan With you I have in mind teachers Sentiment father Learn to make a choice A warm and sincere applause of encouragement Left The pursuit of life is always flooded with more than Peach is open How many love to be re - The best touch of Harmonious colors "Passengers of mind" is a bold song M according to the blooming flowers of life wisdom Walking is a poetic soul to the enjoyment
如何我更改只有创造性沟尾总日照后雨忘记由于穷人我曾经看到过的平静挖掘自信清泉与您我想到的教师情绪的父亲了解做出选择表示热烈和诚挚的掌声鼓励左边追求生活总是充斥着多桃开放有多少爱重新- 最好的触摸和谐的色彩他说：“乘客的心”是一个大胆的歌曲M根据鲜花盛开的生活智慧散步是一种诗意的心灵的享受
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