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学年高中英语Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumourSectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage课时作业新人教版必修.doc 4页
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学年高中英语Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumourSectionⅢLearningaboutLanguage
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Unit 3　A taste of English humour
Section 　Learning about Language & Using LanguageⅠ.单句语法填空
1．He went to bed drunk (drink)，and when he woke up he found he still had his shoes on.
2．He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction (react)．
3．The moment the lights went off，the man grabbed the jewels on the counter and slid (slide) out of the store.
4．The businessman has achieved great success in his career，but as a father，he is a failure.
5．The earthquake left thousands of people homeless (home)．
6．The play was so humorous (humor) that the audience kept laughing when watching it.
7．According to my own understanding，a good teacher is also a good performer (perform) in class.
8．As he works in a remote area，he visits his parents only occasionally (occasional)．
9．With time going (go) by, we have a better understanding of things around us.
10．As the saying goes，“A good beginning is half the battle.”
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Mom calls to let me know she is waiting for me outside my company. I walk outside to talk with her for a while and see how things are going today. Each day is an adventure when it comes to my husband Jim, but Mom is his willing friend.
Mom parked the car in the shade of a pear tree with the window on the driver's side rolled down. Jim is in the passenger seat, I use a home health service, but they can't offer anyone full-time, Jim's disease has progressed to the point where he can't be left alone, so Mom has come to the rescue. She has other things to do, but willingly volunteers to spend 2-3 days a week filling in for the hired caregiver.
Our house is in the countryside. Therefore, one caregiver refused to come back one day after work. Of course, it creates a bad situation. If a caregiver doesn't show up or shows up late, Mom will come. She likes the loneliness that some of the hired workers dislike.
When I get home from work, we have dinner and Mom brings out her guitar. She sits on a kitchen chair, playing the guitar and sing
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The Divine Comedy
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&by DANTE ALIGHIERI&&&&()&&&&&&&&&&&&TRANSLATED BY&&&&HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW&&&&()&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Incipit Comoedia Dantis Alagherii,&&&&Florentini natione, non moribus.&&&&&&&&&&&&The Divine Comedy&&&&translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow&&&&&&&&&&&&INFERNO&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Inferno: Canto I&&&&&&&&&&&&Midway upon the journey of our life&&&&&&I found myself within a forest dark,&&&&&&For the straightforward pathway had been lost.&&&&&&&&Ah me! how hard a thing it is to say&&&&&&What was this forest savage, rough, and stern,&&&&&&Which in the very thought renews the fear.&&&&&&&&So bitter is it, &&&&&&But of the good to treat, which there I found,&&&&&&Speak will I of the other things I saw there.&&&&&&&&I cannot well repeat how there I entered,&&&&&&So full was I of slumber at the moment&&&&&&In which I had abandoned the true way.&&&&&&&&But after I had reached a mountain's foot,&&&&&&At that point where the valley terminated,&&&&&&Which had with consternation pierced my heart,&&&&&&&&Upward I looked, and I beheld its shoulders,&&&&&&Vested already with that planet's rays&&&&&&Which leadeth others right by every road.&&&&&&&&Then was the fear a little quieted&&&&&&That in my heart's lake had endured throughout&&&&&&The night, which I had passed so piteously.&&&&&&&&And even as he, who, with distressful breath,&&&&&&Forth issued from the sea upon the shore,&&&&&&Turns to the wate&&&&&&&&So did my soul, that still was fleeing onward,&&&&&&Turn itself back to re-behold the pass&&&&&&Which never yet a living person left.&&&&&&&&After my weary body I had rested,&&&&&&The way resumed I on the desert slope,&&&&&&So that the firm foot ever was the lower.&&&&&&&&And lo! almost where the ascent began,&&&&&&A panther light and swift exceedingly,&&&&&&Which with a spotted skin was covered o'er!&&&&&&&&And never moved she from before my face,&&&&&&Nay, rather did impede so much my way,&&&&&&That many times I to return had turned.&&&&&&&&The time was the beginning of the morning,&&&&&&And up the sun was mounting with those stars&&&&&&That with him were, what time the Love Divine&&&&&&&&At first in motion set th&&&&&&So were to me occasion of good hope,&&&&&&The variegated skin of that wild beast,&&&&&&&&The hour of time, and &&&&&&But not so much, that did not give me fear&&&&&&A lion's aspect which appeared to me.&&&&&&&&He seemed as if against me he were coming&&&&&&With head uplifted, and with ravenous hunger,&&&&&&So that it seemed the a&&&&&&&&And a she-wolf, that with all hungerings&&&&&&Seemed to be laden in her meagreness,&&&&&&And many folk has caused to live forlorn!&&&&&&&&She brought upon me so much heaviness,&&&&&&With the affright that from her aspect came,&&&&&&That I the hope relinquished of the height.&&&&&&&&And as he is who willingly acquires,&&&&&&And the time comes that causes him to lose,&&&&&&Who weeps in all his thoughts and is despondent,&&&&&&&&E'en such made me that beast withouten peace,&&&&&&Which, coming on against me by degrees&&&&&&Thrust me back thither where the sun is silent.&&&&&&&&While I was rushing downward to the lowland,&&&&&&Before mine eyes did one present himself,&&&&&&Who seemed from long-continued silence hoarse.&&&&&&&&When I beheld him in the desert vast,&&&&&&&Have pity on me,& unto him I cried,&&&&&&&Whiche'er thou art, or shade or real man!&&&&&&&&&He answered me: &N man once I was,&&&&&&And both my parents were of Lombardy,&&&&&&And Mantuans by country both of them.&&&&&&&&'Sub Julio' was I born, though it was late,&&&&&&And lived at Rome under the good Augustus,&&&&&&During the time of false and lying gods.&&&&&&&&A poet was I, and I sang that just&&&&&&Son of Anchises, who came forth from Troy,&&&&&&After that Ilion the superb was burned.&&&&&&&&But thou, why goest thou back to such annoyance?&&&&&&Why climb'st thou not the Mount Delectable,&&&&&&Which is the source and cause of every joy?&&&&&&&&&&Now, art thou that Virgilius and that fountain&&&&&&Which spreads abroad so wide a river of speech?&&&&&&&I made response to him with bashful forehead.&&&&&&&&&O, of the other poets honour and light,&&&&&&Avail me the long study and great love&&&&&&That have impelled me to explore thy volume!&&&&&&&&Thou art my master, and my author thou,&&&&&&Thou art alone the one from whom I took&&&&&&The beautiful style that has done honour to me.&&&&&&&&Behold the beast, for which I&&&&&&Do thou protect me from her, famous Sage,&&&&&&For she doth make my veins and pulses tremble.&&&&&&&&&&Thee it behoves to take another road,&&&&&&&Responded he, when he beheld me weeping,&&&&&&&If from this savage place&&&&&&&&Because this beast, at which thou criest out,&&&&&&Suffers not any one to pass her way,&&&&&&But so doth harass him, t&&&&&&&&And has a nature so malign and ruthless,&&&&&&That never doth she glut her greedy will,&&&&&&And after food is hungrier than before.&&&&&&&&Many the animals with whom she weds,&&&&&&And more they shall be still, until the Greyhound&&&&&&Comes, who shall make her perish in her pain.&&&&&&&&He shall not feed on either earth or pelf,&&&&&&But upon wisdom, an&&&&&&'Twixt Feltro and Feltro&&&&&&&&Of that low Italy shall he be the saviour,&&&&&&On whose account the maid Camilla died,&&&&&&Euryalus, Turnus, Nisus,&&&&&&&&Through every city shall he hunt her down,&&&&&&Until he shall have driven her back to Hell,&&&&&&There from whence envy first did let her loose.&&&&&&&&Therefore I think and judge it for thy best&&&&&&Thou follow me, and I will be thy guide,&&&&&&And lead thee hence through the eternal place,&&&&&&&&Where thou shalt hear the desperate lamentations,&&&&&&Shalt see the ancient spirits disconsolate,&&&&&&Who cry out each one &&&&&&&&And thou shalt see those who contented are&&&&&&Within the fire, because they hope to come,&&&&&&Whene'er it may be, t&&&&&&&&To whom, then, if thou wishest to ascend,&&&&&&A soul shall be for that than I&&&&&&With her at my departure I&&&&&&&&Because that Emperor, who reigns above,&&&&&&In that I was rebellious to his law,&&&&&&Wills that through me none come into his city.&&&&&&&&He governs everywhere,&&&&&&There is his city &&&&&&O happy he whom thereto he elects!&&&&&&&&&And I to him: &Poet, I thee entreat,&&&&&&By that same God whom thou didst never know,&&&&&&So that I may escape this woe and worse,&&&&&&&&Thou wouldst conduct me there where thou hast said,&&&&&&That I may see the portal of Saint Peter,&&&&&&And those thou makest so disconsolate.&&&&&&&&&Then he moved on, and I behind him followed.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Inferno: Canto II&&&&&&&&&&&&Day was departing, and the embrowned air&&&&&&Released the animals that are on earth&&&&&&F and I the only one&&&&&&&&Made myself ready to sustain the war,&&&&&&Both of the way and likewise of the woe,&&&&&&Which memory that errs not shall retrace.&&&&&&&&O Muses, O high genius, now assist me!&&&&&&O memory, that didst write down what I saw,&&&&&&Here thy nobility shall be manifest!&&&&&&&&And I began: &Poet, who guidest me,&&&&&&Regard my manhood, if it be sufficient,&&&&&&Ere to the arduous pass thou dost confide me.&&&&&&&&Thou sayest, that of Silvius the parent,&&&&&&While yet corruptible, unto the world&&&&&&Immortal went, and was there bodily.&&&&&&&&But if the adversary of all evil&&&&&&Was courteous, thinking of the high effect&&&&&&That issue would from him, and who, and what,&&&&&&&&To men of intellect&&&&&&For he was of great Rome, and of her empire&&&&&&In the empyreal hea&&&&&&&&The which and what, wishing to speak the truth,&&&&&&Were stablished as the holy place, wherein&&&&&&Sits the successor of the greatest Peter.&&&&&&&&Upon this journey, whence thou givest him vaunt,&&&&&&Things did he hear, which the occasion were&&&&&&Both of his victory and the papal mantle.&&&&&&&&Thither went afterwards the Chosen Vessel,&&&&&&To bring back comfort thence unto that Faith,&&&&&&Which of salvation's way is the beginning.&&&&&&&&But I, why thither come, or who concedes it?&&&&&&I not Aeneas am, I am not Paul,&&&&&&Nor I, nor others, think me worthy of it.&&&&&&&&Therefore, if I resign myself to come,&&&&&&I fear the coming may be ill-&&&&&&Thou'rt wise, and knowest better than I speak.&&&&&&&&&And as he is, who unwills what he willed,&&&&&&And by new thoughts doth his intention change,&&&&&&So that from his design he quite withdraws,&&&&&&&&Such I became, upon that dark hillside,&&&&&&Because, in thinking, I consumed the emprise,&&&&&&Which was so very prompt in the beginning.&&&&&&&&&If I have well thy language understood,&&&&&&&Replied that shade of the Magnanimous,&&&&&&&Thy soul attainted is with cowardice,&&&&&&&&Which many times a man encumbers so,&&&&&&It turns him back from honoured enterprise,&&&&&&As false sight doth a beast, when he is shy.&&&&&&&&That thou mayst free thee from this apprehension,&&&&&&I'll tell thee why I came, and what I heard&&&&&&At the first moment when I grieved for thee.&&&&&&&&Among those was I who are in suspense,&&&&&&And a fair, saintly Lady called to me&&&&&&In such wise, I besought her to command me.&&&&&&&&Her eyes where shining brighter than the S&&&&&&And she began to say, gentle and low,&&&&&&With voice angelical, in her own language:&&&&&&&&'O spirit courteous of Mantua,&&&&&&Of whom the fame still in the world endures,&&&&&&And shall endure, long-&&&&&&&&A friend of mine, and not the friend of fortune,&&&&&&Upon the desert slope is so impeded&&&&&&Upon his way, that he has turned through terror,&&&&&&&&And may, I fear, already be so lost,&&&&&&That I too late have risen to his succour,&&&&&&From that which I have heard of him in Heaven.&&&&&&&&Bestir thee now, and with thy speech ornate,&&&&&&And with what needful is for his release,&&&&&&Assist him so, that I may be consoled.&&&&&&&&Beatrice am I,&&&&&&I come from there, where I&&&&&&Love moved me, which compelleth me to speak.&&&&&&&&When I shall be in presence of my Lord,&&&&&&Full often will I praise thee unto him.'&&&&&&Then paused she, and thereafter I began:&&&&&&&&'O Lady of virtue, thou alone through whom&&&&&&The human race exceedeth all contained&&&&&&Within the heaven that has the lesser circles,&&&&&&&&So grateful unto me is thy commandment,&&&&&&To obey, if 'twere already done,&&&&&&No farther need'st thou ope to me thy wish.&&&&&&&&But the cause tell me why thou dost not shun&&&&&&The here descending down into this centre,&&&&&&From the vast place thou burnest to return to.'&&&&&&&&'Since thou wouldst fain so inwardly discern,&&&&&&Briefly will I relate,' she answered me,&&&&&&'Why I am not afraid to enter here.&&&&&&&&Of those things only should one be afraid&&&&&&Which have the power &&&&&&Of the rest, because they are not fearful.&&&&&&&&God in his mercy such created me&&&&&&That misery of yours attains me not,&&&&&&Nor any flame assails me of this burning.&&&&&&&&A gentle Lady is in Heaven, who grieves&&&&&&At this impediment, to which I send thee,&&&&&&So that stern judgment there above is broken.&&&&&&&&In her entreaty she besought Lucia,&&&&&&And said, &Thy faithful one now stands in need&&&&&&Of thee, and unto thee I recommend him.&&&&&&&&&Lucia, foe of all that cruel is,&&&&&&Hastened away, and came unto the place&&&&&&Where I was sitting with the ancient Rachel.&&&&&&&&&Beatrice& said she, &the true praise of God,&&&&&&Why succourest thou not him, who loved thee so,&&&&&&For thee he issued from the vulgar herd?&&&&&&&&Dost thou not hear the pity of his plaint?&&&&&&Dost thou not see the death that combats him&&&&&&Beside that flood, where ocean has no vaunt?&&&&&&&&&Never were persons in the world so swift&&&&&&To work their weal and to escape their woe,&&&&&&As I, after such words as these were uttered,&&&&&&&&Came hither downward from my blessed seat,&&&&&&Confiding in thy dignified discourse,&&&&&&Which honours thee, and those who've listened to it.'&&&&&&&&After she thus had spoken unto me,&&&&&&Weeping, her shining &&&&&&Whereby she made me &&&&&&&&And unto thee I came,&&&&&&I have delivered thee from that wild beast,&&&&&&Which barred the beautiful mountain's short ascent.&&&&&&&&What is it, then?
Why, why dost thou delay?&&&&&&Why is such baseness bedded in thy heart?&&&&&&Daring and hardihood why hast thou not,&&&&&&&&Seeing that three such Ladies benedight&&&&&&Are caring for thee in the court of Heaven,&&&&&&And so much good my speech doth promise thee?&&&&&&&&&Even as the flowerets, by nocturnal chill,&&&&&&Bowed down and closed, when the sun whitens them,&&&&&&Uplift themselves all&&&&&&&&Such I became with my exhausted strength,&&&&&&And such good courage to my heart there coursed,&&&&&&That I began, like an intrepid person:&&&&&&&&&O she compassionate, who succoured me,&&&&&&And courteous thou, who hast obeyed so soon&&&&&&The words of truth which she addressed to thee!&&&&&&&&Thou hast my heart so with desire disposed&&&&&&To the adventure, with these words of thine,&&&&&&That to my first intent I have returned.&&&&&&&&Now go, for one sole will is in us both,&&&&&&Thou Leader, and thou Lord, and Master thou.&&&&&&&Thus said I and when he had moved,&&&&&&&&I entered on the deep and savage way.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Inferno: Canto III&&&&&&&&&&&&&Through me the way i&&&&&&Through me the wa&&&&&&Through me the way among the people lost.&&&&&&&&Justice incited my sublime C&&&&&&Created me divine Omnipotence,&&&&&&The highest Wisdom and the primal Love.&&&&&&&&Before me there were no created things,&&&&&&Only eterne, and I eternal last.&&&&&&All hope abandon, ye who enter in!&&&&&&&&&These words in sombre colour I beheld&&&&&&Written upon &&&&&&Whence I: &Their sense is, Master, hard to me!&&&&&&&&&And he to me, as one experienced:&&&&&&&Here all suspicion needs must be abandoned,&&&&&&All cowardice must needs be here extinct.&&&&&&&&We to the place have come, where I have told thee&&&&&&Thou shalt behold the people dolorous&&&&&&Who have foregone the good of intellect.&&&&&&&&&And after he had laid his hand on mine&&&&&&With joyful mien, whence I was comforted,&&&&&&He led me in among the secret things.&&&&&&&&There sighs, complaints, and ululations loud&&&&&&Resounded through the air without a star,&&&&&&Whence I, at the beginning, wept thereat.&&&&&&&&Languages diverse, horrible dialects,&&&&&&Accents of anger, words of agony,&&&&&&And voices high and hoarse, with sound of hands,&&&&&&&&Made up a tumult that goes whirling on&&&&&&For ever in that air for ever black,&&&&&&Even as the sand doth, when the whirlwind breathes.&&&&&&&&And I, who had my head with horror bound,&&&&&&Said: &Master, what is this which now I hear?&&&&&&What folk is this, which seems by pain so vanquished?&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &This miserable mode&&&&&&Maintain the melancholy souls of those&&&&&&Who lived withouten infamy or praise.&&&&&&&&Commingled are they with that caitiff choir&&&&&&Of Angels, who have not rebellious been,&&&&&&Nor faithful were to God, but were for self.&&&&&&&&The heavens expelled them,&&&&&&Nor them the nethermore abyss receives,&&&&&&For glory none the damned would have from them.&&&&&&&&&And I: &O Master, what so grievous is&&&&&&To these, that maketh them lament so sore?&&&&&&&He answered: &I will tell thee very briefly.&&&&&&&&These have no long&&&&&&And this blind life of theirs is so debased,&&&&&&They envious are of every other fate.&&&&&&&&No fame of them the&&&&&&Misericord and Justice both disdain them.&&&&&&Let us not speak of them, but look, and pass.&&&&&&&&&And I, who looked again, beheld a banner,&&&&&&Which, whirling round, ran on so rapidly,&&&&&&That of all pause it se&&&&&&&&And after it there came so long a train&&&&&&Of people, that I ne'er would have believed&&&&&&That ever Death so many had undone.&&&&&&&&When some among them I had recognised,&&&&&&I looked, and I beheld the shade of him&&&&&&Who made through cowardice the great refusal.&&&&&&&&Forthwith I comprehended, and was certain,&&&&&&That this the sect was of the caitiff wretches&&&&&&Hateful to God and to his enemies.&&&&&&&&These miscreants, who never were alive,&&&&&&Were naked, and were stung exceedingly&&&&&&By gadflies and by hornets that were there.&&&&&&&&These did their faces irrigate with blood,&&&&&&Which, with their tears commingled, at their feet&&&&&&By the disgusting worms was gathered up.&&&&&&&&And when to gazing farther I betook me.&&&&&&People I saw on a great river'&&&&&&Whence said I: &Master, now vouchsafe to me,&&&&&&&&That I may know who these are, and what law&&&&&&Makes them appear so ready to pass over,&&&&&&As I discern athwart the dusky light.&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &These things shall all be known&&&&&&To thee, as soon as we our footsteps stay&&&&&&Upon the dismal shore of Acheron.&&&&&&&&&Then with mine eyes ashamed and downward cast,&&&&&&Fearing my words might irksome be to him,&&&&&&From speech refrained I till we reached the river.&&&&&&&&And lo! towards us coming in a boat&&&&&&An old man, hoary with the hair of eld,&&&&&&Crying: &Woe unto you, ye souls depraved!&&&&&&&&Hope nevermore to l&&&&&&I come to lead you to the other shore,&&&&&&To the eternal shades in heat and frost.&&&&&&&&And thou, that yonder standest, living soul,&&&&&&Withdraw thee from these people, who are dead!&&&&&&&But when he saw that I did not withdraw,&&&&&&&&He said: &By other ways, by other ports&&&&&&Thou to the shore shalt come, not here,&&&&&&A lighter vessel needs must carry thee.&&&&&&&&&And unto him the Guide: &Vex thee not, C&&&&&&It is so willed there where is power to do&&&&&&T and farther question not.&&&&&&&&&Thereat were quieted the fleecy cheeks&&&&&&Of him the ferryman of the livid fen,&&&&&&Who round about his eyes had wheels of flame.&&&&&&&&But all those souls who weary were and naked&&&&&&Their colour changed and gnashed their teeth together,&&&&&&As soon as they had heard those cruel words.&&&&&&&&God they blasphemed and their progenitors,&&&&&&The human race, the place, the time, the seed&&&&&&Of their engendering and of their birth!&&&&&&&&Thereafter all together they drew back,&&&&&&Bitterly weeping, to the accursed shore,&&&&&&Which waiteth every man who fears not God.&&&&&&&&Charon the demon, with the eyes of glede,&&&&&&Beckoning to them, collects them all together,&&&&&&Beats with his oar whoever lags behind.&&&&&&&&As in the autumn-time the leaves fall off,&&&&&&First one and then another, till the branch&&&&&&Unto the earth surre&&&&&&&&In similar wise the evil seed of Adam&&&&&&Throw themselves from that margin one by one,&&&&&&At signals, as a bird unto its lure.&&&&&&&&So they depart across the dusky wave,&&&&&&And ere upon the other side they land,&&&&&&Again on this side a new troop assembles.&&&&&&&&&My son,& the courteous Master said to me,&&&&&&&All those who perish in the wrath of God&&&&&&Here meet togeth&&&&&&&&And ready are they to pass o'er the river,&&&&&&Because celestial Justice spurs them on,&&&&&&So that their fear is turned into desire.&&&&&&&&This way there neve&&&&&&And hence if Charon doth complain of thee,&&&&&&Well mayst thou know now what his speech imports.&&&&&&&&&This being finished, all the dusk champaign&&&&&&Trembled so violently, that of that terror&&&&&&The recollection bathes me still with sweat.&&&&&&&&The land of tears gave forth a blast of wind,&&&&&&And fulminated a vermilion light,&&&&&&Which overmastered in me every sense,&&&&&&&&And as a man whom sleep hath seized I fell.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Inferno: Canto IV&&&&&&&&&&&&Broke the deep lethargy within my head&&&&&&A heavy thunder, so that I upstarted,&&&&&&Like to a person who&&&&&&&&And round about I moved my rested eyes,&&&&&&Uprisen erect, and steadfastly I gazed,&&&&&&To recognise the place wherein I was.&&&&&&&&True is it, that upon the verge I found me&&&&&&Of the abysmal valley dolorous,&&&&&&That gathers thunder of infinite ululations.&&&&&&&&Obscure, profound it was, and nebulous,&&&&&&So that by fixing on its depths my sight&&&&&&Nothing whatever I discerned therein.&&&&&&&&&Let us descend now into the blind world,&&&&&&&Began the Poet,&&&&&&&I will be first, and thou shalt second be.&&&&&&&&&And I, who of his colour was aware,&&&&&&Said: &How shall I come, if thou art afraid,&&&&&&Who'rt wont to be a comfort to my fears?&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &The anguish of the people&&&&&&Who are below here in my face depicts&&&&&&That pity which for terror thou hast taken.&&&&&&&&Let us go on, for the long way impels us.&&&&&&&Thus he went in, and thus he made me enter&&&&&&The foremost circle that surrounds the abyss.&&&&&&&&There, as it seemed to me from listening,&&&&&&Were lamentations none, but only sighs,&&&&&&That tremble made the everlasting air.&&&&&&&&And this arose from sorrow without torment,&&&&&&Which the crowds had, that many were and great,&&&&&&Of infants and of women and of men.&&&&&&&&To me the Master good: &Thou dost not ask&&&&&&What spirits these, which thou beholdest, are?&&&&&&Now will I have thee know, ere thou go farther,&&&&&&&&T and if they merit had,&&&&&&'Tis not enough, because they had not baptism&&&&&&Which is the portal of the F&&&&&&&&And if they were before Christianity,&&&&&&In the right manner they adored not G&&&&&&And among such as these am I myself.&&&&&&&&For such defects, and not for other guilt,&&&&&&Lost are we and are only so far punished,&&&&&&That without hope we live on in desire.&&&&&&&&&Great grief seized on my heart when this I heard,&&&&&&Because some people of much worthiness&&&&&&I knew, who in that Limbo were suspended.&&&&&&&&&Tell me, my Master, tell me, thou my Lord,&&&&&&&Began I, with desire of being certain&&&&&&Of that Faith which o'ercometh every error,&&&&&&&&&Came any one by his own merit hence,&&&&&&Or by another's, who was blessed thereafter?&&&&&&&And he, who understood my covert speech,&&&&&&&&Replied: &I was a novice in this state,&&&&&&When I saw hither come a Mighty One,&&&&&&With sign of victory incoronate.&&&&&&&&Hence he drew forth the shade of the First Parent,&&&&&&And that of his son Abel, and of Noah,&&&&&&Of Moses the lawgiver, and the obedient&&&&&&&&Abraham, patriarch, and David, king,&&&&&&Israel with his father and his children,&&&&&&And Rachel, for whose sake he did so much,&&&&&&&&And others many, and &&&&&&And thou must know, that earlier than these&&&&&&Never were any human spirits saved.&&&&&&&&&We ceased not to advance because he spake,&&&&&&But still were passing onward through the forest,&&&&&&The forest, say I, of thick-crowded ghosts.&&&&&&&&Not very far as yet our way had gone&&&&&&This side the summit, when I saw a fire&&&&&&That overcame a hemisphere of darkness.&&&&&&&&We were a little distant from it still,&&&&&&But not so far that I in part discerned not&&&&&&That honourable people held that place.&&&&&&&&&O thou who honourest every art and science,&&&&&&Who may these be, which such great honour have,&&&&&&That from the fashion of the rest it parts them?&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &The honourable name,&&&&&&That sounds of them above there in thy life,&&&&&&Wins grace in Heaven, that so advances them.&&&&&&&&&In the mean time a voice was heard by me:&&&&&&&All honour be to the pre-eminent P&&&&&&His shade returns again, that was departed.&&&&&&&&&After the voice had ceased and quiet was,&&&&&&Four mighty shades I&&&&&&Semblance had they nor sorrowful nor glad.&&&&&&&&To say to me began my gracious Master:&&&&&&&Him with that falchion in his hand behold,&&&&&&Who comes before the three, even as their lord.&&&&&&&&That one is Homer, P&&&&&&He who comes next is Horace,&&&&&&The third is Ovid, and the last is Lucan.&&&&&&&&Because to each of these with me applies&&&&&&The name that solitary voice proclaimed,&&&&&&They do me honour, and in that do well.&&&&&&&&&Thus I beheld assemble the fair school&&&&&&Of that lord of the song pre-eminent,&&&&&&Who o'er the others like an eagle soars.&&&&&&&&When they together had discoursed somewhat,&&&&&&They turned to me with signs of salutation,&&&&&&And on beholding this, my M&&&&&&&&And more of honour still, much more, they did me,&&&&&&In that they made me o&&&&&&So that the sixth was I, 'mid so much wit.&&&&&&&&Thus we went on as far as to the light,&&&&&&Things saying 'tis becoming to keep silent,&&&&&&As was the saying of them where I was.&&&&&&&&We came unto a noble castle's foot,&&&&&&Seven times encompassed with lofty walls,&&&&&&Defended rou&&&&&&&&This we passed over&&&&&&Through portals seven I entered with these S&&&&&&We came into a meadow of fresh verdure.&&&&&&&&People were there with solemn eyes and slow,&&&&&&Of great authority &&&&&&They spake but seldom, and with gentle voices.&&&&&&&&Thus we withdrew ourselves upon one side&&&&&&Into an opening luminous and lofty,&&&&&&So that they all of them were visible.&&&&&&&&There opposite, upon the green enamel,&&&&&&Were pointed out to me the mighty spirits,&&&&&&Whom to have seen I feel myself exalted.&&&&&&&&I saw Electra with companions many,&&&&&&'Mongst whom I knew both Hector and Aeneas,&&&&&&Caesar in armour&&&&&&&&I saw Camilla and Penthesilea&&&&&&On the other side, and saw the King Latinus,&&&&&&Who with Lavi&&&&&&&&I saw that Brutus who drove Tarquin forth,&&&&&&Lucretia, Julia, Marcia, and Cornelia,&&&&&&And saw alone, apart, the Saladin.&&&&&&&&When I had lifted up my brows a little,&&&&&&The Master I beheld of those who know,&&&&&&Sit with his philosophic family.&&&&&&&&All gaze upon him, and all do him honour.&&&&&&There I beheld both Socrates and Plato,&&&&&&Who nearer him bef&&&&&&&&Democritus, who puts the world on chance,&&&&&&Diogenes, Anaxagoras, and Thales,&&&&&&Zeno, Empedocles, and H&&&&&&&&Of qualities I saw the good collector,&&&&&&Hight D and Orpheus saw I,&&&&&&Tully and Livy, and moral Seneca,&&&&&&&&Euclid, geometrician, and Ptolemy,&&&&&&Galen, Hippocrates, and Avicenna,&&&&&&Averroes, who the great Comment made.&&&&&&&&I cannot all of them pourtray in full,&&&&&&Because so drives me onward the long theme,&&&&&&That many times the word comes short of fact.&&&&&&&&The sixfold co&&&&&&Another way my sapient Guide conducts me&&&&&&Forth from the quiet to t&&&&&&&&And to a place I come where nothing shines.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Inferno: Canto V&&&&&&&&&&&&Thus I descended out of the first circle&&&&&&Down to the second, that less space begirds,&&&&&&And so much greater dole, that goads to wailing.&&&&&&&&There standeth Minos horribly,&&&&&&Examines the transgress&&&&&&Judges, and sends according as he girds him.&&&&&&&&I say, that when the spirit evil-born&&&&&&Cometh before him,&&&&&&And this discriminator of transgressions&&&&&&&&Seeth what place in H&&&&&&Girds himself with his tail as many times&&&&&&As grades he wishes it should be thrust down.&&&&&&&&Always before hi&&&&&&They go by turns each o&&&&&&They speak, and hear, and then are downward hurled.&&&&&&&&&O thou, that to this dolorous hostelry&&&&&&Comest,& said Minos to me, when he saw me,&&&&&&Leaving the practice of so great an office,&&&&&&&&&Look how thou enterest, and i&&&&&&Let not the portal's amplitude deceive thee.&&&&&&&And unto him my Guide: &Why criest thou too?&&&&&&&&Do not impede his journey fate-&&&&&&It is so willed there where is power to do&&&&&&T and ask no further question.&&&&&&&&&And now begin the dolesome notes to grow&&&&&&A now am I come&&&&&&There where much lamentation strikes upon me.&&&&&&&&I came into a place mute of all light,&&&&&&Which bellows as the sea does in a tempest,&&&&&&If by opposing winds 't is combated.&&&&&&&&The infernal hurricane that never rests&&&&&&Hurtles the spirits &&&&&&Whirling them round, and smiting, it molests them.&&&&&&&&When they arrive before the precipice,&&&&&&There are the shrieks, the plaints, and the laments,&&&&&&There they blaspheme the puissance divine.&&&&&&&&I understood that unto such a torment&&&&&&The carnal malefactors were condemned,&&&&&&Who reason subjugate to appetite.&&&&&&&&And as the wings of starlings bear them on&&&&&&In the cold season in large band and full,&&&&&&So doth that blast &&&&&&&&It hither, thither, downward, upward,&&&&&&No hope doth comfort them for evermore,&&&&&&Not of repose, but even of lesser pain.&&&&&&&&And as the cranes go chanting forth their lays,&&&&&&Making in air a long line of themselves,&&&&&&So saw I coming, uttering lamentations,&&&&&&&&Shadows borne onward by the aforesaid stress.&&&&&&Whereupon said I: &Master, who are those&&&&&&People, whom the black air so castigates?&&&&&&&&&&The first of those, of whom intelligence&&&&&&Thou fain wouldst have,& then said he unto me,&&&&&&&The empress was of many languages.&&&&&&&&To sensual vices she was so abandoned,&&&&&&That lustful she made licit in her law,&&&&&&To remove the blame to which she had been led.&&&&&&&&She is Semiramis, of whom we read&&&&&&That she succeeded Ninus,&&&&&&She held the land which now the Sultan rules.&&&&&&&&The next is she who killed herself for love,&&&&&&And broke faith with the ashes of S&&&&&&Then Cleopatra the voluptuous.&&&&&&&&&Helen I saw, for whom so many ruthless&&&&&&S and saw the great Achilles,&&&&&&Who at the last hour combated with Love.&&&&&&&&Paris I saw, T and more than a thousand&&&&&&Shades did he name and point out with his finger,&&&&&&Whom Love had separated from our life.&&&&&&&&After that I had listened to my Teacher,&&&&&&Naming the dames of eld and cavaliers,&&&&&&Pity prevailed, and I was nigh bewildered.&&&&&&&&And I began: &O Poet, willingly&&&&&&Speak would I to those two, who go together,&&&&&&And seem upon the wind to be so light.&&&&&&&&&And, he to me: &Thou'lt mark, when they shall be&&&&&&N and then do thou implore them&&&&&&By love which leadeth them, and they will come.&&&&&&&&&Soon as the wind in our direction sways them,&&&&&&My voice uplift I: &O ye weary souls!&&&&&&Come speak to us, if no one interdicts it.&&&&&&&&&As turtle-doves, called onward by desire,&&&&&&With open and steady wings to the sweet nest&&&&&&Fly through the air by their volition borne,&&&&&&&&So came they from the band where Dido is,&&&&&&Approaching us athwart the air malign,&&&&&&So strong was the affectionate appeal.&&&&&&&&&O living creature gracious and benignant,&&&&&&Who visiting goest through the purple air&&&&&&Us, who have stained the world incarnadine,&&&&&&&&If were the King of the Universe our friend,&&&&&&We would pray unto him to give thee peace,&&&&&&Since thou hast pity on our woe perverse.&&&&&&&&Of what it pleases thee to hear and speak,&&&&&&That will we hear, and we will speak to you,&&&&&&While silent is the wind, as it is now.&&&&&&&&Sitteth the city, wherein I was born,&&&&&&Upon the sea-shore where the Po descends&&&&&&To rest in peace with all his retinue.&&&&&&&&Love, that on gentle heart doth swiftly seize,&&&&&&Seized this man for the person beautiful&&&&&&That was ta'en from me, and still the mode offends me.&&&&&&&&Love, that exempts no one beloved from loving,&&&&&&Seized me with pleasure of this man so strongly,&&&&&&That, as thou seest, it do&&&&&&&&Love has conduct&&&&&&Caina waiteth him who quenched our life!&&&&&&&These words were borne along from them to us.&&&&&&&&As soon as I had heard those souls tormented,&&&&&&I bowed my face, and so long held it down&&&&&&Until the Poet said to me: &What thinkest?&&&&&&&&&When I made answer, I began: &Alas!&&&&&&How many pleasant thoughts, how much desire,&&&&&&Conducted these unto the dolorous pass!&&&&&&&&&Then unto them I turned me, and I spake,&&&&&&And I began: &Thine agonies, Francesca,&&&&&&Sad and compassionate to weeping make me.&&&&&&&&But tell me, at the time of those sweet sighs,&&&&&&By what and in what manner Love conceded,&&&&&&That you should know your dubious desires?&&&&&&&&&And she to me: &There is no greater sorrow&&&&&&Than to be mindful of the happy time&&&&&&In misery, and that thy Teacher knows.&&&&&&&&But, if to recognise the earliest root&&&&&&Of love in us thou hast so great desire,&&&&&&I will do even as he who weeps and speaks.&&&&&&&&One day we reading were for our delight&&&&&&Of Launcelot, how Love did him enthral.&&&&&&Alone we were and without any fear.&&&&&&&&Full many a time our eyes together drew&&&&&&That reading, and drove the c&&&&&&But one point only was it that o'ercame us.&&&&&&&&When as we read of the much-longed-for smile&&&&&&Being by such a noble lover kissed,&&&&&&This one, who ne'er from me shall be divided,&&&&&&&&Kissed me upon the mouth all palpitating.&&&&&&Galeotto was the book and he who wrote it.&&&&&&That day no farther did we read therein.&&&&&&&&&And all the while one spirit uttered this,&&&&&&The other one did weep so, that, for pity,&&&&&&I swooned away as if I had been dying,&&&&&&&&And fell, even as a dead body falls.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Inferno: Canto VI&&&&&&&&&&&&At the return of consciousness, that closed&&&&&&Before the pity of those two relations,&&&&&&Which utterly with sadness had confused me,&&&&&&&&New torments I behold, and new tormented&&&&&&Around me, whichsoever way I move,&&&&&&And whichsoever way I turn, and gaze.&&&&&&&&In the third circle am I of the rain&&&&&&Eternal, maledict, and cold,&&&&&&Its law and quality are never new.&&&&&&&&Huge hail, and water sombre-hued, and snow,&&&&&&Athwart the tenebrous&&&&&&Noisome the earth is, that receiveth this.&&&&&&&&Cerberus, monster cruel and uncouth,&&&&&&With his three gullets like a dog is barking&&&&&&Over the people that are there submerged.&&&&&&&&Red eyes he has, and unctuous beard and black,&&&&&&And belly large, and armed &&&&&&He rends the spirits, flays, and quarters them.&&&&&&&&Howl the rain maketh&&&&&&One side they make a s&&&&&&Oft turn themselves the wretched reprobates.&&&&&&&&When Cerberus perceived us, the great worm!&&&&&&&His mouths he opened, and&&&&&&&Not a limb had he that was motionless.&&&&&&&&And my Conductor, with his spans extended,&&&&&&Took of the earth, and with his fists well filled,&&&&&&He threw it into those rapacious gullets.&&&&&&&&Such as that dog is, who by barking craves,&&&&&&And quiet grows soon as his food he gnaws,&&&&&&For to devour it he but thinks and struggles,&&&&&&&&The like became those muzzles filth-begrimed&&&&&&Of Cerberus the demon, who so thunders&&&&&&Over the souls that they would fain be deaf.&&&&&&&&We passed across the shadows, which subdues&&&&&&The heavy rain-storm, and we placed our feet&&&&&&Upon their vanity that person seems.&&&&&&&&They all were lying prone upon the earth,&&&&&&Excepting one, who sat upright as soon&&&&&&As he beheld us passing on before him.&&&&&&&&&O thou that art conducted through this Hell,&&&&&&&He said to me, &recall me,&&&&&&Thyself wast made before I was unmade.&&&&&&&&&And I to him: &The anguish which thou hast&&&&&&Perhaps doth draw thee out of my remembrance,&&&&&&So that it seems not I have ever seen thee.&&&&&&&&But tell me who thou art, that in so doleful&&&&&&A place art put, and in such punishment,&&&&&&If some are greater, none is so displeasing.&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &Thy city, which is full&&&&&&Of envy so that now the sack runs over,&&&&&&Held me within it in the life serene.&&&&&&&&You citizens were wont to call me C&&&&&&For the pernicious sin of gluttony&&&&&&I, as thou seest, am battered by this rain.&&&&&&&&And I, sad soul, am not the only one,&&&&&&For all these suffer the like penalty&&&&&&F& and word no more spake he.&&&&&&&&I answered him: &Ciacco, thy wretchedness&&&&&&Weighs on me so that i&&&&&&But tell me, if thou knowest, to what shall come&&&&&&&&The citizens&&&&&&I and the occasion&&&&&&Tell me why so much discord has assailed it.&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &They, after long contention,&&&&&&Wi and the rustic party&&&&&&Will drive the other out with much offence.&&&&&&&&Then afterwards behoves it this one fall&&&&&&Within three suns, and rise again the other&&&&&&By force of him who now is on the coast.&&&&&&&&High will it hold its forehead a long while,&&&&&&Keeping the other under heavy burdens,&&&&&&Howe'er it weeps thereat and is indignant.&&&&&&&&The just are two, and are &&&&&&Envy and Arrogance and Avarice&&&&&&Are the three sparks that have all hearts enkindled.&&&&&&&&&Here ended he h&&&&&&And I to him: &I wish thee still to teach me,&&&&&&And make a gift to me of further speech.&&&&&&&&Farinata and Tegghiaio, once so worthy,&&&&&&Jacopo Rusticucci, Arrigo, and Mosca,&&&&&&And others who on good deeds set their thoughts,&&&&&&&&Say where they are, and cause that I&&&&&&For great desire constraineth me to learn&&&&&&If Heaven doth sweeten them, or Hell envenom.&&&&&&&&&And he: &They are amo&&&&&&A different sin downweigh&&&&&&If thou so far descendest, thou canst see them.&&&&&&&&But when thou art again in the sweet world,&&&&&&I pray thee to the min&&&&&&&&&&No more I tell thee and no more I answer.&&&&&&&&&Then his straightforward eyes he turned askance,&&&&&&Eyed me a little, and&&&&&&He fell therewith prone like the other blind.&&&&&&&&And the Guide said to me: &He wakes no more&&&&&&This side the sound of&&&&&&When shall approach the hostile Potentate,&&&&&&&&Each one shall find again his dismal tomb,&&&&&&Shall reassume his flesh and his own figure,&&&&&&Shall hear what through eternity re-echoes.&&&&&&&&&So we passed onward o'er the filthy mixture&&&&&&Of shadows and of rain with footsteps slow,&&&&&&Touching a little on the future life.&&&&&&&&Wherefore I said: &Master, these torments here,&&&&&&Will they increase after the mighty sentence,&&&&&&Or lesser be, or will they be as burning?&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &Return unto thy science,&&&&&&Which wills, that as the thing more perfect is,&&&&&&The more it feels of pleasure and of pain.&&&&&&&&Albeit that this people maledict&&&&&&To true perfection never can attain,&&&&&&Hereafter more than now they look to be.&&&&&&&&&Round in a circle by that road we went,&&&&&&Speaking much more, which I&&&&&&We came unto the point &&&&&&&&There we found Plutus the great enemy.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Inferno: Canto VII&&&&&&&&&&&&&Pape Satan, Pape Satan, Aleppe!&&&&&&&Thus Plutus with his &&&&&&And that benignant Sage, who all things knew,&&&&&&&&Said, to encourage me: &Let not thy fear&&&&&&H for any power that he may have&&&&&&Shall not prevent thy going down this crag.&&&&&&&&&Then he turned round unto that bloated lip,&&&&&&And said: &Be silent,&&&&&&Consume within thyself with thine own rage.&&&&&&&&Not causeless is this &&&&&&Thus is it willed on high, where Michael wrought&&&&&&Vengeance upon the proud adultery.&&&&&&&&&Even as the sails inflated by the wind&&&&&&Involved together fall when snaps the mast,&&&&&&So fell the cruel monster to the earth.&&&&&&&&Thus we descended into the fourth chasm,&&&&&&Gaining still farther on the dolesome shore&&&&&&Which all the woe of the universe insacks.&&&&&&&&Justice of God, ah! who heaps up so many&&&&&&New toils and sufferings as I beheld?&&&&&&And why doth our transgression waste us so?&&&&&&&&As doth the billow there upon Charybdis,&&&&&&That breaks itself on that which it encounters,&&&&&&So here the folk must dance their roundelay.&&&&&&&&Here saw I people, more than elsewhere, many,&&&&&&On one side and the other, with great howls,&&&&&&Rolling weights forward by main force of chest.&&&&&&&&They clashed together, and then at that point&&&&&&Each one turned backward, rolling retrograde,&&&&&&Crying, &Why keepest?& and, &Why squanderest thou?&&&&&&&&&Thus they returned along the lurid circle&&&&&&On either hand unto the opposite point,&&&&&&Shouting their shameful metre evermore.&&&&&&&&Then each, when he arrived there, wheeled about&&&&&&Through his half-cir&&&&&&And I, who had my heart pierced as it were,&&&&&&&&Exclaimed: &My Master, now declare to me&&&&&&What people these are, and if all were clerks,&&&&&&These shaven crowns upon the left of us.&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &All of them were asquint&&&&&&In intellect in the first life, so much&&&&&&That there with measure they no spending made.&&&&&&&&Clearly enough their voices bark it forth,&&&&&&Whene'er they reach the two points of the circle,&&&&&&Where sunders them the opposite defect.&&&&&&&&Clerks those were who no hairy covering&&&&&&Have on the head, and Popes and Cardinals,&&&&&&In whom doth Avarice practise its excess.&&&&&&&&&And I: &My Master, among such as these&&&&&&I ought forsooth to recognise some few,&&&&&&Who were infected with these maladies.&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &Vain thoug&&&&&&The undiscerning life which made them sordid&&&&&&Now makes them unto all discernment dim.&&&&&&&&Forever shall they come t&&&&&&These from the sepulchre shall rise again&&&&&&With the fist closed, and these with tresses shorn.&&&&&&&&Ill giving and ill keeping the fair world&&&&&&Have ta'en from them, and placed &&&&&&Whate'er it be, no words adorn I for it.&&&&&&&&Now canst thou, Son, behold the transient farce&&&&&&Of goods that are committed unto Fortune,&&&&&&For which the human ra&&&&&&&&For all the gold that is beneath the moon,&&&&&&Or ever has been, of these weary souls&&&&&&Could never make a single one repose.&&&&&&&&&&Master,& I said to him, &now tell me also&&&&&&What is this Fortune which thou speakest of,&&&&&&That has the world's goods so within its clutches?&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &O creatures imbecile,&&&&&&What ignorance is this which doth beset you?&&&&&&Now will I have thee learn my judgment of her.&&&&&&&&He whose omniscience everything transcends&&&&&&The heavens created, and gave who should guide them,&&&&&&That every part to every part may shine,&&&&&&&&Distributing the li&&&&&&He in like manner to the mundane splendours&&&&&&Ordained a general ministress and guide,&&&&&&&&That she might change at times the empty treasures&&&&&&From race to race, from one blood to another,&&&&&&Beyond resistance of all human wisdom.&&&&&&&&Therefore one people triumphs, and another&&&&&&Languishes, in pursuance of her judgment,&&&&&&Which hidden is, as in the grass a serpent.&&&&&&&&Your knowledge has no coun&&&&&&She makes provision, judges, and pursues&&&&&&Her governance, as theirs the other gods.&&&&&&&&Her permutation&&&&&&Necessity makes her precipitate,&&&&&&So often cometh who his turn obtains.&&&&&&&&And this is she who is so crucified&&&&&&Even by those who ought to give her praise,&&&&&&Giving her blame amiss, and bad repute.&&&&&&&&But she is blissful, &&&&&&Among the other primal creatures gladsome&&&&&&She turns her sphere, and blissful she rejoices.&&&&&&&&Let us descend &&&&&&Already sinks each star that was ascending&&&&&&When I set out, and loitering is forbidden.&&&&&&&&&We crossed the circle to the other bank,&&&&&&Near to a fount that boils, and pours itself&&&&&&Along a gully that runs out of it.&&&&&&&&The water was more s&&&&&&And we, in company with the dusky waves,&&&&&&Made entrance downward by a path uncouth.&&&&&&&&A marsh it makes, which has the name of Styx,&&&&&&This tristful brooklet, when it has descended&&&&&&Down to the foot of the malign gray shores.&&&&&&&&And I, who stood intent upon beholding,&&&&&&Saw people mud-besprent in that lagoon,&&&&&&All of them naked and with angry look.&&&&&&&&They smote each other not alone with hands,&&&&&&But with the head and with the breast and feet,&&&&&&Tearing each other piecemeal with their teeth.&&&&&&&&Said the good Master: &Son, thou now beholdest&&&&&&The souls of those&&&&&&And likewise I would have thee know for certain&&&&&&&&Beneath the water people are who sigh&&&&&&And make this water bubble at the surface,&&&&&&As the eye tells thee wheresoe'er it turns.&&&&&&&&Fixed in the mire they say, 'We sullen were&&&&&&In the sweet air, which by the sun is gladdened,&&&&&&Bearing within ourselv&&&&&&&&Now we are sullen in this sable mire.'&&&&&&This hymn do they keep gurgling in their throats,&&&&&&For with unbroken words they cannot say it.&&&&&&&&&Thus we went circling round the filthy fen&&&&&&A great arc 'twixt the dry bank and the swamp,&&&&&&With eyes turned unto thos&&&&&&&&Unto the foot of a tower we came at last.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Inferno: Canto VIII&&&&&&&&&&&&I say, continuing, that long before&&&&&&We to the foot of that high tower had come,&&&&&&Our eyes went upward to the summit of it,&&&&&&&&By reason of two flamelets we saw placed there,&&&&&&And from afar another answer them,&&&&&&So far, that hardly could the eye attain it.&&&&&&&&And, to the sea of all discernment turned,&&&&&&I said: &What sayeth this, and what respondeth&&&&&&That other fire? and who are they that made it?&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &Across the turbid waves&&&&&&What is expected thou canst now discern,&&&&&&If reek of the morass conceal it not.&&&&&&&&&Cord never shot an arrow from itself&&&&&&That sped away athwart the air so swift,&&&&&&As I beheld a very little boat&&&&&&&&Come o'er the water tow'rds us at that moment,&&&&&&Under the guidance of a single pilot,&&&&&&Who shouted, &Now art thou arrived, fell soul?&&&&&&&&&&Phlegyas, Phlegyas, thou criest out in vain&&&&&&For this once,& said my L &thou shalt not have us&&&&&&Longer than in the passing of the slough.&&&&&&&&&As he who listens to some great deceit&&&&&&That has been done to him, and then resents it,&&&&&&Such became Phlegyas, in his gathered wrath.&&&&&&&&My Guide descended down into the boat,&&&&&&And then he made me enter after him,&&&&&&And only when I entered seemed it laden.&&&&&&&&Soon as the Guide and I were in the boat,&&&&&&The antique prow goes on its way, dividing&&&&&&More of the water than 'tis wont with others.&&&&&&&&While we were running through the dead canal,&&&&&&Uprose in front of me one full of mire,&&&&&&And said, &Who 'rt thou that comest ere the hour?&&&&&&&&&And I to him: &Although I come, I&&&&&&But who art thou that hast become so squalid?&&&&&&&&Thou seest that I am one who weeps,& he answered.&&&&&&&&And I to him: &With weeping and with wailing,&&&&&&Thou spirit maledict,&&&&&&For thee I know, though thou art all defiled.&&&&&&&&&Then stretched he both his&&&&&&Whereat my wary Master thrust him back,&&&&&&Saying, &Away there with the other dogs!&&&&&&&&&Thereafter with his arm&&&&&&He kissed my face, and said: &Disdainful soul,&&&&&&Blessed be she who bore thee in her bosom.&&&&&&&&That was an arrogant&&&&&&Goodness is none, t&&&&&&So likewise here his shade is furious.&&&&&&&&How many are esteemed great kings up there,&&&&&&Who here shall be like unto swine in mire,&&&&&&Leaving behind them horrible dispraises!&&&&&&&&&And I: &My Master, much should I be pleased,&&&&&&If I could see him soused into this broth,&&&&&&Before we issue forth out of the lake.&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &Ere unto thee the shore&&&&&&Reveal itself, tho&&&&&&Such a desire 'tis meet thou shouldst enjoy.&&&&&&&&&A little after that, I saw such havoc&&&&&&Made of him by the people of the mire,&&&&&&That still I praise and thank my God for it.&&&&&&&&They all were shouting, &At Philippo Argenti!&&&&&&&And that exasperate spirit Florentine&&&&&&Turned round upon himself with his own teeth.&&&&&&&&We left him there, and more of him I&&&&&&But on mine ears there smote a lamentation,&&&&&&Whence forward I intent unbar mine eyes.&&&&&&&&And the good Master said: &Even now, my Son,&&&&&&The city draweth near whose name is Dis,&&&&&&With the grave citizens, with the great throng.&&&&&&&&&And I: &Its mosques already, Master, clearly&&&&&&Within there in the valley I discern&&&&&&Vermilion, as if issuing from the fire&&&&&&&&They were.&
And he to me: &The fire eternal&&&&&&That kindles them within makes them look red,&&&&&&As thou beholdest in this nether Hell.&&&&&&&&&Then we arrived within the moats profound,&&&&&&That circumvallate th&&&&&&The walls appeared to me to be of iron.&&&&&&&&Not without making first a circuit wide,&&&&&&We came unto a place where loud the pilot&&&&&&Cried out to us, &Debark, here is the entrance.&&&&&&&&&More than a thousand at the gates I saw&&&&&&Out of the Heavens rained down, who angrily&&&&&&Were saying, &Who is this that without death&&&&&&&&Goes through the kingdom of the people dead?&&&&&&&And my sagacious Master made a sign&&&&&&Of wishing secretly to speak with them.&&&&&&&&A little then they quelled their great disdain,&&&&&&And said: &Come thou alone, and he begone&&&&&&Who has so boldly entered these dominions.&&&&&&&&Let him return a&&&&&&Try, for thou shalt here remain,&&&&&&Who hast escorted him through such dark regions.&&&&&&&&&Think, Reader, if I was discomforted&&&&&&At utterance o&&&&&&For never to return here I believed.&&&&&&&&&O my dear Guide, who more than seven times&&&&&&Hast rendered me security, and drawn me&&&&&&From imminent peril that before me stood,&&&&&&&&Do not desert me,& said I, &&&&&&&And if the going farther be denied us,&&&&&&Let us retrace our steps together swiftly.&&&&&&&&&And that Lord, who had led me thitherward,&&&&&&Said unto me: &F because our passage&&&&&&None can take from us, it by Such is given.&&&&&&&&But here await me, and thy weary spirit&&&&&&Comfort and nouris&&&&&&For in this nether world I will not leave thee.&&&&&&&&&So onward goes and there abandons me&&&&&&My Father sweet, and I remain in doubt,&&&&&&For No and Yes within my head contend.&&&&&&&&I could not hear what&&&&&&But with them there he did not linger long,&&&&&&Ere each within in rivalry ran back.&&&&&&&&They closed the portals, those our adversaries,&&&&&&On my Lord's breast, who had remained without&&&&&&And turned to me with footsteps far between.&&&&&&&&His eyes cast down, his forehead shorn had he&&&&&&Of all its boldness, and he said, with sighs,&&&&&&&Who has denied to me the dolesome houses?&&&&&&&&&And unto me: &Thou, because I am angry,&&&&&&Fear not, for I will conquer in the trial,&&&&&&Whatever for defence within be planned.&&&&&&&&This arrogance of t&&&&&&For once they used it at less secret gate,&&&&&&Which finds itself without a fastening still.&&&&&&&&O'er it didst thou behold &&&&&&And now this side of it descends the steep,&&&&&&Passing across the circles without escort,&&&&&&&&One by whose means the city shall be opened.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Inferno: Canto IX&&&&&&&&&&&&That hue which cowardice brought out on me,&&&&&&Beholding my Conductor backward turn,&&&&&&Sooner repressed within him his new colour.&&&&&&&&He stopped attentive, like a man who listens,&&&&&&Because the eye could not conduct him far&&&&&&Through the black air, and through the heavy fog.&&&&&&&&&Still it behoveth us to win the fight,&&&&&&&B &Else. . .Such offered us herself. . .&&&&&&O how I long that some one here arrive!&&&&&&&&&Well I perceived, as soon as the beginning&&&&&&He covered up with what came afterward,&&&&&&That they were words quite diff&&&&&&&&But none the less his saying gave me fear,&&&&&&Because I carried out the broken phrase,&&&&&&Perhaps to a worse meaning than he had.&&&&&&&&&Into this bottom of the doleful conch&&&&&&Doth any e'er descend from the first grade,&&&&&&Which for its pain has only hope cut off?&&&&&&&&&This question put I; and he answered me:&&&&&&&Seldom it comes to pass that one of us&&&&&&Maketh the journey upon which I go.&&&&&&&&True is it, once before I here below&&&&&&Was conjured by that pitiless Erictho,&&&&&&Who summoned back the shades unto their bodies.&&&&&&&&Naked of me short while the flesh had been,&&&&&&Before within that wall she made me enter,&&&&&&To bring a spirit from the circle of J&&&&&&&&That is the lowest region and the darkest,&&&&&&And farthest from the heaven which circles all.&&&&&&Well know I therefore be reassured.&&&&&&&&This fen, which a prodigious stench exhales,&&&&&&Encompasses about the city dolent,&&&&&&Where now we cannot enter without anger.&&&&&&&&&And more he said, but not in mind I&&&&&&Because mine eye had altogether drawn me&&&&&&Tow'rds the high tower with the red-flaming summit,&&&&&&&&Where in a moment saw I swift uprisen&&&&&&The three infernal Furies stained with blood,&&&&&&Who had the limbs of women and their mien,&&&&&&&&And with the greenes&&&&&&Small serpents and cerastes were their tresses,&&&&&&Wherewith their horrid temples were entwined.&&&&&&&&And he who well the handmaids of the Queen&&&&&&Of everlasting lamentation knew,&&&&&&Said unto me: &Behold the fierce Erinnys.&&&&&&&&This is Megaera, on the left-&&&&&&She who is weeping on the right, A&&&&&&T& and then was silent.&&&&&&&&Each one her breast was re&&&&&&They beat them with their palms, and cried so loud,&&&&&&That I for dread pressed close unto the Poet.&&&&&&&&&Medusa come, so we to stone will change him!&&&&&&&All
&in evil hour&&&&&&Avenged we not on Theseus his assault!&&&&&&&&&&Turn thyself round, and keep thine eyes close shut,&&&&&&For if the Gorgon appear, and thou shouldst see it,&&&&&&No more returning upward would there be.&&&&&&&&&Thus said the M and he turned me round&&&&&&Himself, and trusted not unto my hands&&&&&&So far as not to blind me with his own.&&&&&&&&O ye who have undistempered intellects,&&&&&&Observe the doctrine that conceals itself&&&&&&Beneath the veil of the mysterious verses!&&&&&&&&And now there came across the turbid waves&&&&&&The clangour of a sound with terror fraught,&&&&&&Because of which both of &&&&&&&&Not otherwise it was than of a wind&&&&&&Impetuous on account of adverse heats,&&&&&&That smites the forest, and, without restraint,&&&&&&&&The branches rends, beats down,&&&&&&Right onward, laden with dust, it goes superb,&&&&&&And puts to flight the wild beasts and the shepherds.&&&&&&&&Mine eyes he loosed, and said: &Direct the nerve&&&&&&Of vision now along that ancient foam,&&&&&&There yonder where that smoke is most intense.&&&&&&&&&Even as the frogs before the hostile serpent&&&&&&Across the water scatter all abroad,&&&&&&Until each one is huddled in the earth.&&&&&&&&More than a thousand ruined souls I saw,&&&&&&Thus fleeing from before one who on foot&&&&&&Was passing o'er the Styx with soles unwet.&&&&&&&&From off his face he fanned that unctuous air,&&&&&&Waving his left hand oft in front of him,&&&&&&And only with that anguish seemed he weary.&&&&&&&&Well I perceived one sent from Heaven was he,&&&&&&And to the M and he made sign&&&&&&That I should quiet stand, and bow before him.&&&&&&&&Ah! how disdainful he appeared to me!&&&&&&He reached the gate, and with a little rod&&&&&&He opened it, for there was no resistance.&&&&&&&&&O banished out of Heaven, people despised!&&&&&&&Thus he began upon &&&&&&&Whence is this arrogance within you couched?&&&&&&&&Wherefore recalcitrate against that will,&&&&&&From which the end can never be cut off,&&&&&&And which has many times increased your pain?&&&&&&&&What helpeth it to butt against the fates?&&&&&&Your Cerberus, if you remember well,&&&&&&For that still bears his chin and gullet peeled.&&&&&&&&&Then he returned along the miry road,&&&&&&And spake no word to us, but had the look&&&&&&Of one whom other care constrains and goads&&&&&&&&Than that of him wh&&&&&&And we our feet directed tow'rds the city,&&&&&&After those holy words all confident.&&&&&&&&Within we entered&&&&&&And I, who inclination had to see&&&&&&What the condition such a fortress holds,&&&&&&&&Soon as I was within, cast round mine eye,&&&&&&And see on every hand an ample plain,&&&&&&Full of distress and torment terrible.&&&&&&&&Even as at Arles, where stagnant grows the Rhone,&&&&&&Even as at Pola near to the Quarnaro,&&&&&&That shuts in Italy and bathes its borders,&&&&&&&&The sepulchres make &&&&&&So likewise did they there on every side,&&&&&&Saving that there the ma&&&&&&&&For flames between the sepulchres were scattered,&&&&&&By which they so intensely heated were,&&&&&&That iron more so asks not any art.&&&&&&&&All of their coverings uplifted were,&&&&&&And from them issued forth such dire laments,&&&&&&Sooth seemed they of the wretched and tormented.&&&&&&&&And I: &My Master, what are all those people&&&&&&Who, having sepulture within those tombs,&&&&&&Make themselves audible by doleful sighs?&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &Here are the Heresiarchs,&&&&&&With their disciples of all sects, and much&&&&&&More than thou thinkest laden are the tombs.&&&&&&&&Here like together wit&&&&&&And more and less the monuments are heated.&&&&&&&And when he to the right had turned, we passed&&&&&&&&Between the torments and high parapets.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Inferno: Canto X&&&&&&&&&&&&Now onward goes, along a narrow path&&&&&&Between the torments and the city wall,&&&&&&My Master, and I follow at his back.&&&&&&&&&O power supreme, that through these impious circles&&&&&&Turnest me,& I began, &as pleases thee,&&&&&&Speak to me, and&&&&&&&&The people who are lying in these tombs,&&&&&&Might they be seen? already are uplifted&&&&&&The covers all, and no one keepeth guard.&&&&&&&&&And he to me: &They all will be closed up&&&&&&When from Jehoshaphat they shall return&&&&&&Here with the bodies they have left above.&&&&&&&&Their cemetery have upon this side&&&&&&With Epicurus all his followers,&&&&&&Who with the body &&&&&&&&But in the question thou dost put to me,&&&&&&Within here shalt thou soon be satisfied,&&&&&&And likewise in the wish thou keepest silent.&&&&&&&&&And I: &Good Leader, I but keep concealed&&&&&&From thee my heart, that I may speak the less,&&&&&&Nor only now hast thou thereto disposed me.&&&&&&&&&&O Tuscan, thou who through the city of fire&&&&&&Goest alive, thus speaking modestly,&&&&&&Be pleased to stay thy footsteps in this place.&&&&&&&&Thy mode of speaking makes thee manifest&&&&&&A native of that noble fatherland,&&&&&&To which perhaps I too molestful was.&&&&&&&&&Upon a sudden issued forth this sound&&&&&&From
wherefore I pressed,&&&&&&Fearing, a little nearer to my Leader.&&&&&&&&And unto me he said: &T what dost thou?&&&&&&Behold there Fa&&&&&&From the waist upwards wholly shalt thou see him.&&&&&&&&&I had already fixed mine eyes on his,&&&&&&And he uprose erect with breast and front&&&&&&E'en as if Hell he had in great despite.&&&&&&&&And with courageous hands and prompt my Leader&&&&&&Thrust me between the sepulchres towards him,&&&&&&Exclaiming, &Let thy words explicit be.&&&&&&&&&As soon as I was at the foot of his tomb&&&&&&Somewhat he eyed me, and, as if disdainful,&&&&&&Then asked of me, &Who were thine ancestors?&&&&&&&&&I, who desirous of obeying was,&&&&&&Concealed it not, but&&&&&&Whereat he raised his brows a little upward.&&&&&&&&Then said he: &Fiercely adverse have they been&&&&&&To me, and to my fathers,&&&&&&So that two several times I scattered them.&&&&&&&&&&If they were banished, they returned on all sides,&&&&&&&I answered him, &the first&&&&&&But yours have not acquired that art aright.&&&&&&&&&Then there uprose upon the sight, uncovered&&&&&&Down to the chin, &&&&&&I think that he had risen on his knees.&&&&&&&&Round me he gazed, as if solicitude&&&&&&He had to see if some one else were with me,&&&&&&But after his suspicion was all spent,&&&&&&&&Weeping, he said to me: &If through this blind&&&&&&Prison thou goest by loftiness of genius,&&&&&&Where is my son? and why is he not with thee?&&&&&&&&&And I to him: &I&&&&&&He who is waiting yonder leads me here,&&&&&&Whom in disdain perhaps your Guido had.&&&&&&&&&His language and the mode of punishment&&&&&&Already unto &&&&&&On that account my answer was so full.&&&&&&&&Up starting suddenly, he cried out: &How&&&&&&Saidst thou,--he had?
Is he not still alive?&&&&&&Does not the sweet light strike upon his eyes?&&&&&&&&&When he became aware of some delay,&&&&&&Which I before my answer made, supine&&&&&&He fell again, and forth appeared no more.&&&&&&&&But the other, magnanimous, at whose desire&&&&&&I had remained, did not his aspect change,&&&&&&Neither his neck he moved, nor bent his side.&&&&&&&&&And if,& continuing his first discourse,&&&&&&&They have that art,& he said, &not learned aright,&&&&&&That more tormenteth me, than doth this bed.&&&&&&&&But fifty times shall not rekindled be&&&&&&The countenance of the Lady who reigns here,&&&&&&Ere thou shalt know h&&&&&&&&And as thou wouldst to the sweet world return,&&&&&&Say why that people is so pitiless&&&&&&Against my race in each one of its laws?&&&&&&&&&Whence I to him: &The slaughter and great carnage&&&&&&Which have with crimson stained the Arbia, cause&&&&&&Such orisons in our temple to be made.&&&&&&&&&After his head he with a sigh had shaken,&&&&&&&There I was not alone,& he said, &nor surely&&&&&&Without a cause had with the others moved.&&&&&&&&But there I was alone, where every one&&&&&&Consented to the laying waste of Florence,&&&&&&He who defended her with open face.&&&&&&&&&&Ah! so hereafter may your seed repose,&&&&&&&I him entreated, &solve for me that knot,&&&&&&Which has entangled my conceptions here.&&&&&&&&It seems that you can see, if I hear rightly,&&&&&&Beforehand whatsoe'er time brings with it,&&&&&&And in the present have another mode.&&&&&&&&&&We see, like those who have imperfect sight,&&&&&&The things,& he said, &that&&&&&&So much still shines on us the Sovereign Ruler.&&&&&&&&When they draw near, or are, is wholly vain&&&&&&Our intellect, and if none brings it to us,&&&&&&Not anything know we of your human state.&&&&&&&&Hence thou canst understand, that wholly dead&&&&&&Will be our knowledge from the moment when&&&&&&The portal of the future shall be closed.&&&&&&&&&Then I, as if compunctious for my fault,&&&&&&Said: &Now, then, you will tell that fallen one,&&&&&&That still his son is with the living joined.&&&&&&&&And if just now, in answering, I was dumb,&&&&&&Tell him I did it because I was thinking&&&&&&Already of the error you have solved me.&&&&&&&&&And now my Master was recalling me,&&&&&&Wherefore more eagerly I prayed the spirit&&&&&&That he would tell me who was with him there.&&&&&&&&He said: &With more than a thousand here I&&&&&&Within here is the second Frederick,&&&&&&And the Cardinal, and of the rest I speak not.&&&&&&&&&Th and I towards&&&&&&The ancient poet turned my steps, reflecting&&&&&&Upon that saying, which seemed hostile to me.&&&&&&&&H and afterward thus going,&&&&&&He said to me, &Why art thou so bewildered?&&&&&&&And I in his inquiry satisfied him.&&&&&&&&&Let memory preserve what thou hast heard&&&&&&Against thyself,& that Sage commanded me,&&&&&&&A& and he raised his finger.&&&&&&&&&When thou shalt be before the radiance sweet&&&&&&Of her whose beauteous eyes all things behold,&&&&&&From her thou'lt know the journey of thy life.&&&&&&&&&Unto the left hand the&&&&&&We left the wall, and went towards the middle,&&&&&&Along a path that strikes into a valley,&&&&&&&&Which even up there unpleasant made its stench.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Inferno: Canto XI&&&&&&&&&&&&Upon the margin of a lofty bank&&&&&&Which great rocks broken in a circle made,&&&&&&We came upon a sti&&&&&&&&And there, by reason of the horrible&&&&&&Excess of stench the deep abyss throws out,&&&&&&We drew ourselves aside behind the cover&&&&&&&&Of a great tomb, whereon I saw a writing,&&&&&&Which said: &Pope Anastasius I hold,&&&&&&Whom out of}