类比和反义词速记-第一范文网
类比和反义词速记
abandon vt. 放弃,沉溺 to give (oneself) over unrestrainedly abandon:inhibition=despair:hope abash a. 害羞的 to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of unabashed:embarrassment=unheralded:announcement embolden←→abash/faze/cow abate v. 减轻，降低 to reduce in degree or intensity abate:tax=alleviate:distress abate←→intensify/promote abbreviate vt. 缩写,使...简略,缩短 especially :to reduce to a shorter form intended to stand for the whole abbreviate:sentence=abridgment:essay abbreviate←→extend abdicate v. 让位，辞职，放弃 to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or function abdicate:throne=resign:office abdicate←→constitute abdicate←→assume aberrant a.脱离常轨的 deviating from the usual or natural type:ATYPICAL aberrant←→typical/normal abet vt. 教唆,帮助 to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose abet:assistance=counsel:guidance abet←→thwart/impede stymie←→abet frustrate←→abet abeyance n. 中止,暂搁,停止 temporary inactivity:SUSPENSION abeyance←→continuance abhor vt.憎恶 (n. abhorrence) to regard with extreme repugnance１abhorrence:dislike=adoration:fondness abiding a. 永久的，持久的，不变的 ENDURING, CONTINUING abiding←→evanescent abject adj. ①凄惨的 ②怯懦的 cast down in spirit:SERVILE, SPIRITLESS abject←→exultant abjure vt. 发誓放弃 to abstain from:AVOID abjure←→embrace/espouse abnegate vt. 放弃，舍弃，禁忌 SURRENDER, RELINQUISH abnegate←→reaffirm abolitionism n. 废除主义,废奴主义 principles or measures fostering abolition especially of slavery anarchist:government=abolitionist:slavery abolitionist←→persiste in slavery arboretum n. 树园,植物园 a place where trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants are cultivated for scientific and educational purposes arboretum:trees=aviary:birds aboveboard a. 光明正大的,率直的 in a straightforward manner surreptitious←→barefaced/aboveboard abrasion n. 表面磨损(v. abrade) a wearing, grinding, or rubbing away by friction abraded:friction=desiccated:dehydration scuff:abrasion=heat:vaporization abrade←→augment abridge vt. 删节,缩短,剥夺 to shorten by omission of words sense:CONDENSE abbreviate:sentence=abridgment:essay abrogate v. 废止，废除?２withoutsacrificeofto abolish by authoritative action:ANNUL abrogate←→embrace/institute/uphold abscond v. 潜逃，逃亡? to depart secretly and hide oneself abscond:depart=pilfer:take follow:shadow=leave:abscond lurk:wait=purloin:appropriate/abscond:depart absolve vt.赦免；解除(责任等) to set free from an obligation or the consequences of guilt exculpatory:absolve=motivational:stir hortative:encourage=exculpatory:absolve absolve←→inculpate abstain vi. 自制,戒绝,弃权,避免 to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self-denial from an action or practice mandatory:comply=forbidden:abstain abstemious adj. 有节制的，节俭的 marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol abstemious:indulge=austere:decorate { intransigence:control} reticent:talk=abstemious:gorge abstract a. 抽象的，不具体的；n. 摘要，提要 having only intrinsic form with little or no attempt at pictorial representation or narrative content abstract←→elaborate abstruse adj.深奥的 difficult to comprehend:RECONDITE abstruse←→accessible/patent abuse n./v. 辱骂，滥用? to attack in words:REVILE diatribe:abuse=burlesque:mockery polemic:disputatious=invective:abusive accede v.同意 to express approval or give consent:give in to a request or demand accelerate vt.vi. 加速 to move faster:gain speed３expedite:process=accelerate:pace accelerate←→retard accessible a. 易接近的,可进入的,易受影响的,可理解的 capable of being understood or appreciated abstruse←→accessible/patent accessory n. 附件 a thing of secondary or subordinate importance:ADJUNCT accessory←→of primarily importance accidental a. 意外的,偶然的 occurring unexpectedly or by chance inventiveness:accidental=effect:casual safeguard:accident=hedge:loss intentional:accidental=arrogant:humble acclimate vt.使习惯于新环境 to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate, environment, or situation acclimate←→make unfamiliar with accolade n. 推崇备至，赞扬 an expression of praise accolade←→cutting remark/speak ill/derogate/denounce deplore←→accolade/extol accomodate v. 容纳,留宿,使...适应 to provide with something desired, needed, or suited (as a helpful service, a loan, or lodgings) obliterate:remove=accomodate:supply (不是 convey:conduct) accomplice n. 共犯,同谋 one associated with another especially in wrongdoing accost vt.向人搭话 to approach and speak to often in a challenging or aggressive way accost:approach accountability n. 有责任,有义务 an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or to account for one's actions accrete v. 共生，附着，增加４ACCUMULATE accrete:growth=erode:destruction accumulate vt.vi. 积聚,堆积 to gather or pile up especially little by little:AMASS accumulation←→dissipation accuse v. 责备，控告，谴责 to charge with a fault or offense:BLAME acme n．顶点，极点 the highest point or stage acquiesce v.勉强同意,默认 to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively intransigent:acquiesce=deferential:offend acquiesce:yield=capitulate:categorical acquiesce←→defy resist←→acquiesce acquisition n. 获得,添加物品 the act of acquiring divestiture←→acquisition acquit vt. 开释,释放,完成,表现 to discharge completely acrid a. 苦味的,辛辣的,尖刻的 sharp and harsh or unpleasantly odor:IRRITATING acrid:gentleness=forthright:guile grating:sound=acrid:odor stridency:sound=acridity:odor acrid←→gentlepungentintasteoracrimonious a. 严厉的,辛辣的,刻毒的 caustic, biting, or rancorous especially in feeling, language, or manner acrimonious←→harmonious adamant a.强硬的,固执的 unshakable or immovable especially in opposition:UNYIELDING adamant:flexibility=refractory:control impossible:execute=adamant:moved５adamant:yield=cautious:gamble adamant←→vacillatory adamant←→moved adapt vt. 使适应,改编 to make fit (as for a specific or new use or situation) often by modification adapt←→remain unchanged addicted adj. 痴迷 to devote or surrender (oneself) to something habitually or obsessively inured:tolerance=addicted:dependency ad-hoc adv. 临时地，没有充分准备的 for the particular end or case at hand without consideration of wider application adjacent a. 毗连的,邻近的,接近的adjourn vi. 延期,休会,换地方 to suspend a session indefinitely or to another time or place convoke←→adjourn adjudicator n. 评判员 one that act as judge adjunct n. 附属物,附件,修饰语 something joined or added to another thing but not essentially a part of it adjunct:←→essential element ad-lib v. 即兴演唱，临时穿插，信口说出? without restraint or limit ad-lib:impromptu=aside:divergent admission n. 许可,入会费,承认 the act or process of admitting lottery:raffle=ticket:admission admonish v. 训诫，警告 to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous manner admonish:denounce=punish:pillory {persuade:convince}６peccadillo:sin=admonishment:castigation pretense:deceive=admonition:reprove alibi:exculpatory=warning:admonitory adore vt. 崇拜,爱慕,喜爱 to regard with loving admiration and devotion abhorrence:dislike=adoration:fondness adulate:fawn=woo:adore apprehension:terror=affection:adoration fascination:interest=adoration:fondness adroit adj. 熟练的，灵巧的 having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness in handling situations loquacious:succinct=adroit:ungainly adroit←→ungainly adulate v. 谄媚，奉承 to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly adulate:fawn=woo:adorn aversion:disinclination=adulation:admiration scorn:reject=adulate:flatter=disparage:ignore adulate←→scorn adulation←→disdain adulterate vt. 掺杂 to corrupt, debase, or make impure by the addition of a foreign or inferior substance or element stickler approximation/imprecision=purist:adulteration adversary n. 敌手,对手 one that contends with, opposes, or resists:ENEMY adversary←→ally advertise vt. 做广告,通知 to announce publicly especially by a printed notice or a broadcast advertising:commercial=publishing:journal advocate vt. 主张,提倡 to plead in favor of exponent:advocate=pollster:canvass aerate v. 充气，让空气进入? to supply (the blood) with oxygen by respiration７aerate:oxygen=hydrate:water aerial a. 空中的,航空的,空想的,空气的 of, relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphere aerial:air=aquatic:water aesthetics n. 美学 a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste and with the creation and appreciation of beauty aesthetics:beauty=epistemology:knowledge philistine←→aesthete affable adj．易于交谈的，和蔼的 characterized by ease and friendliness affable←→irascible affected a. 假装的 assumed artificially or falsely:PRETENDED posturer:unaffected=bigot:tolerant affected←→natural affection n. 爱,情感,影响,病 tender attachment:FONDNESS apprehension:terror=affection:adoration embrace:affection=shrug:indifference scowl:displeasure=kiss:affection{hurl:disgust} antipathy←→affection affidavit n. 宣誓书 a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath or on affirmation before an authorized magistrate or officer affidavit=statement←→wedding:ceremony affiliation n．入会，加入 to bring or receive into close connection as a member or branch affiliation←→dissociation affinity n.密切关系,吸引力 likeness based on relationship or causal connection aloft←→affinity affinity←→aversion/hideous affliction n. 痛苦,苦恼,苦难 great suffering８affluent adj. 富裕的 n. 支流 having a generously sufficient and typically increasing supply of material possessions affluent←→needy impecunious←→wealthy/prosperous/affluent penury←→affluence indigent←→affluent agenda n.议程 a list or outline of things to be considered or done program:concert=agenda:meeting repertoire:performance=manifest:cargo=agenda:meeting aggrandize vt. 增加,夸大 to make appear great or greater:praise highly aggrandize←→disparage aggravate vt. 使恶化,使更严重加重 to make worse, more serious, or more severe:intensify unpleasantly succor←→aggravate ameliorate←→aggravate aggregate vt.vi. 聚集,集合,合计 to collect or gather into a mass or whole coalesce←→disaggregate disaffected←→content aggrieve vt. 使委屈,使苦恼,侵害 to give pain or trouble to:DISTRESS aggrieve←→gratify agony n. 极大的痛苦 intense pain of mind or body:ANGUISH, TORTURE agonized:distress=obsessed:concern painful:agonizing=important:paramount airtight a. 密闭的,不透气的,无懈可击的 airtight:loophole= alacrity n. 敏捷,轻快,乐意 promptness in response:cheerful readiness husbandry:dissipate=alacrity:procrastinate alacrity←→dilatoriness/hesitance９albino n. 白公,白化病者,白化变种 (or albinism) an organism exhibiting deficient pigmentation albino:pigment=prairie:tree alibi n.托辞，借口，辩解 an excuse usually intended to avert blame or punishment alibi:exculpatory=warning:admonitory align v.定位，对齐，排成一行，结盟 to bring into line or alignment aligned←→askew awry←→orderly/aligned allay v. ①平息(愤怒等) ②缩小 to subdue or reduce in intensity or severity:ALLEVIATE allay←→increase the intensity of adversary←→ally allegiance n．忠诚，拥护 devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause authoritativeness:pundits=allegiance:partisans allegory n. 寓意；寓言 the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions of truths or generalizations about human existence allegory:fiction alleviate v．缓和，减轻 RELIEVE, LESSEN abate:tax=alleviate:distress alleviate←→exacerbate alliterate v. 押头韵 the repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables alliterate:remove=blazon:efface allude vi. 暗示,提及 to mak broadly :REFER allude←→mention explicitly aloft ad. 在高处,在上的 at or to a great height aloft←→affinity１０founder←→stay aloft grounded←→aloft aloof a. 疏远的,冷淡的 removed or distant either physically or emotionally politic:offend=aloof:associate gregarious←→aloof alphabetical a.字母(表)的，ABC 的 arranged in the order of the letters of the alphabet dictionary:alphabetical=annals:chronological altruism n. 利他主义，不自私 unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of others altruism←→egocentric amalgamate v. 合并，混合 to merge into a single body amalgamate←→separate/isolate amass v.积聚 to collect for oneself:ACCUMULATE ambiguous a.模棱两可的；分歧的 doubtful or uncertain especially from obscurity or indistinctness ambiguous:clarity=mendacious:truth ambiguous:understand=blatant:ignore equivocation:ambiguous=platitude:banal watershed←→ambiguity ambivalent a. 矛盾的,好恶相克的 a:continual fluctuation (as between one thing and its opposite) b:uncertainty as to which approach to follow ambivalent←→commitment amble vi. 缓行,溜蹄 a leisurely walk walk:amble=talk:chat ambrosial a. 特别美味的 something extremely pleasing to taste or smell mellifluous:music=ambrosial:food ameliorate vt. 改善,改良,变好１１to make better or more tolerable ameliorate←→aggravate amenity n. 适意,温和,礼仪 something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or enjoyment amenity:comfortable=honorarium:grateful amenable←→inimical amiable a. 亲切的,和蔼可亲的 being friendly, sociable, and congenial inimical←→friendly/amiable/amicable amicable a. 友 善 的 , 和 平 的 goodwill:PEACEABLE inimical←→friendly/amiable/amicable amiss a. 有毛病的,出差错的 in a faulty way:IMPERFECTLY amorphous adj. 无定形的，散漫的? having no definite form:SHAPELESS amorphous:shape=errant:course amphibian n. 两栖动物,水陆两用飞机,水陆两用车 any of a class (Amphibian) of cold-blooded vertebrates (as frogs, toads, or salamanders) intermediate in many characters between fishes and reptiles and having gilled aquatic larvae and air-breathing adults eaglet:bird=frog:amphibian amplify vt. 扩大,详述,使增幅 to make larger or greater (as intensity):INCREASE mute←→amplify characterized by friendlyinamount,importance,oramplitude n.广大；充足；振幅 the quality or state of being ample:FULLNESS amplitude←→meagerness anaerobic a.厌氧的. anaerobe n.厌氧微生物 living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen anaerobic←→living in oxygen anaerobic←→respiration１２analgesic n.镇痛剂, a.止痛的 insensibility to pain without loss of consciousness analgesic:pain=anesthetic:sensation aseptic:disinfections=anesthetic:numbs pain:analgesic:sensation:anesthetic pain:analgesic=symptom:palliative analgesia:pain=simplify:complexity tonic:invigorate=analgesic:deaden analogy n. 类似，相似，类比，类推 a:resemblance in some particulars between unlike:SIMILARITY b:comparison based on such resemblance analysis n. 分析 separation of a whole into its component parts synthesis←→analysis anarchist n. 无政府主义者 one who rebels against any authority, established order, or ruling power anarchist:government=abolitionist:slavery anarchist:rebel=apologist:defend anarchy←→order anathema n. 诅咒 the denunciation of something as accursed panegyric←→anathema ancestor n. 祖先,祖宗 one from whom a person is descended and who is usually more remote in the line of descent than a grandparent heirloom:ancestor=bequest:testator anecdote n. 短故事，轶事 a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident anecdote:amusement=lecture:instruction=caption:illustration anesthetic a.麻醉的 ,麻醉剂的 lacking awareness or sensitivity analgesic:pain=anesthetic:sensation aseptic:disinfections=anesthetic:numbs pain:analgesic:sensation:anesthetic１３thingsotherwisesensation←→anesthesia anew ad. 重新,再 in a new or different form angle n. 角,角落 ；夺取、追逐 to turn, move, or direct at an angle anhydrous a. 无水的 free from water and especially water of crystallization anhydrous←→wet animation n. 活泼,生气,卡通制作 possessing or characterized by life:ALIVE lassitude←→vim/animation annals n. 纪年表,年鉴,年报 a record of events arranged in yearly sequence dictionary:alphabetical=annals:chronological annoy vt. 使苦恼,骚扰 to disturb or irritate especially by repeated acts mawkish:sentimental=peeve:annoy testy:annoy=tractable:control annul v. 宣告无效，取消 to declare or make legally invalid or void annul←→make legal anodyne n. 止痛药 something that soothes, calms, or comforts anomalous a. 不规则的,反常的 inconsistent with or deviating from what is usual, normal, or expected:IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL anomaly:paradigmatic=blemish:flawless anomalous←→typical/conformity to norms anonymous a.匿名的 not named or identified anonymous:identify=nonchalant:excite antagonize vt. 使成敌人,敌对,反对 to incur or provoke the hostility of１４placate←→antagonize synergic←→antagonistic propitiate←→antagonize mollify←→antagonize/ire antennae n. 天线,触须,触角 one of a pair of slender movable segmented sensory organs on the head of insects, myriapods, and crustaceans {antennae:butterfly} anterior a. 前面的,在前的 coming before in time or development anterior←→ensuing anthology n.诗集,文选 a collection of selected literary pieces or passages or works of art or music compendium:summary=anthology:collection antic adj 古怪的，笨拙的 characterized by clownish extravagance or absurdity facetious:speech=antic:behavior anticipatory adj. 1 预想,预期的 2 占先的,先发制人的 to give advance thought, discussion, or treatment to retrospective←→anticipatory antidote n. 解毒剂,解药 a remedy to counteract the effects of poison antidote:poisoning=balm:irritation remedy:disease=antidote:poisoning antipathy n. 憎恶,反感 settled aversion or dislike:DISTASTE antipathy←→affection antique a. 旧式的,过时的 existing since or belonging to earlier times:ANCIENT antiseptic n. 杀菌剂,防腐剂 opposing sepsis, putrefaction, oil:lubricate=antiseptic:disinfect antonym n. 反义字,反义语,对语１５a word of opposite meaning anvil n. 铁砧 a heavy usually steel-faced iron block on which metal is shaped hammer:anvil=pestle:mortar apathy n. 漠然，冷淡 lack of feeling or emotion:IMPASSIVENESS ennui:enthusiastic=fervor:apathetic apex n. 顶点，最高点 the highest or culminating point aphorism n. 格言 a terse formulation of a truth or sentiment:ADAGE brevity:aphorism=distortion:caricature euphemism:offensive=aphorism:diffuse pithiness:aphorism=exaggeration:caricature apocalyptic adj 预示灾祸的，启示的 forecasting the ultimate destiny of the world:PROPHETIC apocalyptic←→inconsequential apocrypha n. 伪经，伪书? writings or statements of dubious authenticity apologist n.辩护士(尤指卫护基督教教义的辩护者) one who speaks or writes in defense of someone or something saboteur:disrupt=apologist:defend apologist←→critic/detractor apophasis n. 『修』故抑其词,以求婉达 apophasis:claim=oxymoron:paradox apophasis:claim=caprice:deliberate apoplectic adj.中风的，易怒的 greatly agitated apoplectic←→calm apostasy n. 背教，脱党 renunciation of a religious faith apostasy:faith=recantation:heresy apostasy←→fidelity１６apostrophe n 书写中撇号（'） （表示省略或所有格） a mark ' used to indicate the omission of letters or figures, the possessive case, or the plural of letters or figures apostrophes:word=ellipsis:sentence appall vt. 使胆寒,使惊骇 to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay appall←→embolden/nerve encourage←→appall apparel vt. 使穿衣,装饰 to put clothes on:DRESS gaudy:apparel=grandiloquent:speak tonsorial:hair=sartorial:apparel appeal vi. 求助,诉请,要求 to make an earnest request remonstrator:dissuade=applicant:appeal appealing a. 引起兴趣的,动人的 having appeal:PLEASING noisome←→appealing appease vt. 安抚,缓和,平息,满足 to bring to a state of peace or quiet:CALM roil←→clarify/appease vex←→pacify/appease/soothe appease←→rile appetite n. 食欲,欲望,爱好 an inherent craving voracity←→lack of appetite applause n. 鼓掌,喝彩,赞许 approval publicly expressed mirth:laughter=approval:applause approve:applause=?? applicant n. 申请者,请求者 one who applies remonstrator:dissuade=applicant:appeal appoint vt. 任命,指定,命令 to name officially appoint:official=cast:actor１７apposite adj. 适当的，恰切的 highly pertinent or appropriate:APT apposite←→extraneous appreciable a. 可感知的,可评估的 capable of being perceived or measured appreciable←→imperceptible apprehension n. 理解,忧惧,逮捕 suspicion or fear especially of future evil:FOREBODING apprehension:terror=affection:adoration apprentice n. 学徒,生手 an inexperienced person:NOVICE approbation n. 认可,嘉许 COMMENDATION, PRAISE praise:approbation=demur:objection censure:blameless=approbation:reprehensible appropriate a. 适当的 especially suitable or compatible:FITTING meet←→inappropriate/unsuitable apt←→extremely inappropriate appropriate v. 盗用 to take or make use of without authority or right lurk:wait=purloin:appropriate/abscond:depart approve vt. 赞同,核准,证实 to have or express a favorable opinion of mirth:laughter=approval:applause approve:applause=?? substantiate←→disapprove approximate a. 大约的,近似的 nearly correct or exact paraphrase:verbatim=approximate:precise stickler:approximation/imprecision=purist:adulteration apt a.易于... unusually fitted or qualified:READY apt←→extremely inappropriate１８apt←→unlikely aquatic a. 水生的,水中的,水上的 growing or living in or frequenting water aerial:air=aquatic:water aqueduct n. 高架渠，渡槽 a conduit for water aqueduct:water=pipeline:gas=vessel:blood aquifer n. 含水土层((含水量足以成为井水或泉水)) a water-bearing stratum of permeable rock, sand, or gravel shaft:lode=well:aquifer arboreal adj. 树木的 of, relating to, or resembling a tree arboreal:trees=sidereal:stars archaic a.古老的 of, relating to, or characteristic of an earlier or more primitive time:ANTIQUATED evanescent:permanence=archaic:currency archaic←→current archipelago n. 群岛,多岛海 an expanse of water with many scattered islands range:mountain=chain:link={archipelago:island } archetype n. 原型 the original pattern or model of which all things of the same type are representations or copies:PROTOTYPE; also :a perfect example harbinger:presage=archetype:exemplify archive n. 档案文件 a place in which public records or historical documents are preserved archive:manuscript=arsenal:weapon archive:records=museum=artifacts arctic a. 北极的,极寒的 bitter cold:FRIGID torrid←→arctic ardor n. 热心,热情１９extreme vigor or energy:INTENSITY assuage:sorrow=dampen:ardor argot n. 隐语,暗语,暗号 an often more or less secret vocabulary and idiom peculiar to a particular group argot←→standard language/common verbalism arid a.干旱的 excessively dry marsh:sodden=desert:arid arid←→damp armory n. 纹章,纹章学,军械库,兵工厂 a place where arms and military equipment are stored pantry:food=armory:weapons arrest vt. 拘捕,妨碍,吸引,阻止 to make inactive arrest←→vitalize arresting adj. 引人注意的; 醒目的; 有趣的 catching the attention:STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE blatant:arresting=odious:disgusting arresting←→banal arrhythmic a. 无节奏的 lacking rhythm or regularity arrhythmic←→regular arrogance n．傲慢，自大 a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner or presumptuous claims mean:prodigality=meek:arrogance confidence:arrogant=inquiry:interrogatory intentional:accidental:arrogant:humble arsenal n. 兵工厂,军械库 a:an establishment for the manufacture or storage of arms and military equipment b:a collection of weapons archive:manuscript=arsenal:weapon articulate vt. 以关节连接,接合,明白地说２０to give clear and effective utterance to:put into words ratiocination:thinking:articulation:talking artifacts n. 史前古器物 something created by humans usually for especially :an object remaining from a particular period archive:records=museum=artifacts artifice n. 巧办法，诡计 false or insincere behavior artifice←→candor artless adj. 朴质; 率直; 拙劣 free from guile or craft:sincerely simple blemish:impeccable=guile:artless artless←→cunning/guile artlessness←→urbanity sly←→artless artless←→disingenuous ascendant n. 运星,运道,支配力,优势 governing or controlling influence:DOMINATION ascendant←→having no influence ascent n. 上升,上坡路 an upward slope or rising grade:ACCLIVITY ascetic adj. 禁欲的 n. 苦行者 austere in appearance, manner, or attitude glutton:overindulgence=ascetic:self denial sybarite←→ascetic voluptuary←→ascetic indulgent←→ascetic aseptic adj. 无菌的，洁净的 preventing infection aseptic:disinfections=anesthetic:numbs askew adj. 歪斜的 v. 歪斜，弯曲 out of line:AWRY aligned←→askew{curve} asperity n．粗鲁，艰苦 roughness of manner or of temper:HARSHNESS２１asperity:optimistic=?? asperity←→mildness of temper aspiration n．渴望，热望 a strong desire to achieve something high or great audacious:trepidation=laconic:aspiration assert vt. 主张,声明,断言 to state or declare positively and often forcefully or aggressively calumny:assertion=perjury:testimony assess v.估价,评价 to determine the importance, size, or value of assess:value=plumb:depth asset n. 资产,有用的东西 the entire property of a person, association, corporation, or estate applicable or subject to the payment of debts asset←→liability assiduous adj．勤勉的，专心的 marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent application assiduous←→remiss assuage vt. 缓和,减轻,镇定 to lessen the intensity of (something that pains or distresses):EASE assuage:sorrow=dampen:ardor assuage←→intensify/inflame gall←→calm/assuage assume vt. 假定,承担,摆架子 to take to or upon oneself:UNDERTAKE abdicate←→assume assume←→refuse unassuming←→overbearing astounding a. 令人惊骇的 causing astonishment or amazement indelible:forget=astounding:expect astute a. 机敏的,狡猾的 having or showing shrewdness and perspicacity asunder ad.分开,化为碎片２２into parts asymmetrical adj. 不匀称的,不对称的,不均匀的 not symmetrical circular:asymmetrical:protean:rigid asylum n. 庇护,收容所 an inviolable place of refuge and protection giving shelter to criminals and debtors:SANCTUARY refugee:asylum atone v. 赎罪，补偿 to supply satisfaction for:EXPIATE atrocious adj.残忍的,凶恶的 (n. atrocity) extremely wicked, brutal, or cruel:BARBARIC atrocious:bad=momentous:important attenuate v.变薄,变弱 to lessen the amount, force, magnitude, or value of:WEAKEN attenuate:force=decelerate:speed attenuate:thickness=cool:temperature/enervate=vitality/debilitate: strength collapse:volume=attenuate:thickness debase:value=attenuate:force auction n.拍卖 a sale of property to the highest bidder audacious adj. 大胆的，愚勇的 intrepidly daring:ADVENTUROUS audacious:trepidation=laconic:aspiration audacious:cautious=?? circumspect←→audacious/reckless/direct encounter audible a. 听得见的 heard or capable of being heard audible:stentorian=discernable:obvious augur n. 占兆官,占卜师,相命者 to foretell especially from omens augur:predict=pundit:opine intercessor:mediate=augur:prediction pundit:opinion=augur:prediction２３worship:sacrifice=prediction:augury augury:appearance=?? auspicious adj.吉兆的；幸运的 affording a favorable auspice:PROPITIOUS auspicious←→boding ill austere a.朴素的,(人)正经的;(经济)紧缩的 markedly simple or unadorned abstemious:indulge=austere:decorate baroque←→austere authenticity n. 确实性,真实性 not false or imitation:REAL, ACTUAL authenticity:fraudulent=sincerity:hypocritical genuine:authenticity=honest:trust discompose:pacific=fabricate:authentic authority n. 权威,专家,威信 power to influence or command thought, opinion, or behavior authoritative:acceptance=conspicuous:attention authoritativeness:pundits=allegiance:partisans contumacious:authority=reactionary/hidebound/conservative:chang e/innovation/novelty avarice n.贪婪 excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain:GREEDINESS, CUPIDITY avarice:money=gluttony:food stoic:perturb=avaricious:satisfy aversion n.嫌恶,憎恨 a feeling of repugnance toward something with a desire to avoid or turn from aversion:disinclination=adulation:admiration aversion:inclination=?? affinity←→aversion aversion←→court penchant←→aversion propensity←→aversion avid adj.热切的，贪婪的 characterized by enthusiasm and vigorous pursuit reverence:respect=avidity:enthusiasm２４avid←→indifferent awash a. 与水面齐平的,被浪冲打的 covered with water:FLOODED awash←→dry awe n. 敬畏 an emotion variously combining dread, veneration, and wonder that is inspired by authority or by the sacred or sublime redoubtable:regard/awe=despicable:scorn/contempt/disregard awe←→irreverence awkward a. 笨拙的 lacking dexterity or skill craven:admirable=deft:awkward dexterous:awkward=?? lithe←→awkward svelte←→paunchy and awkward awl n. 锥子,尖钻 a pointed tool for marking surfaces or piercing small holes (as in leather or wood) awl:pierce=pestle:hash awning n.雨篷，遮阳篷 a rooflike cover extending over or in front of a place (as over the deck or in front of a door or window) as a shelter awning:sun=umbrella:rain awry adj. 扭曲的，走样的 in a turned or twisted position or direction:ASKEW awry←→orderly/aligned babble vt.唠叨；说话不清 to utter meaningless or unintelligible sounds babble:sense=parrot=originality babble←→express succinctly backdrop n. 背景幕,背景 a painted cloth hung across the rear of a stage placebo:painkiller=backdrop:vista backset SETBACK n. 倒退,逆流,涡流２５backset←→hike badge n. 半自动防空警戒管制组织,徽章,标记 a device or token especially of membership in a society or group chevron:badge=caisson:cart badger vt. 纠缠 to harass or annoy persistently badger:bother=belabor:mention badinage n. 打趣，嘲弄 playful repartee:BANTER badinage←→serious conversation bait n.饵；引诱物 ENTICE, LURE bait←→disarm baleful adj. 邪恶的，恶意的 deadly or pernicious in influence balk n. 障碍,错误,失败 vt. 阻止,突然停止,退缩 to check or stop by or as if by an obstacle:BLOCK balk←→move ahead willingly balky a. 停蹄不前的 refusing or likely to refuse to proceed, act, or function as directed or expected balky←→tractable ballad n. 民谣 a narrative composition in rhythmic verse suitable for singing ballad:stanza=novel:chapter ballet n. 芭蕾舞 a theatrical art form using dancing, music, and scenery to convey a story, theme, or atmosphere instrumentalist:symphony=dancer:ballet balm n. 香油，药膏; 安慰; 慰藉 a soothing restorative agency antidote:poisoning=balm:irritation balm←→irritant inclement←→balmy２６balmy←→piquant bamboozle v. 欺骗，隐瞒 to deceive by underhanded methods:DUPE, HOODWINK ban n. 禁令 to prohibit especially by legal meansban:protectbanal a.陈腐的 lacking originality, freshness, or novelty:TRITE equivocation:ambiguous=platitude:banal arresting←→banal banal←→novel banality←→freshness trite←→unbanal baneful adj.有害的,致祸的 productive of destruction or woe:seriously harmful banish vt. 驱逐,消除 to drive out or remove from a home or place of usual resort or continuance evict:residence=banish:country banister n. 栏杆的支柱,楼梯的扶栏 a handrail with its supporting posts staircase:banister=garden:fence barb n. 尖锐而严厉的批评 a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment barb:caustic=pan:harsh barefaced a. 公然的,无耻的,无面具的 a:OPEN, UNCONCEALED b:lacking scruples barefaced←→surreptitious bargain n. 交易,买卖,物美价廉的东西 to negotiate over the terms of a purchase, agreement, or contract:HAGGLE debate:issue=bargain:price baroque characterized n./adj. (艺术、建筑等)高度装饰的，过份雕琢的 by grotesqueness, extravagance, complexity,２７orflamboyance baroque←→austere barter n. 物物交换,实物交易 to trade by exchanging one commodity for another correspond:letters=barter:commodities jog:exercise=barter:trade base a. 卑鄙的,低级的 being of comparatively low value and having relatively inferior properties debase:value=attenuate:force base←→virtuous base←→noble sublime←→base/common baseboard n. 护壁板,脚板 a molding covering the joint of a wall and the adjoining floor veneer:furniture=baseboard:wall bathetic adj. 平凡的,陈腐的,顿降的 exceptional commonplaceness:TRITENESS bedeck vt. 装饰,修饰 to clothe with finery:DECK bedeck←→strip bedlam n. 混乱,骚乱,疯人院 a place, scene, or state of uproar and confusion tumultuous:bedlam=active:hive belabor vt. 冗长的解释，痛打 to explain or insist on excessively badger:bother=belabor:mention beleaguer vt. 使困扰,使烦恼,围攻 TROUBLE, HARASS beleaguer←→delight belie v. ①掩饰，②证明为假 to show (something) to be false or wrong belie←→affirm belittle vt. 轻视,使渺小２８to speak slightingly of:DISPARAGE belletristic a. 文学研究的,纯文学的bellicose adj. 好战的，好斗的 favoring or inclined to start quarrels or wars imperious:servile=bellicose:peaceable bellicose←→appeasing belligerence n. 交战,好战性,斗争性 an aggressive or truculent attitude, atmosphere, or disposition bemoan vt. 惋惜,认为遗憾,哀叹 to express deep grief or distress over bend vi. 弯曲,屈服 to make submissive:SUBDUE，COMPROMISE bend:rigid=submerge:buoyant=dissolve:insoluble benediction n. 祝福 the invocation of a blessing curse←→benediction beneficent a. 仁慈的,慈善的,善行的 doi especially :performing acts of kindness and charity beneficent:harm=tenacious:yield philanthropist:beneficence=comedian:humor noxious←→beneficial toxic←→beneficial bequest n. 遗赠物,遗产,遗赠 something bequeathed:LEGACY heirloom:ancestor=bequest:testator beseech v. 祈求，恳求? to request earnestly:IMPLORE supplicant:beseeching=coquette=flirtatious besmirch v. 诽谤，玷污? SULLY, SOIL besmirch←→honor betray vt.背叛；辜负；泄漏２９to deliver to an enemy by treachery bibliophile n. 爱书者,藏书家 a lover of books especially for also :a book collector bibliophile:books=gourmet:food {calligrapher:handwriting} bigot n. （宗教，政治等的）盲信者，顽固者 a person obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his or her own opinions and prejudices bigot:tolerance=turncoat:constancy bigot=dedication=rage:anger bigoted:advice=conservative:change posturer:unaffected=bigot:tolerant bigot:tolerant:provincial:cosmopolitan{servile:domination} bit n. 钻头 the jaws of tongs or pincers bit:drill=blade:razor blackout n.(幕间或剧中)灯暗;临时眩晕;删除;新闻封锁) a blotting out by censorship:SUPPRESSION bland a. 温和的,乏味的,冷漠的 DULL, INSIPID pungency←→blandness tangy←→bland blandishment n.奉承 something that tends to coax or cajole:ALLUREMENT blandishment:cajole=obstacle:impede blandishment:coax=medal:honor/prevarication:deceive blandishment←→threat blase adj. 1 对享乐 [人生] 等厌倦的 apathetic to pleasure or excitement as a result of excessive indulgence or enjoyment miser:munificent:zealot:blase blaspheme vt.vi. 亵渎 REVILE, ABUSE blast n.一阵（风） ；v. 爆破 a violent gust of wind blast:whiff=gush:trickle３０blatant adj. 喧哗的，无耻的? completely obvious, conspicuous, or obtrusive especially in a crass or offensive manner:BRAZEN ambiguous:understand=blatant:ignore blatant:arresting=odious:disgusting blatant←→inconspicuous/unimpressive/unobtrusive blatant←→subtle blazon vt. 以家徽装饰,宣布 to publish widely:PROCLAIM alliterate:remove=blazon:efface blazon:adorn=pillar:support blazon←→efface bleach vt. 漂白 to remove color or stains from blemish v. 损害，玷污 n. 瑕疵，缺点 to spoil by a flaw blemish:impeccable=guile:artless blender n. 混合的人,混合器,搅拌器 an electric appliance for grinding or mixing blight n. 植物枯萎病 v. 使…枯萎? a disease or injury of plants resulting in withering, cessation of growth, and death of parts without rotting blighted←→hale blimp n. 软式小型飞船,顽固的保守分子 a nonrigid airship bliss n.狂喜 complete happiness dislike:loathing=pleasure:bliss blunder v．犯大错 n．愚蠢之举 a gross error or mistake resulting usually from stupidity, ignorance, or carelessness protocol:blunder=bumper:damage blunt a. 钝的,坦率的,麻痹的 blunt←→whet３１blurb n. 大肆宣传 a short publicity notice blurb:notice=gloss:explanation bluster vt. 风狂吹,咆哮,汹涌 to talk or act with noisy swaggering threats blustering:speak=swaggering:walk pontificate:pompous=scoff:derisive=drawl:slow=bluster:loud=prate :aimless boding n. 凶兆,前兆,预感 an omen, prediction, or presentiment evil:PORTENT ,FOREBODING auspicious←→boding illespeciallyofcomingboggle vi. 犹豫,踌躇,吃惊,搪塞 to hesitate because of doubt, fear, or scruples boggle←→embolden boisterous adj. 喧闹的，欢闹的 noisily turbulent:ROWDY boisterous←→quiet bolster n. 枕垫 v. 支持，鼓励 a structural part designed to eliminate friction or provide support or bearing bolster:support=tackle:hoist bombast n. 夸大的言辞 pretentious inflated speech or writing nonsensical:drivel=pompous:bombast bombast←→down to earth language/understated/unpretentious bonhomie n. 好性情,温和,和蔼 good-natured easy friendliness congenial:bonhomie=?? bonhomie:good natured=?? bonus n. 奖金,红利 something in addition to what is expected or strictly due bonus:employee={decoration:soldier} boon n. 恩惠 BENEFIT, FAVOR３２boon←→misfortune boor n. 粗野的人,不懂礼貌的人,农民 a rude or insensitive person insensitive:boor=mischievous:imp bootless a. 无用的,无益者 USELESS, UNPROFITABLE bootless:futility=effulgent:resplendence interesting:intriguing=bootless:futile bore vt. 使烦扰,钻孔 to make a hole by or as if by boring die:shaping=drill:boring entrancing←→disappoint, disgust, repel, bore bottleneck n.瓶颈口,(喻)交通易阻塞的狭口;妨碍生产流程的一环 NARROW {bottleneck:indefinite} bough n. 大树枝 especially :a main branch box vi. 拳击 to fight with the fists:engage in boxing box:fight:debate:argue bracing adj. 增加气力的,令人振奋的,提神的,使心神清爽的 giving strength, vigor, or freshness bracing←→vapid bracket n. 支架,括弧,托架 an overhanging member that projects from a structure (as a wall) and is usually designed to support a vertical load or to strengthen an angle buttress:wall=bracket:shelf brackish a. 有盐味的,可厌的 REPULSIVE brackish:repulse braided adj. 编织成的,梳成辫子的,编成缏的;束 made by intertwining three or more strands grooved:striated=braided:stranded３３brake n. 刹车,阻碍,丛林 to retard or stop by a brake divert:shunt=retard:brake brash a. 性急的,仓促的,无礼的,傲慢的 done in haste without regard for consequences frivolous:gravity=brash:discretion brassy a. 似黄铜的,厚脸皮的 being shamelessly bold diffident←→brassy furtive←→open/forthright/brassy brassy←→humble brattish adj. (指小孩) 讨厌的; 宠坏的; 不听话的; 不礼貌的 an ill-mannered annoying child tightfisted:parsimonious=brattish:mischievous bravura adj. 雄壮华丽的,气势磅礴的 marked by an ostentatious display of skill bravura:performance=resplendent:appearance brazen a. 黄铜制的,厚颜无耻的 marked by contemptuous boldness impudence:brazen=deadpan:impassive brazen←→modest breach v. 毁坏，泄密 n. 缺口? to make a breach in breach←→solder solder←→breach breezeway n. 有屋顶的通路 a roofed often open passage connecting two buildings (as a house and garage) or halves of a building breezeway:building=stairway:floor brevity n.简短,简洁 shortness or conciseness of expression brevity:aphorism=distortion:caricature exaggeration:caricature=brevity:epigram bribe v. & n. 贿赂，收买３４to induce or influence by or as if by bribery bribe:incorruptible=affect:insensible bridle v. 限制,阻止 to restrain, check, or control with or as if with a bridle bridled←→without restraint brisk a. 敏锐的,凛冽的,活泼的 keenly alert:LIVELY ponderous←→lively/vibrant/briskly bristle n. 硬毛 v. 气势汹汹，直立,发怒,充满 to take on an aggressive attitude or appearance (as in response to a slight) bristle←→cower brittle a. 易碎的,脆弱的,易坏的 easily broken, cracked, or snapped manifest:perceive=brittle:break broach v. ①开瓶 ②提出(问题) to open for the first time broach←→close off bromide n. 溴化物（镇静药用） ，平庸的人或物 a commonplace or hackneyed statement or notion equivocation:misleading=bromide:hackneyed browbeat vt. (用神情、言词) 威吓; 严词厉色地斥责 instigator：incite=bully:browbeat bruit vt. 散播 to noise abroad:REPORT bruit←→keep secret buck n. ①雄鹿 ②美元 to refuse assent:BALK buck←→assent to v. (马)跳跃，反对,吹牛,闲聊bucolic adj. 乡村的，牧羊的 relating to or typical of rural life palatial:hovel=city:bucolic bucolic←→urban３５budge vi. 移动,微微一动,放弃 to give way:YIELD palter:candor=diehard:budge buffoon n.丑角，缺乏教养之人 a ludicrous figure:CLOWN ludicrous:buffoon=dissolute:libertine=humorous:wag bully n. 欺凌弱小者,土霸 one habitually cruel to others who are weaker instigator：incite:bully:browbeat underdog←→bully bumper n. 缓冲器,满杯,丰收 a device for absorbing shock or preventing damage protocol:blunder=bumper:damage bumptious a. 瞎自夸的,瞎自大的,傲慢的 presumptuously, obtusely, and often self-assertive:OBTRUSIVE dour:geniality=bumptious:humbleness impetuous:vacillation/hesitation=bumptious:humbleness bumptious←→humble bung n. (桶口等的) 塞子 the stopper especially in the bunghole of a cask bungle vt.vi. 拙劣地工作,粗制滥造,失败 to act or work clumsily and awkwardly bungle←→bring off buoy vt. 使浮起,支撑,鼓励 SUPPORT, UPLIFT buoyed←→unsupported buoyant adj．易浮的，快乐的 a:capable of floating b:CHEERFUL, GAY bend:rigid=submerge:buoyant=dissolve:insoluble hangdog←→buoyant buoyant←→sink burgeon v. 迅速成长，发展 to grow and expand rapidly:FLOURISH burgeon←→wither３６noisilyburgeon←→subdue burial n.安葬，埋葬，埋藏 the act or process of burying inter:burial=obliterate:removal burlesque n. 讽刺或滑稽的戏剧 mockery usually by caricature diatribe:abuse=burlesque:mockery doggerel:verse=burlesque:play burnish v. 擦亮，磨光 to make shiny or lustrous especially by rubbing numb:insensible:burnish:lustrous burrow n. （兔子等）所掘的地洞，v. 挖洞 to construct by tunneling ditch:canyon=burrow:cavern buttress n.扶墙,拱壁 a projecting structure of masonry or wood for supporting or giving stability to a wall or building strut:wing=buttress:wall buttress:wall=bracket:shelf buttress v.支持 to furnish or shore up STRENGTHEN contravene←→buttresswithaalso:SUPPORT,bygone n. 过去的事,往事 gone by:PAST; especially :OUTMODED byline n. （列作者名字的）报刊文章首行? a line at the beginning of a news story, magazine article, or book giving the writer's name article:byline=movie:credits cabal n. 徒党,秘密结社,(尤指政治上的)阴谋 the artifices and intrigues of a group of persons secretly united to bring about an overturn or usurpation especially in public affairs cabal:association=plot:plan cacophony n. 刺耳的声音３７harsh or discordant sound:DISSONANCE cacophony:sound=malodor:scent cacophonous←→dulcet/euphonious cadge v.行乞，乞求 BEG, SPONGE cadge←→earn !caisson n. 弹药箱,弹药车,潜水箱(水中工程用) a usually 2-wheeled vehicle for artillery ammunition attachable to a horse-drawn limber chevron:badge=caisson:cart cajole v. （以甜言蜜语）哄骗 to persuade with flattery or gentle urging especially in the face of reluctance:COAX blandishment:cajole=obstacle:impede calamitous a. 多灾难的,不幸的 being, causing, or accompanied by calamity calcify vi. 变成石灰质,钙化 to make inflexible or unchangeablecalcification←→flexibilitycalibrate vt. 测定口径,校准,查看刻度,划刻度 to determine, rectify, or mark the graduations of measure:dimensions=calibrate:diameter=gauge:pressure=plumb:d epth calibrated←→unstandardized calligrapher n. 书法家 one who writes a beautiful hand bibliophile:books=gourmet:food {calligrapher:handwriting} callow adj． （鸟）未生羽毛的， （人）未成熟的 lacking adult sophistication:IMMATURE frank:secretiveness=callow:maturity callow←→behaving with adult sophistication callus n. 皮肤的硬结,胼胝,(植物伤口的)愈合组织 a thickening of or a hard thickened area on skin or bark gully:erosion=callus:friction calorie n. 卡路里３８the amount of heat required at a pressure of one atmosphere to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius that is equal to about 4.19 joules power:watt=heat:calorie=decibel:sound=volt:electricity calumniate v. 诽谤，中伤( adj. Calumnious) to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or imputations about corroborate:evidence=calumniate:falsehood calumny:assertion=perjury:testimony calumniate←→vindicate calumnious:←→flattering calumny←→approbation cameo n. 刻有浮雕的宝石或贝壳 a small piece of sculpture on a stone or shell cut in relief in one layer with another contrasting layer serving as background peccadillo:offense=cameo:sculpture candidate n. 候选人,投考者 one that aspires to or is nominated or qualified for an office, membership, or award roster:personnel=slate:candidate ballot:candidates=?? candor n. 坦白,直率 unreserved, honest, or sincere expression:FORTHRIGHTNESS palter:candor=diehard:budge artifice←→candor canon n. 教会法规,圣典,准则 (1)the authentic works of a writer (2)a regulation or dogma decreed by a church council religion:devoutness canon:orthodoxy canon←→apocrypha canonical←→nontraditional cantankerous adj．脾气坏的，好争吵的 difficult or irritating to deal with canvas n. 帆布,画布,油画 a piece of cloth backed or framed as a surface for a painting canvas:painter=marble:sculptor canvass v.游说３９to seek orders or votes:SOLICIT exponent:advocate=pollster:canvass canyon n. 峡谷,溪谷 a deep narrow valley with steep sides and often with a stream flowing through it ditch:canyon=burrow:cavern capitulate v. （有条件地）投降 to cease resisting:ACQUIESCE acquiesce:yield=capitulate:categorical capitulate←→resist capitulation←→resistance caprice n.异想天开 a sudden, impulsive, and seemingly unmotivated notion or action caprice:whimsical=stealth:furtive=discontent:unsatisfied apophasis:claim=caprice:deliberate capricious←→steadfast caprice←→confirmation caption n. 说明,字幕,标题 the part of a legal document that shows where, when, and by what authority it was taken, found, or executed captivate vt. 迷住,迷惑 to influence and dominate by some special charm, art, or trait and with an irresistible appeal captivate←→repulse careworn a. 疲倦的,饱经忧患的 showing the effect of grief or anxiety careworn←→lighthearted caricature n. 讽刺画，滑稽模仿 exaggeration by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts or characteristics brevity:aphorism=distortion:caricature caricature:presentation exaggeration:caricature=brevity:epigram pithiness:aphorism=exaggeration:caricature carouse vi. 痛饮,畅饮 to drink liquor deeply or freely４０roisterer:carouse=recluse:withdraw carp vi. 吹毛求疵,挑剔 to find fault or complain querulously caviler:carping=libertine:licentious complain:carp=drink:guzzle cartographer n. 绘制地图者 one that makes maps cartographer:map=tailor:clothing/lexicographer:dictionary cast n. 演员阵容,投掷,性质 the set of actors in a dramatic production appoint:official=cast:actor letter:signature=playbill:cast castigation n. 申斥，强烈反对? to subject to severe punishment, reproof, or criticism castigation:disapproval=misbehave:crime castigation:reproof=denunciation:denial/glorification:merit peccadillo:sin=admonishment:castigation catalyze vt. 催化 BRING ABOUT, INSPIRE catalyze←→retard !cataract n. 大瀑布,奔流,洪水,白内障 WATERFALL; especially :a large one over a precipice catastrophe n. 大灾难,大祸 a momentous tragic event ranging from extreme misfortune to utter overthrow or ruin catastrophe:mishap=humiliation:embarrassment categorical adj. 无条件的，绝对的 ABSOLUTE, UNQUALIFIED acquiesce:yield=capitulate:categorical categorical←→qualified/conditional cater vi.迎合，投合 to supply what is required or desired catholic a.天主教的,宽宏大量的,一般的,普遍的 COMPREHENSIVE, UNIVERSAL; especially :broad in sympathies,４１tastes, or interests catholic←→narrow caustic adj．腐蚀性的，刻薄的 marked by incisive sarcasm barb:caustic=pan:harsh caustic:eat away=desiccant:dry caustic:smoothing:?? caustic←→palliating/genial !caveat n.警告; 防止误解的说明 a warning enjoining one from certain acts or practices overture:introductory=caveat:warning cavern n. 巨穴,洞窟 CAVE; especially :one of large or indefinite extent ditch:canyon=burrow:cavern cavil v．挑毛病，吹毛求疵 to raise trivial and frivolous objection cavil:criticize=probe:investigate caviler:carping=libertine:licentious encomiast:eulogize=quibble:cavil nitpick:criticize=cavil:object nitpicker:criticize=preacher:sermon=quibbler:cavil !cavort vi. 腾跃 to walk or move in a spirited manner dodder:unsteady=cavort:sprightly cede vt. 放弃 to yield or grant typically by treaty cede:possess=?? celebrity n. 名声,名人 the state of being celebrated celebrity←→obscurity cement n.水泥;胶粘剂 to unite or make firm by or as if by cement cement←→fracture censor vt. 检查,审查,删改 to examine in order to suppress or delete anything considered４２：PRANCEobjectionable censorship:communication=preservative:decay censorship:information=sanitation:disease vendor:purvey=censor:expurgate censorious a. 受批判的,挑剔的 marked by or given to censure censure n./v. 责难，非难 to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy lamentable:pity=reprehensible:censure remonstrance:dissuade=reprehensible:censure censure:blameless=approbation:reprehensible exonerate←→censure extol←→censure census n. 户口普查 a count of the population census:population=inventory:stock centrifuge n. 离心分离机 a machine using centrifugal force for separating substances of different densities, for removing moisture, or for simulating gravitational effects centrifuge:separate=colander:drain ceremony n. 典礼,仪式,礼节 a formal act or series of acts prescribed by ritual, protocol, or convention affidavit:statement=wedding:ceremony cessation n. 中止， （短暂的）停止 a temporary or final ceasing (as of action):STOP cessation←→commencement chaff n. 谷壳,糠,揶揄 the seed coverings and other debris separated from the seed in threshing grain winnow:chaff=filter:impurities chagrin n. 懊恼 disquietude or distress disappointment, or failureofmindcausedbyhumiliation,４３chamber n. 室,房间,枪膛 a. 室内的 a natural or artificial enclosed space or cavity chameleon n. 变色龙,善变的人,轻浮的人 any of a family (Chameleon ) of chiefly arboreal Old World lizards with prehensile tail, independently movable eyeballs, and unusual ability to change the color of the skin salmon:ichthyologist=chameleon:herpetologist champion vt. 保卫,拥护 to act as militant supporter of:UPHOLD, ADVOCATE champion←→disparage impugn←→champion charade n. 看手势猜字谜游戏 a word represented in riddling verse or by picture, tableau, or dramatic action charade:word=mime:story charade:dissimulate=?? charlatan n. 吹牛者 one making usually showy pretenses to knowledge or ability:FRAUD, FAKER chasm n. 深渊，大差别，代沟 a deep cleft in the surface of a planet (as the earth):GORGE cleft:chasm=cut:gash check n.支票 ；阻止 to block the progress of jolt:move=check:stop propagate←→check chef n. 厨师 a skilled cook who manages the kitchen (as of a restaurant) !cherubic a. 天使的,无邪的,可爱的 innocent-looking usually chubby and rosy cherubic←→somber !chevron n. 山形袖章,回文状雕饰 a sleeve badge that usually consists of one or more chevron-shaped stripes that indicates the wearer's rank and service (as in the armed forces)４４chevron:badge=caisson:cart !chiaroscuro n.(绘画中的)明暗对照法;用明暗对照法绘的图画 the interplay or contrast of dissimilar qualities chiaroscuro:contrast=tapestry:intricacy [filigree:delicacy ] chic adj. 漂亮的，时髦的 smart elegance and sophistication manner:STYLEespeciallyofdressorchicanery n．欺诈，欺骗 deception by artful subterfuge or sophistry:TRICKERY chicanery:clever=tactlessness:truthful gullible:chicanery=servile:domination chide vt.vi. 斥责,责骂 to voice disapproval to:reproach in a usually mild and constructive manner:SCOLD chide:pillory=humor:mollycoddle chip n. 晶片,薄片,碎片 a small usually thin and flat piece (as of wood or stone) cut, struck, or flaked off chip:stone=shard:glass choke vt. 窒息,阻塞,噎,抑制 to check normal breathing of by compressing or obstructing the trachea or by poisoning or adulterating available air smother:choke=?? !choleric adj. 易怒的，暴躁的 easily moved to often unreasonable anger:hot-tempered choleric←→difficult to provokeorexcessivechoreography n. 舞蹈，舞蹈编排 the composition and arrangement of dances especially for ballet choreography:dance=plot:story chronic a.长期的,慢性的,惯常的,经常的 always pr especially :constantly vexing, weakening, or troubling chronic←→sporadic４５chronicle n. 年代记,记录,编年史 a usually continuous historical account of events arranged in order of time without analysis or interpretation chronological adj. 按年月顺序的 of, relating to, or arranged in or according to the order of time dictionary:alphabetical=annals:chronological churlish adj. 脾气暴躁的,粗野的 marked by a lack of civility or graciousness:SURLY complaisance←→churlishness cinder n. 煤渣,灰烬 the slag from a metal furnace:DROSS cipher n.暗号,密码 a method of transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning cipher:cryptic=precis:concise circuitous a. 迂回的路的,迂曲的,绕行的 not being forthright or direct in language or action immaterial:relevance=circuitous:directness circumference n. 圆周,周围,胸围 the perimeter of a circle border:country=circumference:circle !circumlocutory a. 委婉曲折的,迂回的 the use of an unnecessarily large number of words to express an idea circumlocutory←→direct encounter circumspect adj.慎重的；小心的 careful to consider all circumstances consequences:PRUDENT circumspect←→audacious/reckless temerity←→circumspectionandpossiblecircumvent vt. 绕行,陷害,包围,智取 to manage to get around especially by ingenuity or stratagem circumvent←→confront circumvention←→direct encounter cistern n. 贮水器,水槽,水箱４６an artificial reservoir (as an underground tank) for storing liquids and especially water (as rainwater) cistern:liquids=landfill:refuse citation n. 引用,引证,引用文,传票 an official summons to appear (as before a court) summons:citation=?? civility n. 礼貌,端庄 COURTESY, POLITENESS civility←→rudeness clandestine adj.秘密的 marked by, held in, or conducted with secrecy:SURREPTITIOUS clandestine:secretly=overt:openly clandestine←→open clarion n. 尖音号角,a. 清澈响亮的 loud and clear clarion←→soft and undistinct clarity n. 清楚,透明 the quality or state of being clear:LUCIDITY ambiguous:clarity=mendacious:truth consensus:factionalism=clarity:confusion equivocation:clarity=prevarication:truth equivocation:truth=euphemism:offense/obfuscation:clarity misunderstood:clarify=erroneous:retract ramshackle:soundness=garbled:clarity roil←→clarify/appease obfuscate←→clarify clasp n. 扣子,钩,紧握 a device (as a hook) for holding objects or parts together lathe:shape=clasp:fasten cleft n.裂缝 a usually V-shaped indented formation:a hollow between ridges or protuberances cleft:chasm=cut:gash clement adj.仁慈的，温和的 inclined to be merciful:LENIENT４７cliche a. 陈腐的 a trite phrase or expression hodgepodge:uniformity=cliche:original cling vi. 粘紧,附着,紧贴,坚持 to hold together clique n. 朋党派系，小集团? a narrow exclusive circle especially :one held together by common interests, views, or purposes clique:intimates=flock:sheep clog n. 障碍,重物 v.障碍,阻塞 something that shackles or impedes:ENCUMBRANCE clog:drainage=stalemate:negotiations closet n. 壁橱,小室 a. 秘密的,空论的 a cabinet or recess for especially china, household utensils, or clothing pantry:food=closet (wardrobe):clothes clot n. 凝块,群 a coagulated mass produced by clotting of blood clot:dissolved=crowd:dispersed cloudburst n. 倾盆大雨,豪雨 a sudden copious rainfall gust:wind=cloudburst=rainfall clout n. 权力,势力 PULL, INFLUENCE clout←→impuissance cloying adj. 甜得发腻的? excessively sweet or sentimental garrulous:talkative=cloying:sweet loquacious:talkative=cloying:sweet clumsy a. 笨拙的,不雅观的,粗陋的 lacking dexterity, nimbleness, or grace inane←→clumsy coagulant n. 凝结剂 something that produces coagulation coagulant:thicken=solvent:dissolve４８coalesce v.合并,联合,结合 to unite into a whole:FUSE coalesce←→disaggregate coarse a. 粗略的 not precise or detailed with respect to adjustment or discrimination fastidious←→coarse coax vt.用巧言诱哄 to manipulate with great perseverance and usually considerable effort toward a desired state or activity equivocation:coax=explanation:enlighten blandishment:coax=medal:honor/prevarication:deceive equivocation:coax=explanation:enlightenwithcoda n. 终结句,乐章结尾部,完结部 a concluding musical section that is formally distinct from the main structure dessert:meal=epilogue:play=coda:sonata coeval adj. 同年龄的，同时代的? of the same or equal age, antiquity, or duration congruent:dimension=coeval:age cogent adj. 有说服力的 appealing forcibly to the mind or reason:CONVINCING cogent:convince=repugnant:repel cognizant a. 已认识,既知道,晓得 knowledgeable of something especially through personal experience incognizance:knowledgeable=penury:wealthy cognizant←→oblivious colander n. 滤器，漏勺 a perforated utensil for washing or draining food centrifuge:separate=colander:drain collapse vt.使倒塌 vi. n.倒塌 to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely collapse:implode=divide:sunder collapse:volume=attenuate:thickness collude v. 串通，共谋４９CONSPIRE, PLOT collude:cooperate=smuggle:convey colonnade n. 柱廊 a series of columns set at regular intervals and usually supporting the base of a roof structure colonnade:pillar=queue:person coma n. 昏迷状态 a state of profound unconsciousness caused by disease, injury, or poison coma:unconsciousness=delirium:confusion combustible a. 易燃的,燃烧性的,易动激情的 capable of combustion impervious:friable=nonflammable:combustible comely n. 清秀,美丽,合宜 having a pleasing appearance:not homely or plain comeliness←→unattractiveness commencement n. 开始 an act, instance, or time of beginning cessation←→commencement cease←→inaugurate/commencement commencement n. (大学的)毕业典礼 the ceremonies or the day for conferring degrees or diplomas commencement←→matriculation commend vt. 委托给,推荐,嘉奖 to mention with approbation:PRAISE execrable←→commendable/laudable commensurate adj. 同样大小的，相称的 equal in measure or extent:COEXTENSIVE preponderant←→commensurate tantamount←→incommensurate commentary n. 注释,评论,批评 an explanatory treatise commercial n. 广告节目 an advertisement broadcast on radio or television５０advertising:commercial=publishing:journal commitment n. 委托,实行,承担义务,赞助 (1) an engagement to assume a financial obligation at a future date (2) the state or an instance of being obligated or emotionally impelled crime:misdemeanor=commitment:decision dilettante:commitment=nonentity:consequence disaffected:contentment=dubious:commitment/conviction ambivalent←→commitment committed adj.在…方面]受约束的,受束缚的[in] 献身于 [主义、主 张] 的,致力于 OBLIGATE, BIND profligate:solvent=mercurial:committed commodious adj.宽敞的 comfortably or conveniently spacious:ROOMY taut:commodious=extraordinary:purlieu constricted/(cramped)commodious ← →commonsense a. 具有常识的 sound and prudent but often unsophisticated judgment preposterous←→commonsensical !commotion n.骚动，动乱 an agitated disturbance:TO-DO squall:commotion=flash:illumination compendium n. 简要，概略 a brief summary of a larger work knowledge:ABSTRACT compendium:summary=anthology:collection encyclopedia:compendious=?? compensate vt.vi. 偿还,补偿,付报酬 to offset an error, defect, or undesired effect !complaisance n. 彬彬有礼,殷勤,柔顺 disposition to please or comply:AFFABILITY complaisance:intractable=adeptness:maladroit complaisance←→churlishness complaisance←→obstinacy５１orofafieldofcompliant a. 顺从的,适应的 ready or disposed to comply:SUBMISSIVE compliant:servile=trusting:gullible obsequious:fawn=compliant:yield compliment vt. 称赞,褒扬,恭维 expressing or containing a compliment apologize:contrite=compliment:impressed vituperative←→complimentary comply vi. 顺从,答应 to conform or adapt one's actions to another's wishes, to a rule, or to necessity mandatory:comply=forbidden:abstain composed a. 镇静的,沉着的 free from agitation:CALM; especially :SELF-POSSESSED distraught←→composed compress vt. 压缩,压榨 to reduce in size or volume as if by squeezing compression←→increase in volume distention←→compression compromise n. 妥协,折衷,折衷案,和解 to come to agreement by mutual concession mediation:compromise=prosecution:conviction implacable:compromise=honest:swindle intransigent←→open to compromise compunction n. 良心的责备,后悔,悔恨 anxiety arising from awareness of guilt concatenate v. 连结，连锁 to link together in a series or chain concatenate←→separate concede v. 承认（为正确） ，让步 to grant as a right or privilege concede←→refuse to grant concentrate vt.vi. 集中,专心,浓缩 a. to bring or direct toward a common center or objective:FOCUS b. to make less dilute５２concentrate←→dilute solution deploy←→concentrate concerted a. 商议好的,协定的,预定的 mutually contrived or agreed on concerted←→individually devised concerto n. 协奏曲 a piece for one or more soloists and orchestra with three contrasting movements conciliate v. 安抚，调和? APPEASE:to cause to subside:ALLAY especially :to buy off (an aggressor) by concessions usually at the sacrifice of principles sop:conciliatory=subsidy:supportive conciliate←→vex vex←→conciliation contentious←→conciliatory conciseness n. 简明; 简洁 marked by brevity of expression or statement:free from all elaboration and superfluous detail synopsis:conciseness=distillate:purity concord n．和睦，公约 a state of agreement:HARMONY concord←→dissension dissonance←→concord concur vi. 意见相同,一致,互助 to act together to a common end or single effect concur←→naysay condemn vt. 判刑,责备,谴责,声讨,处刑 to declare to be reprehensible, wrong, or evil usually after weighing evidence and without reservation countenance←→condemn exaltation←→condemnation extol←→condemn/impugn/detract condescending a. 谦逊的,故意屈尊的,叫人领情似的 showing or characterized by condescension:PATRONIZING condescending:patronize=obsequious:fawn patronize:condescension=deride:mockery５３condign a. 相当的,适宜的 DESERVED, APPROPRIATE condign←→undeserved/unmerited condone vt. 赦,宽恕 to pardon or
especially :to treat as if trivial, harmless, or of no importance condone←→denounce conducive adj. 有助于…的 tending to promote or assist conducive:foment=tonic:invigorate confederacy n. 联盟,邦联 a league or compact for action:ALLIANCEmutualsupportorcommonconfess vt.vi. 承认,坦白,忏悔,供认 to disclose one' specifically :to unburden one's sins or the state of one's conscience to God or to a priest recantation:error=confession:crime confidant n. 心腹朋友,知己 one to whom secrets are entrusted confidante n. 知己的女友 CONFIDANT; especially :one who is a woman confident a. 有信心的,有把握的 charac especially :SELF-RELIANT confident:timid=open:shy confidence:arrogant=inquiry:interrogatory confine vt. 限制,闭居,禁闭 something that restrains loose:confinement:=disabuse:misconception conform vt.使遵守 vi.一致 to be
also :to be in agreement or harmony incongruent:conform=recalcitrant:obey confront vt. 使面对,对抗,比较,使对质 to face especially in challenge:OPPOSE５４selfcraven:confront=honest:deceive circumvent←→confront congeal v. 凝结，凝固 to make viscid or curdled:COAGULATE congeal←→melt/disintegrated congeal←→fail to solidify congenial a. 同性质的,适意的,趣味相同的 SOCIABLE, GENIAL congenial:bonhomie dour←→congenial/genial congruent a.全等的 superposable so as to be coincident throughout congruent:dimension=coeval:age incongruent:conform=recalcitrant:obey variance←→congruity conjecture n./v. 推测，臆测 inference from defective or presumptive evidence conjecture←→restrain from the speculation conjecture←→fact connoisseur n. 鉴赏家，行家? EXPERT; especially :one who understands the details, technique, or principles of an art and is competent to act as a critical judge connoisseur:art=gourmet:cuisine conquest n. 战胜,征服,战利品 the act or process of conquering inexorable:dissuasion=indomitable:conquest conscientious a. 有责任心的,负责的,本着良心的 governed by or conforming to the conscience:SCRUPULOUS !consensus n. 一致,交感,,团结 group solidarity in sentiment and belief consensus:factionalism=clarity:confusion law:criminality=consensus:factionalism conservative a.保守的 n.保守的人 tending or disposed to maintain existing views, conditions, or institutions:TRADITIONAL５５dictatesofbigoted:advice=conservative:change contumacious:authority=reactionary/hidebound/conservative:chang e/innovation/novelty conservatory n．温室，音乐学院 a. 保存性的,有保存力的 a school specializing in one of the fine arts conservatory:music={seminary:theology }=observatory:astronomy observatory:astronomy=conservatory:music conserve n. 蜜饯,果酱 vt. 保存,保全 to keep in a safe or sound state conserve←→waste/squander/exhaust considerable a. 相当的,可观的,重要的 worth consideration:SIGNIFICANT restive:calmness=piddling:considerable consignment n. 委托 the act or process of consigning consignment:invoice console n.悬臂，肘托；控制台 vt. 安慰,藉慰 to alleviate the grief, sense of loss, or trouble of:COMFORT embarrass:shame=console:comfort consolidate vt. 巩固,使联合,统一 to join together into one whole:UNITE consolidation←→fragmentation consonance n. 一致,调和,和音 harmony or agreement among components conspicuous adj．显著的，显而易见的 obvious to the eye or mind authoritative:acceptance=conspicuous:attention conspicuous:see=transparent:understand conspicuous:sheltered=?? blatant←→inconspicuous nondescript←→conspicuous salient←→unconspicuous constellation n. 星座，星群 the configuration of stars. constellation:star=chord:note{ queue:person}５６constitute vt. 构成,组成,任命 to appoint to an office, function, or dignity abdicate←→constitute constrained a. 被强迫的,拘泥的,不舒服的 to appoint to an office, function, or dignity constrain←→release intemperate←→constrained consultation n. 请教,咨}