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经济学人 简介经济学人于1843年在伦敦建刊,以独立和全球化的视角着称。说它是杂志,其实它是以报纸的身份注册的。经济学家每周四晚上在世界六个地方同步印刷,同时于当天晚些时候在网上更新最新一期的内容。经济学家是一本完全国际化期刊,其中80%的发行量来自英国之外。自建刊以来,经济学家一直秉承其创建者James Wilson的办刊原则。在创刊计划书中James Wilson写到:“我们真诚的相信,自由贸易和自由交往在全世界传播文明和道德的作用是其他任何现有的媒介无法比拟的” 。但杂志的第三任主编Walter Bagehot(1861-77)才是使经济学家发扬光大的人。他使杂志的触角向政治问题延伸。现在,经济学家的文章不仅涉及时势,商业,金融和经济,还涉及到科学,技术和艺术。无论主题是什么,经济学家的独立,坦率,简练和尊重事实的品质任使其与众不同。客观公正是经济学家杂志的的生命所在。公司的构成禁止任何组织或个人获得杂志半数以上的持股权。经济学家的文章都为匿名写作,就象它的主编们认为的那样:写出了什么东东,比出自谁的手笔更重要。请使用Adobe Reader 7.0以上版本阅读,欢迎访问“经济学人中文版论坛” www.ecocn.org[通过安全测试]杀毒软件:瑞星 版本:20-70-50病毒库:服务器:随机共享时间:24/7[免责声明]该下载内容仅限於个人学习研究之用,不得用於商业用途,并且请在下载后24小时内删除。杂志版权归原作者及原出版公司所有,如果你喜欢,请购买正版。
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留点口水(可选):每日一篇 | 《经济学人》读译参考 Day71
本系列给同学们推送的是经济学人读译参考文章,大家可以尝试翻译一下,坚持练习,不仅对考研英语的阅读理解有所帮助,还能提高翻译水平。记得和研友们分享哦,欢迎持续关注~
经济学人 :安倍经济学 女性权益该如何维护
Asia: Women and work in Japan We're busy.Get an abortion
亚洲:日本的妇女和工作,我们很忙,你堕胎去吧
Pregnant women are furious about how they aretreated at the office.
孕妇在职场上受到的待遇让她们感到愤怒。
“ABENOMICS is womenomics,” Japan’s prime minister declared, marrying two atrocious words in a single phrase, at a glamorous shindig called WAW!, or the “World Assembly for Women in Tokyo”, on August 28th-29th. Before an international audience of high-powered female leaders and businesswomen, Shinzo Abe promised to help women “shine” at work as a way to boost Japan’s talent pool and economy. As the conference opened, the Diet (parliament) passed a long-awaited law calling on companies to find ways to promote more women.
Yet such grand visions are beside the point for most working women. Sayaka Osakabe, founder of a new non-profit outfit called Matahara Net, which campaigns for the rights of pregnant women at work, says that before “shining” women just need to be allowed to work without being harassed. Matahara, (a contraction of “maternity” and “harassment”), is illegal but rife.
The worst examples involve bosses urging pregnant women to have abortions. One woman who now works for Matahara Net landed a prized “career-track” job at a big bank alongside her boyfriend, who worked in another department. After she became pregnant, a manager told her he would “crush” both her own career and that of her boyfriend if she went ahead and had the baby. In 2011 she took the hint and had an abortion.
Ms Osakabe herself suffered two miscarriages. She says that stress caused by ill-treatment at work was partly to blame. Other women have had to apologise in front of co-workers for becoming pregnant. Those on precarious part-time contracts are particularly vulnerable to being fired while on maternity leave. A fifth of young mothers experience some kind of office harassment, according to Rengo, Japan’s biggest trade union confederation.
Part of the problem is the country’s culture of pointless workaholism—office workers are expected to stay late even if they have no work to do. Anyone exempted from this ordeal—mothers with young children, for instance—is envied. Also, since companies seldom hire cover for women on maternity leave, colleagues have to pick up the burden. Twice as many female as male colleagues dish out verbal criticism of pregnant women. It is one reason why seven out of ten women give up their jobs on having their first child.
Not all women think this is a problem. Ayako Sono, a conservative who was once on a government panel on education, calls matahara a “dirty” expression that signifies women’s overreaction to minor social discomforts. Yet it is hard for the government to ignore the harassment, since it contributes to the relentless decline in the Japanese population, policymakers’ biggest headache. Women who find it hard to combine work and motherhood often forgo the latter.
Last year the Supreme Court ruled for the first time on matahara. It found in favour of a mother who had sued a medical practice in Hiroshima for demoting her. This judgment, and Mr Abe’s championing of working-women’s rights, have emboldened more women to speak out. Those expecting are starting to expect better treatment.
日本的首相宣称:“安倍经济是女性经济”。8月28日至29日,在出席一场名为WAW!的热闹会议或者说聚集了“居于东京的女性世界领袖”的会议上,他把两个在日本都非常艰难的词联姻到一个短语里。当着一群来自世界各地位高权重的女性政治领袖和女性企业家面前,安倍晋三承诺,将会帮助女性在各自工作岗位上“绽放光芒”,以此来催动日本人才市场和经济的蓬勃发展。随会议的开展,国会通过了一部早已被世人期盼已久的法律,要求每个企业想方设法促进更多女性员工的晋升。
然而如此美好远大的愿景实非大多数职业女性所盼。Sayaka Osakabe,是一家名叫Matahara Net的非营利性组织的创始人。这家公司致力于为孕期职业妇女争取权益。她说,在“绽放光芒”之前,女性更紧迫的需求是能在工作岗位上更安心。Matahara(词汇缩写自“孕妇matenity”和“骚扰harassment”的组合),这种现象尽管受到法律禁止,却仍然十分普遍。
最糟糕的情况包括上司敦促怀孕的职业女性堕胎。某位现在正在Matahara Net工作的女性曾和她的男朋友在同一家大型银行的不同部门工作,当时她还曾因完成“职业追溯”工作而受到过褒奖。但当她怀孕后,那家银行的经理告诉她,如果她坚持下去,生下孩子,那么他将会“碾碎”她和她男朋友两个人的职业人生。于是在2011年,她迫于压力,选择了堕胎。
Osakabe女士自己也曾承受过两次流产。她说自己在工作中遭遇的不公正待遇带来的巨大压力也是造成流产的部分原因。还有些女性曾经不得不就自己怀孕一事向一同共事的人道歉。而那些只签订了兼职合同的女性则非常容易在孕假期间被辞退。根据日本最大的贸易联合体公司Rengo统计,每五个已经当了妈妈的职业女性中就有一人遭遇过某种类型的办公室骚扰。
造成这些问题的部分原因在于这个国家无意义的工作狂文化——这种文化下,办公室职员哪怕没有实际工作要完成,也需要留在公司直到很晚。任何人一旦试图违背这种规则——比如需要照顾年幼孩子的母亲——就会受到来自各方的嫉妒。此外,由于公司很少雇佣人手填补因怀孕而请假的女性岗位,她的同事们将不得不挑起这份负担。人数两倍于女性员工的男性职员甚至会因此直言责骂他们怀孕的女同事。这也是为什么每十个职业女性中有七个会在她们怀上第一个孩子时选择辞职。
但也并非所有女性都认为这是了不得的大事。Ayako Sono,一位曾在政府教育技术部门工作的女性认为,matahara是个“恶毒”的词汇,彰显了女性对某些社会不适应症的反应过度。就算也有这样的声音,政府却很难就这样对职场骚扰问题视而不见,因为它导致了日本本已剧烈下滑的人口数量进一步减少,而人口缩减问题是让政策制定者最为头痛的难题。因为骚扰问题的存在,让那些感觉很难身兼职员和母亲身份的职业女性往往选择放弃后者的角色。
去年,高等法院第一次就一例matahara案件进行了宣判。判决起诉一家位于广岛的诊所逼迫其堕胎的女性获胜。这个判例,以及安倍先生关于职业女性权利的演讲,让越来越多女性鼓起勇气发出呼声。这开始令职场女性期待自己也许可以获得更好的待遇。
1.be furious about 对...不满
例句:She was furious about our mistake. 她对我们的错误非常愤怒。
2.speak out 说出;畅所欲言
例句:He said other things I cannot speak out for shame. 他还说了些我羞于启齿的话。
3.in favour of 支持;赞成
例句:The vote was overwhelmingly in favour of the Democratic Party. 压倒多数的选票投给了民主党。
4.dish out 给予;分发
例句:Politicians can really dish out sweet talk. 政客对发表甜言蜜语很有一套。
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今日搜狐热点每日一篇 | 《经济学人》读译参考 Day 56
本系列给同学们推送的是经济学人读译参考文章,大家可以尝试翻译一下,坚持练习,不仅对考研英语的阅读理解有所帮助,还能提高翻译水平。记得和研友们分享哦,欢迎持续关注~
中国互联网公司合并是大势所趋?
Business: Chinese internet firms Clubbingtogether
商业:中国互联网公司,合并
The merger of Meituan and Dianping could herald abigger consolidation. GROUP buying-in which discounts are offered ongoods and services once a certain number of consumers have signed up-may be falling out offashion in many countries, with even America's pioneer, Groupon, slashing over 1,000 jobs lastmonth, but it is still doing well in China.
美团外卖和大众点评的合并可能预示着更大的合并。团购--当一定数量的购买者报名时商品和服务便提供折扣--在许多国家它快要过时了。即使是它的美国创始人,高朋团购(Groupon),上个月也裁剪了1000多个岗位,但在中国它依然出彩。
According to Analysys International, a research firm, bargain hunters there rang up 77 billionyuan ($12.1 billion) in sales through group-buying websites in the first half of this year. That is a rise of 168% on a year earlier. Even more striking is news this week of a merger between the two biggest Chinese firms in thebusiness, which may herald a broader consolidation in China's internet sector.
根据调查研究公司易观国际显示,爱占便宜的人在上半年通过团购网站电话交易了770亿元(121亿美元)。这比去年同期增长168%。最让人吃惊的本周中国两个最大的团购公司的合并,这有可能预示着中国互联网行业更广泛的合并。
Groupon has flopped in China, just as many other Western internet firms have done.This has left the field clear for local businesses. On October 8th two Chinese companies which between them have about four-fifths of the localgroup-buying market said that they would combine. Meituan, with about half of the market, will join forces with Dianping, which has about 30%.
高朋团购在中国失败了,就像其他许多西方互联网公司一样。这给本地贸易留下了缝隙区域。10月8日,两个中国公司宣布他们将合并,它们占有中国团购市场的4/5份额。有大约市场一半份额的美团外卖将加入有市场30%份额的大众点评。
The combined business will be worth perhaps $15 billion. It will quash competition on one front of a costly proxy war now being fought by China's bigthree internet firms-Alibaba, Baidu and Tencent.
这个合并企业也许将市值150亿美元。这将会取消代价高昂的代理战争之前的竞争,而战争由中国最大的三个互联网公司--阿里巴巴,百度和腾讯引起。
Alibaba has a stake in Meituan, while Tencent backs Dianping. The merged entity would dwarf Nuomi, which has a mere 14% share of China's group-buyingindustry.It is fully owned by Baidu, which said in June that it would invest $3.2 billion over the next threeyears in this sort of e-commerce business.
阿里巴巴在美团有股份,而腾讯支持大众点评。合并实体将打压仅占有中国团购行业14%份额的糯米网。它完全属于百度,6月宣布在未来三年将投资32亿美元在电子商务行业。
The deal marks an escalation in what seems to be an effort by Alibaba and Tencent tosqueeze out Baidu and turn the Chinese internet's big three into a big two. They have already joined up to try to create a dominant company in the online taxi-hailingbusiness.
这次交易似乎标志着阿里巴巴和腾讯逐步扩大影响力来挤出百度,将中国互联网三大公司变成两大公司。他们已经联合起来在在线打车行业创立了一个统治地位的公司。
At first each had backed a different startup in this area, but when Baidu gave financial backingto Uber, an American taxi-app giant, to expand its presence in China, Alibaba and Tencentmerged their proxies into a firm now called Didi Kuaidi.
一开始他们在这个领域支持着不同的创业公司,但此时百度则提供经济支持给Uber,一个美国打车应用巨头,以此来扩大在中国市场的影响力,阿里巴巴和腾讯合并他们的代理成为一个叫滴滴快滴的公司。
Alibaba and Tencent merged their proxies into a firm now called Didi Kuaidi.The combination is valued at $15 billion.
阿里巴巴和腾讯合并他们的代理成为一个叫滴滴快滴的公司。这个合并公司市值150亿美元。
All of the big three firms have invested heavily over the past two years in everything fromonline-video services to travel portals. On one estimate, there have been nearly $60 billion in internet deals involving Chinese firms sofar this year.
从在线视频服务到旅游门户的所有方面,这三大公司比过去两年投资了更多。据估计,今年以来中国公司在互联网交易有将近600亿美元。
Some consolidation is needed: in many corners of the industry there are too manycompetitors, most of which are unprofitable.But China's antitrust authorities, which have been soft on local internet firms, oughtnonetheless to be vigilant. Otherwise there will surely be more mergers like this one, as the industry's giants seek to createmonopolies.
一些合并需要:在行业的困境有许多竞争者,且其中多数是不赚钱的。但对本地互联网公司手软的中国反垄断机构,即使这样也应该警惕。否则一定会有更多像这样的合并,而这个行业的巨头会探索创造垄断。
1.out of fashion 过时的
例句:This clothes style is out of fashion. 这种衣服式样已经过时了。
2.so far 迄今为止
例句:What have you found so far? 你到目前为止发现了什么?
3.squeeze out 排挤
例句:How can you squeeze out more time to do what you want? 你是如何挤出更多时间来做你想做的事情?
4.e-commerce business 电子商务
例句:In the business world, electronic commerce is a new e-commerce business model. 在商业领域中,电子商务是的一种新兴的商务活动模式。
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