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, September 2015, Pages 213–227
Considering lost sale in inventory routing problems for perishable goods , , , a Cluster for Operations Research and Logistics, Department of Economics and Business, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmarkb Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran&We present a mathematical model of inventory routing problem for perishable goods.&The lost sale cost is integrated in the inventory routing problem.&The demand for perishable goods is assumed to be a function of the inventory age.&The model is linearized in order to make it solvable using CPLEX.&A hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm based on SA&TS is devised to solve larger instances.This paper presents a mathematical model for an inventory routing problem (IRP). The model is especially designed for allocating the stock of perishable goods. It is assumed that the age of the perishable inventory has a negative impact on the demand of end customers and a percentage of the demand is considered as lost sale. The proposed model balances the transportation cost, the cost of inventory holding and lost sale. In addition to the usual inventory routing constraints, we consider the cost of lost sale as a linear or an exponential function of the inventory age. The proposed model is solved to optimality for small instances and is used to obtain lower bounds for larger instances. We have also devised an efficient meta-heuristic algorithm to find good solutions for this class of problems based on Simulated Annealing (SA) and Tabu Search (TS). Computational results indicate that, for small problems, the average optimality gaps are less than 10.9% and 13.4% using linear and exponential lost sale functions, respectively. Furthermore, we show that the optimality gaps found by CPLEX grow exponentially with the problem size while those obtained by the proposed meta-heuristic algorithm increase linearly.KeywordsInventory routing problem; Perishable goods; Lost sale; Simulated annealing; Tabu search
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No articles found.Reduction of hydrogen peroxide by glutathione peroxidase mimics: reaction mechanism and energetics. - Abstract - Europe PMC
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Gavin S Heverly-Coulson
Russell J Boyd
[01 Feb ):]
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Journal Article
The reaction mechanism for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide by N,N-dimethylbenzylamine diselenide, its selenol analogue, and the charged analogues of the diselenide and selenol are elucidated using reliable electronic structure techniques. It is found that the reaction using the diselenide has a large Gibbs energy barrier of 173.5 kJ/mol. The cationic diselenide, with both amines protonated, shows a lower barrier of 103.5 kJ/mol. Both diselenide species show significant Se-Se bond lengthening upon oxidation. An unusual two-step mechanism is found for the selenol with barriers of 136.3 and 141.9 kJ/mol, respectively, showing that it is unlikely that the selenol is the active form. The zwitterion, selenolate, and protonated amine analogues of the selenol show one-step reactions with energy barriers of 82.7, 92.7, and 102.3 kJ/mol, respectively. The zwitterion of the selenol shows the most favorable reaction energies, which is in good agreement with proposed mechanisms for this reaction.
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CitePeer Related ArticlesReactions of benzene and 3-methylpyrrole with the oOH and oOOH radicals: an assessment of... - Abstract - Europe PMC
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Geoffrey P F Wood
Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E19-502b, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
Alavattam Sreedhara
Jamie M Moore
Bernhardt L Trout
Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E19-502b, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
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[28 Mar ):]
Journal Article
A high-level quantum chemistry investigation has been carried out for the addition and abstraction reactions by the radicals (&)OH and (&)OOH to and from the model alkenes 3-methylpyrrole and benzene. These models were chosen to reflect the functionalities contained in the side chain of the amino acid tryptophan. The W1BD procedure was used to calculate benchmark barriers and reaction energies for the smaller model system of (&)OOH addition to ethylene. It was found that the CBS-QB3 methodology compares best with the W1BD benchmark, demonstrating a mean absolute deviation (MAD) from W1BD of 3.9 kJ mol(-1). For the reactions involving the (&)OH radical and benzene or 3-methylpyrrole, addition is favored over abstraction in all cases. In particular the CBS-QB3 calculations suggest a barrierless addition reaction of the (&)OH radical to position two of 3-methylpyrrole. For the analogous addition and abstraction reactions involving the (&)OOH radical, the same order of reactivity was found, albeit with higher barriers. A number of other processes involving the addition of the (&)OOH radical were also investigated. The main findings of these studies determined that the initial (&)OOH barrier of stepwise addition to 3-methylpyrrole (+18.8 kJ mol(-1)) is significantly smaller than the concerted addition barrier (+71.5 kJ mol(-1)). This conclusion contrasts starkly with the situation for ethylene in which it is well established that the concerted process has the smaller barrier. A considerable variety of contemporary density functional theory procedures have been tested to examine their accuracy in predicting the CBS-QB3 results. It was found that the best overall performing method was UBMK with an MAD of 7.3 kJ mol(-1). A number of other functionals additionally performed well. They included UM06, RM06, UXYG3 and RXYG3, all of which have MADs of less than 8 kJ mol(-1).
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CitationsCitations0ReferencesReferences0 Full-text · Article · Jul 2009 Article · Apr 2017 Article · Mar 2015 Data provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.This publication is from a journal that may support self archiving.
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