怎样提高英语的阅读理解能力和如何提高做题速度度

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提高英语阅读理解解题速度的三种方式
时间:  作者:佚名  来源:网络资源
  一、快读
  快读的目的是了解文章的大意和主题思想,并对文章的结构有个总的概念。快读时,应非凡注重文章的开始段、结束段、文章中每段的首句和尾句以及篇章连接手段和行文中的信息词,因为它们往往是对文章内容的最精简概括,是左右文章大意的要害。
  二、跳读
  即根据问题信息跳跃性地阅读文章的某些段落或某些句子。跳读可以加强阅读的针对性、节约阅读时间和提高阅读效率。许多阅读理解的事实细节题均可用跳读法在原文中找到相关的依据,从而迅速做出选择。
  三、细读
  找到文章中的有关范围以后,即在该范围内逐句阅读,非凡对要害词句要仔细琢磨,以便对其有较深刻、较准确的理解和把握。不仅要理解其字面意思,而且要通过推理、判定,弄清文章字里行间的潜在意思。在细读时,对没有学过的生词,可根据上下文或自己的背景知识等来推测其意思;对难以看懂的长句,可借助语法手段,对其加以分析,以达到透彻理解。
  四、实例
  下面请看一篇阅读实例(湖南省高考英语阅读试题):
  The private automobile(私家车) has long played an important role in the United States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of American families owned at least one car, and thirty-eight percent had more than one. By giving workers rapid transportation, the automobile has freed them from having to live near their place of work. This has encouraged the growth of the cities, but it has also led to traffic problems.
  For farm families the automobile is very helpful. It has made it possible for them to travel to town very often for business and for pleasure, and also to transport their children to distant schools.
  Family life has been affected(影响) in various ways. The car helps to keep them to travel to keep families together when it is used for picnics, outings, and other shared experiences. However, when teenage children have the use of the car, their parents can’t keep an eye on them. There is a great danger if the driver has been drinking alcohol or taking drugs — or is “showing off” by speeding or breaking other traffic laws. Mothers of victims(受害者) of such accidents have formed an organization called MADD (Mothers Against Drunk Driving). These women want to prevent further tragedies(悲剧). They have worked to encourage the government to limit the youngest drinking age. Students have formed a similar organization, SADD(Students Against Drunk Driving) and are spreading the same message among their friends.
  For many Americans the automobile is a necessity. But for some, it is also a mark of social position and for young people, a sign of becoming an adult. Altogether, cars mean very much to Americans.
  1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
  A. Cars have encouraged the growth of the cities.
  B. Cars can bring families together when they go for picnics.
  C. Cars have enabled people to live far from their place of work.
  D. Cars help city families to transport their children to faraway schools.
  2. What has been done to deal with the problem of drunk driving?
  A. Parents have paid more attention to their children.
  B. Some organizations have been set up against drunk driving.
  C. Mothers have tried to persuade their children not to drink alcohol.
  D. University students have asked the government to solve the problem.
  3. We can infer from the text that _______ in America.
  A. it will be more difficult for people to get new cars
  B. parents will not allow their children to have their own cars
  C. the government will encourage people to use public transportation
  D. cars will still be popular though they have caused many problems
  ●“快读”短文:可知本文主要介绍美国的私家车情况及私家车对美国人的影响。
  ●“跳读”短文:根据文章第2段的内容可知,汽车是使 farm families transport their children to distant (=faraway) schools。故第1小题选D。
  ●“细读”短文:文章说,为了解决 the problem of drunk driving,有关人士成立了不同的组织,如母亲们成立了 MADD,学生们成立了 SADD,等等。故第2题选B。再根据文章第1段说美国在1986年就有69%的家庭至少拥有1辆汽车,38%的家庭拥有1辆以上的汽车,而文章最后一段又说 For many Americans the automobile is a necessity。由此可知第3题选D最佳。
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23:39:33 本文行家:
&考研英语阅读答题&& & & 考研英语一直是大多数考生最为头疼的问题,因为它直接关系到考生考研的最终结果。显然,在考研英语的所有题型当中,大家最为重视的又要数阅读。因为它占据了考卷的大部分分值。在短期有限的时间内,怎样使考研英语的复习效率最大化,这恐怕是多数考生最为关心的一个问题。下面我们就为考生提供如下几个途径,希望能帮助你考研英语阅读能尽快提高。&& & & &提高分析速度和加强对选项辨析水平是大家在短短几个月可以做的,而长难从句涉及到语法、句法、结构和实词虚词、连接词等等,这方面的阅读水平不是在这么短时间可以努力的,如果说个人的考研复习很长,建议考生可以把高中英语语法书对照考研英语大纲梳理一遍。如果自己的考研时间有限,建议尽量在复习的时候规避这些语法方面的不足,让答题的经验和技巧帮你争取高分。大家回忆一下平常生活里看英语文章的经验,如果这篇文章刚好是你所熟悉和习惯的内容,即使比较长的句子比较难的内容,看起来也很舒服,速度肯定有保证。  不要为了做题和为了阅读考试才去读,尤其对于准备时间比较充分的朋友来讲,应该早早就开始逼迫自己每天花十到十五分钟去读一些英语文章,特别是要选一些略带有专业性质的文章,这样可以增加自己的知识面和敏感度,这个过程坚持一两个月后,对加强自己的语感和猜测能力是很有帮助的。&& & & &那么,对于速度过慢的考生,应该怎样在平时的复习中锻炼自己的阅读速度呢?&& & & &一、加大词汇量& &&&&&&&考研英语阅读中词汇多,长难句多,要想在短时间内阅读加做题,就要加大自己的词汇量。考研英语词汇要求掌握5500个单词,考生应该在平时复习中时刻把握英语词汇的背诵和记忆。&&&&&&&二、掌握正确的阅读方法&& &&&&&&&考研英语阅读方法也是很重要的最忌讳的是一个字一个字地去读,那样又慢又差,有时候还可能由于一句话不明白而影响对整个文章的思路。所以,在做阅读理解题目的时候,考生要善于抓阅读文章的重点。有些修饰性的词语或者穿插性语句,考生完全可以在第一遍看的时候忽略,这样不仅能锻炼做题速度,还能在最快的时间中抓住文章最核心的东西。&&& && & & &三、注意分析长难句&& &&&&&&&考研英语阅读文章中有很多长难句,而这些长难句多是考研阅读中出题的重点,因此在日常练习中,考生要注意对长难句的把握和锻炼。长难句的问题解决不是一朝一夕的事情,最主要的是考生要在语法、句子成分这样的基础知识上多下功夫,因为一个个长难句都是由这些最基本的东西组成的。&& 当然,考研英语词汇不能间断复习,一个阶段复习过后,可以稍微降低强度,但是也要每天坚持,然后过一两个月再用上面的方法具体进行复习,长期坚持,成绩进步真的很快!
参考资料:
[1] 学习网
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