Chapter 11. Thermal Processing of Metal Alloys
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Annealing Processes
11.1 Introduction&
Annealing is a heat treatment where the material is taken to a high temperature, kept
there for some time and then cooled.& High temperatures allow diffusion processes to
occur fast.& The time at the high temperature (soaking time) is long enough to allow
the desired transformation to occur.& Cooling is done slowly to avoid the distortion
(warping) of the metal piece, or even cracking, caused by stresses induced by differential
contraction due to thermal inhomogeneities.& Benefits of annealing are:
relieve stresses
increase softness, ductility and toughness
produce a specific microstructure
11.2 Process Annealing&
Deforming a piece that has been strengthened by cold working requires a lot of
energy.& Reverting the effect of cold work by process annealing eases further
deformation.& Heating allows recovery and recrystallization but is usually limited to
avoid excessive grain growth and oxidation.&
11.3 Stress Relief
Stresses resulting from machining operations of non-uniform cooling can be eliminated
by stress relief annealing at moderately low temperatures, such that the effect of cold
working and other heat treatments is maintained.
11.4 Annealing of Ferrous Alloys
Normalizing (or austenitizing) consists in taking the Fe-C alloy to the austenitic
phase which makes the grain size more uniform, followed by cooling in air.&
Full anneal involves taking hypoeutectoid alloys to the austenite phase and
hypereutectoid alloys over the eutectoid temperature (Fig. 11.1) to soften pieces which
have been hardened by plastic deformation, and which need to be machined.
Spheroidizing consists in prolongued heating just below the eutectoid
temperature, which results in the soft spheroidite structure discussed in Sect. 10.5. This
achieves maximum softness that minimizes the energy needed in subsequent forming
operations.&
Heat Treatment of Steels
1.5 Hardenability&
To achieve a full conversion of austenite into hard martensite, cooling needs to be
fast enough to avoid partial conversion into perlite or bainite.& If the piece is
thick, the interior may cool too slowly so that full martensitic conversion is not
achieved.& Thus, the martensitic content, and the hardness, will drop from a high
value at the surface to a lower value in the interior of the piece.& Hardenability is
the ability of the material to be hardened by forming martensite.&
Hardenability is measured by the Jominy end-quench test (Fig. 11.2).&
Hardenability is then given as the dependence of hardness on distance from the quenched
end.& High hardenability means that the hardness curve is relatively flat.&
11.6 Influence of Quenching Medium, Specimen Size, and Geometry
The cooling rate depends on the cooling medium.& Cooling is fastest using water,
then oil, and then air.& Fast cooling brings the danger of warping and formation of
cracks, since it is usually accompanied by large thermal gradients.&
The shape and size of the piece, together with the heat capacity and heat
conductivity are important in determining the cooling rate for different parts of the
metal piece.& Heat capacity is the energy content of a heated mass, which needs to be
removed for cooling.& Heat conductivity measures how fast this energy is transported
to the colder regions of the piece.&
Precipitation Hardening
Hardening can be enhanced by extremely small precipitates that hinder dislocation
motion.& The precipitates form when the solubility limit is exceeded.&
Precipitation hardening is also called age hardening because it involves the hardening of
the material over a prolonged time.&
11.7 Heat Treatments
Precipitation hardening is achieved by:&
a) solution heat treatment where all the solute atoms are dissolved to form a
single-phase solution.
b) rapid cooling across the solvus line to exceed the solubility limit. This leads to a
supersaturated solid&& solution that remains stable (metastable) due to the low
temperatures, which prevent diffusion.
c) precipitation heat treatment where the supersaturated solution is heated to an
intermediate temperature to induce precipitation and kept there for some time (aging).
If the process is continued for a very long time, eventually the hardness decreases.&
This is called overaging.&
The requirements for precipitation hardening are:&
appreciable maximum solubility
solubility curve that falls fast with temperature
composition of the alloy that is less than the maximum solubility
11.8 Mechanism of Hardening&
Strengthening involves the formation of a large number of microscopic nuclei, called
zones.& It is accelerated at high temperatures.& Hardening occurs because the
deformation of the lattice around the precipitates hinder slip.& Aging that occurs at
room temperature is called natural aging, to distinguish from the artificial aging caused
by premeditated heating.&
11.9 Miscellaneous Considerations&
Since forming, machining, etc. uses more energy when the material is hard, the steps in
the processing of alloys are usually:
solution heat treat and quench
do needed cold working before hardening
do precipitation hardening
Exposure of precipitation-hardened alloys to high temperatures may lead to loss of
strength by overaging.
Annealing&
Artificial aging&
Austenitizing&
Full annealing&
Hardenability&
Jominy end-quench test&
Natural aging&
Precipitation hardening
Precipitation heat treatment
Process annealing
Solution heat treatment
Spheroidizing
Stress relief当前位置： >>
航海英语常用词汇
中国小吃名称中英对照 烧饼 油条 韭菜盒 水饺 蒸饺 馒头 割包 饭团 蛋饼 皮蛋 Clay oven rolls Fried bread stick Fried leek dumplings Boiled dumplings Steamed dumplings Steamed buns Steamed sandwich Rice and vegetable roll Egg cakes 100-year egg航海专业英语口语 来源： 黄晓虎的日志 。航海专业英语口语（5） 1. The containers are stowed both above and below deck. 2. L/C means letter of credit. 3. I’d like to get entitled to the goods.14. I am afraid that you should have original B/L. The duplicate B/L might be refused by the shipper, otherwise you have the guarantee from the bank. 5. May I have your valid cargo gear certificate, captain? 6. I wonder about your preparatory measures at this port? 7. I found a lot of bags were broken due to rough handling. 8. What will you suggest? 9. I will sign the endorsement: shipper does not take responsibility for the damage, as bagged goods were broken by rough handling. 10. Briefing on nature of dangerous goods-this package contains IMDG-class A goods. 11. These goods are oxidizing. 12. These goods are liable to spontaneous heating and combustion. 13. These goods emits flammable gases in contact with water, keep dry. 14. Instructions on compatibility and stowage-check correct marks/labels/placards.215. Observe IMDG-Code when loading. 16. Check proper segregation of goods. 17. Stow flammable goods/IMDG-Class C goods away from engine room bulkhead[机舱隔舱壁]/living quarter/separated by one hold from Class D goods. 18. Stow infectious substances separated by one hold from food stuffs. 19. Cover IMDG-Class B goods on deck with tarpaulins. 20. Stow drums away from IMDG-Class C goods at minimum of 3 meters. 21. Brief stevedores on dangerous goods in number 3 hold. 22. Refuse packing with dangerous goods. 23. Ventilate holds before entering. 24. Use calibrated test meters for checking oxygen level. 25. Slings with bottles of IMDG-Class C goods dropped on deck. 26. Liquid/gas escaping. 27. Several drums/tanks leaking/deformed. 28. The top layer container with IMDG-Class C goods leaking out of door.329. To inform pollution control-leaking substances/oil/liquid of IMDG-Class C escaped into harbor basin. 30. Temperature in locker/container with IMDG-Class C goods increasing rapidly. 31. IMDG-Class B re-ignited. 32. Number of injured person/casualties: 5 33. 5 stevedores complain about headache/nausea. 34. 2 stevedores received acid burns on hand on-scene. 35. Take actions according to emergency plan and report. 36. Turn vessel out of wind-leaking gas poisonous. 37. Put on protective clothing and breathing apparatus. 38. Let leakage evaporate. 39. Use absorbents for leakage. 40. Separate contaminated goods from other goods. 41. Only open container when smoking stopped. 42. Cool down container with water. 43. Close hatch-switch on fire extinguishing system. 44. Flood No.3 hold. 45. Rescue persons and take injured persons to safe area and provide first aid to them.446. Prepare safety measures. 47. Plug scuppers[排水孔]/save-alls[堵漏处] and report. 48. Stand by spill control gear and report. 49. Fit bonding wire and report. 50. Maintain contact on VHF channel 16 with oil terminal. 51. Is oil spill plan available? 52. How many tonnes of diesel oil can you take? 53. Can we connect loading arm? 54. Inform:30 minutes before’ loading will start/finish. 55. Are cargo booms connected? 56. Are you receiving? Yes, receiving. 57. Up/down pumping rate. 58. Leak at manifold connection. 59. How much spill? Spill about 2.8 tonnes. 60. Open sea suction valve and report.561. Stop ballast pump-ballast dirty. 62. No stripping of ballast tanks in port. 63. Close and secure hatch cover for sea/bow door and report. 64. Check lashings and securings and report. 65. Check seaworthiness of holds and report. Holds seaworthy. 66. How many ballast can vessel take down to her marks? 67. Fill forepeak to decrease stern trim. 68. Pump fuel form FOP tank to FOS tank to bring vessel upright. 69. Is equipment for cargo care operational? 70. Are temperature/humidity recorders in holds operational？ 航海专业英语口语（6） 1. Instruct the crew how to connect reefer plugs. 2. Holds must be inspected by surveyor before loading. 3. Is certificate of survey available and complete? 4. Check cargo regularly during voyage.65. Check lashings and securings everyday. 6. Before unloading open hatches only when surveyor present. 7. Package of optional/reefer cargo wet/marked by sea water. 8. Labels on transshipment cargo illegible. 9. Boxes with wares crushed. 10. 2 containers washed overboard, inform on radio. 11. Temperature in No.1 hold above normal /below normal/critical. 12. Humidity of quick lime above normal. 13. Switch on hold ventilators to supply/exhaust air. 14. Switch on automatic temperature recorder. 15. Protect deck cargo of can shipping seas. 16. The first in the vessel is to be the last in order of discharge. 17. Light and fragile packages on top of heavier and sturdier ones, and strong smelling cargo away from cargo absorbing foreign smell. 18. Due attention should be paid to dangerous cargo, deck cargo and special cargo, if any.719. All of these details are carefully studied and noted on a tentative plan, known as cargo plan. 20. The elimination of cargo damage. 21. The stowage plan, therefore, indicates the location of the cargo as it is actually stowed in the vessel. 22. If loading is well planned, all the space within the ship can be u tilized to the best advantage, and the ship will be in a good seagoing trim and stable, also, the ship will receive quick dispatch, and produce good outturn of cargo, with little damage, at the destination. 23. I pasted contingency plan in corridor, besides, I wrote cards for every crewman. 24. Let me check the provisions: fresh water, biscuits, medicine. Oh do you have any position-fixing equipment which can be used on lifeboat? 25. We have sextants and magnetic compass on board. DF will carry on when emergency. 26. Climb down nets, and embark the lifeboat over manropes, everyone.827. Launching tracks of No.1 lifeboat clear in 10 minutes. 28. All working parts of lifeboat free. 29. Check securings of launching appliances and report. 30. All securings of No.1 lifeboat in correct position. 31. Check fuel oil of No.1 lifeboat engine and report. Fuel tank of No.1 lifeboat full. Fill up fuel. 32. Lifeboat engines operational. 33. Drain plugs available. 34. Slip gears in correct position and secured. 35. Lifeboat equipment complete and operational. 36. Launching appliances not operational. 37. Inflation cord of No.4 life raft not secured on board. 38. Replace lifeboat container in next port. 39. Evacuate all rooms/all decks/all space/engine room and report. Engine room evacuated. 40. Number of missing persons:3941. Request medical assistance from Hongkou hospital, calling for shanghai radio on VHF. 42. Report number of all persons at assembly stations. 43. Missing passengers recovered. 44. Check equipment of crew at assembly stations and report. 45. Go for blanket/stretcher and report. 46. Put on warm/long sleeved/long trousers/strong shoes/head covering clothing. 47. Swing out No.1 lifeboat and report. 48. Lower No.1 lifeboat alongside embarkation deck and report. 49. Enter lifeboat over ladder /embarkation deck /nets/ manropes. 50. Assist injured/helpless persons. 51. Clear entrance of lifeboat. 52. Please hold on to ropes or to your seat when launching. 53. Throw over board No.6 lifeboat and report.1054. Inform coast radio stations in vicinity about number of lifeboats launched and report/persons remaining on board. 55. Vessels in the vicinity informed. 56. Recover persons in water and report. 57. Keep lookout for further persons in water. 58. Contact lifeboats on radio and report. Not contact. 59. Give distress signals/fire rockets/give sound signals/ give morphores for identification. 60. Set sail and report. 61. Use oars. 62. Connect lifeboats with lines and report. 63. Three lifeboats connected. 64. Life rafts vary in size from a 4-man up to a 42-man. 65. The arch tubes are inflated automatically from the upper buoyancy tubes and are fitted with non-return valves so that they will not collapse should the upper buoyancy tube be punctured. 66. Stow the battery where no moisture can get at it, and then replace it in its proper position at nightfall. 67. On no account are they to be rolled.1168. A full gale was blowing and a very heavy sea was running. 69. All life rafts are capable of carrying double the numbers for which they are certified. 70. Fire protection and fire fighting-did you replace a CO2 cylinder in saloon? 航海专业英语口语（7） 1. You serve as the third officer. A CO2 cylinder weighted lighter than normal weight. You ask me the problem. Listen, if I find this kind of problems again, you must disembark at the nearest port. 2. Put on breathing apparatus, smoke helmet, protective clothes, carry your outfits. Let’s go. 3. Ask retreat signal. 4. I smell burnt in living spaces. 5. Have fire patrols 3 times every watch in all spaces/engine room. 6. Everything in order? 7. Check fire alarms and report. Fire alarms operational. 8. Check fire alarm displays on bridge and report.129. Check portable extinguishers and report. 10. Portable extinguishers not accessible/in position and operational. 11. Seals of portable extinguishers in 3 compartment broken. 12. Test certificates of portable extinguishers in galley expired. Replace them, third officer. 13. Check fire mains/hydrants in port deck and report. 14. Hoses to hydrants in starboard deck worn. 15. Nozzles to hose not operational/fit. 16. Fire/water pump in No.4 hold not operational. 17. Check fixed foam system and report. 18. Check gas fire extinguishing system/sprinkler system and report. 19. Remote control/indicator/emergency power/breathing apparatus/smoke helmets not operational. 20. Sky lights in hold closed. 21. Black-out/short circuit in No.2 hold.1322. Firemen’s outfits complete and available. 23. Smoke from ventilators. 24. Burnt smell in living spaces. 25. Is smoke toxic? Yes, smoke poisonous. 26. Major damage in accommodation. 27. No power supply. 28. Shut down main pressure. 29. Stop fuel. 30. Turn bow/stern to windward. Bow turned to windward. 31. Stand by fire party/CO2 station/emergency generator. 32. Take two fire parties to scene. 33. Have lifeline between each others/to outside. 34. Fire party members maintain visual contact with lamps. 35. Chief officer in command of fire party. 36. Restrict action to 10 minutes.1437. Run out fire hoses. 38. Water on. 39. Cool down bulkheads to engine room with water. 40. Fire restricted to engine room. Post fire watch and report. 41. Rope-off fire area and report. 42. Check fire area every 10 minutes for re-ignition and report. 43. On or after the date of coming into force of the present convention. 44. A ship which undergoes repairs, alterations, modifications and outfitting related thereto shall continue to comply with at least the requirements previously applicable to the ship. 45. At a similar stage of construction. 46. I can not locate you on my radar. Advised you make course 200 degrees. Shallow water ahead of you. 47. The visibility is expected to decrease to 1000 meters by fog in the next 4 hours. Chief mate keep a watch on bow and stern immediately.1548. The bow is not clear, fishing boats ahead, advise hard-a-starboard. 49. I have a list to starboard of one degree. 50. There are salvage operations in position south side if fairway. 51. I am proceeding at a reduced speed. 52. Your position 170 degrees 3 nautical miles from lighthouse. 53. We are in sight. You are in middle/center of fairway. 54. You are on reference line. 55. You are approaching port limit of the fairway. 56. Your position buoy number 3 distance 3 cables from intersection/to port side of reference line. 57. You are getting closer to vessel ahead. 58. Vessel on opposite course passing your port side. 59. Vessel anchored ahead of you in position 46 45n,006 34w. 60. You will meet crossing traffic in position 32 24s, 155 06e. 61. We are in close-quarters situation.1662. Vessel ahead of you not comply with TSS/under command. 63. I am stand-on vessel. 64. Traffic clearance required before entering the fairway. 65. Vessels are advised to keep clear of fishing area. 66. Traffic clearance granted. 67. Do not pass/arrive report point C/in position until/before 0800 UTC. 68. Tide with/against you. 69. It is dangerous to anchor in your present position. 70. Large vessel leaving fairway-keep clear of fairway approach. 航海专业英语口语（8） 1. Nets with buoys in this area-navigate with caution. 2. Stand by for giving assistance to the disabled vessel. 3. Advise you keep clear of entrance buoy-search and rescue in operation. 4. Your present course too close to outbound/inward vessel.175. You must proceed by west fairway. 6. M/V cape Venus agrees to be overtaken. 7. Your track is in parallel with/diverging from/converging to[相交] reference line. 8. Advise you make course of 310 degrees. 9. Advise you alter course to 040 degrees in position 46 45n,006 34w. 10. You are running into danger, shallow water/submerged wreck ahead of you. Risk of collision. Bridge defective. 11. Yes, radar has blind sectors from 001 to 004 degrees. 12. Change radar to 3 nautical miles range scale. 13. Change radar to relative/true motion head-up/north-up / course up. 14. What is your air draft/free board? 15. Allowance for fresh water for all freeboard other than timber 158 meters.1816. All the occurrences concerned during the watch are to be recorded into it by the duty officer. 17. Upon completion of a voyage, the official log book should be submitted to the marine authorities to serve as evidence of the accidents in question if there are any. 18. It is also to be borne in mind not to make any account, estimate or guess in our logbook, but the facts only. 19. With the stead development of the world shipping industry, there will be more accidents, disputes or execution of regulations and contracts between owners and other sides, for example, the insurance companies, shippers, counts, consignees, and marine authorities. 20. Yawing, pitching, rolling, surging[纵荡]，swaying[横荡]， heaving[垂荡] 21. Initiating distress signals/messages 22. I am in collision with submerged rock. No.3 hold flooding. Fire spreading. Please send immediate assistance. 23. SEELONCE FEENEE at 0830 hours local time. 24. What kind of assistance do you require?1925. I have leak below water line. I am making water. 26. Can you proceed without assistance? 27. I have collided with sea mark 7 of chart 3807. 28. I have major damage at bulbous bow. 29. Yes, aground in position…/on rocky bottom/at high water/at half water/at low water/full length. 30. Risk of grounding at low water. 31. Can you jettison cargo forward to refloat? 32. When do you expect to refloat? I expected to refloat when tide rises/draft decreases/with tug assistance. 33. Can you beach? Yes, I can beach in position… 34. I have heavy list to port side due to flooding/shifting cargo. 35. I am in danger of capsizing. 36. Can you transfer bunkers to stop listing? 37. I am sinking after flooding. I proceed to your assistance. 38. I am not under command in position…2039. I am drifting at 5 knots to 170 degrees. 40. I am under attack of pirates. 41. I was under attack of pirates. 42. I have major damage to navigational instruments. 43. Undesignated distress-I have problems with mass disease. 44. I must abandon vessel after piracy in the west mouth of Malacca strait. 45. CQ,CQ,CQ…Calling all stations. 46. Seelonce feenee. Finish distress communication. 47. Seelonce mayday [静默守时] pru-donce [communication resume] 48. DE-this is… 49. I will act as coordinator surface search. 50. Inform radio coast stations in vicinity and report. 51. RCC in vicinity informed. 52. Stand by signals of the coordinator surface search.2153. Keep sharp lookout for sightings/signals of vessel in distress and report. 54. Inform searching vessels about cancellation of search and rescue. 55. Inform coast radio station about name of vessel with survivors. 56. Right after the distress signal follow the distress call and distress message. 57. The creak has several meters long causing a large quantity of water to flow in and it is beyond her reach to pump the water out. 58. In addition, they must keep continuous listening watch on all international distress frequencies, such as 500 kHz(MF Morse code),2182kHz(Voice or DSC),8364kHz(lifeboat frequency), 156.8mhz(VHF CH16), during sps, the watch is especially relevant. 59. Approximate position 43 20n, 103 06e. Help with search and rescue . 60. How many lifeboats will you launch? 61. What is weather situation in your position? 62. Current 5 knots to 093 degrees.2263. Received MAYDAY from M/V yuhong at 1200 UTC on channel 16/on frequency 8364kHz. 64. Vessel in position…Disabled and abandoned/adrift and in danger of capsizing. 65. Initial course 090, search speed 8 knots. 66. M/V Great Nancy is allocated track number 8. 67. Answer: interval between vessels adjusted to 2 nautical miles. 68. Alter course for next leg of track[航迹区] now. 69. Result of search negative/positive. 70. Sighted derelict/oil slick in position… Can you pick up survivors. 航海专业英语口语（9） 1. Try to obtain information from survivors. 2. There is no hope to rescue more persons. 3. I located him picked up person in position 46 43n, 131 50e. 4. I required boat for hospital transfer. 5. Can you make rendezvous in position 32 13n, 121 12e.236. Maintain visual contact to person in water. 7. Sea state rough, winds Beauport force 7 from north, current 10 knots to 120. 8. What is retreat signal for rescue boat? 9. Retreat signal is Morse signal Sierra with lamp/flag signal Sierra. 10. Survivor in shock/has hypothermia. 11. Keep in contact on VHF channel 16. 12. Aircraft made forced landing near position 32 18n, 123 30e. 13. Containers with dangerous substance of IMDG-Class B adrift near position 43 56n, 143 16e. 14. I am spilling crude oil in position 00 30s, 121 36e. 15. Require oil clear assistance-danger of pollution imminent. 16. I am dangerous source of radiation. 17. Extent of damage unknown. 18. I have stability problems due to heavy icing.2419. A separate announcement need not be made if the urgency message is to be transmitted through the maritime mobile-satellite service. 20. The ARQ mode may subsequently be used when it is advantageous to do so. 21. Mine sighted in position 53 00n, 003 02e, drifting direction 123 degrees at 5 knots. Keep clear. 22. Prepare training plan for occupational safety/regarding type of vessel/regarding route of vessel/regarding kind of cargo/regarding GMDSS equipment. 23. What was last training session on occupational safety? 24. Are new crew members instructed on occupational safety? 25. Participation in training session on occupational safety is mandatory. 26. Prepare emergency plan for first aid/limitation of damage. 27. Brief all crew members on symptoms caused by dangerous substances. 28. What signal/communications are used in case of emergency?2529. Brief all crew members on restricted areas. 30. Brief all crew members on storm/how to report in when entering bridge. 31. Report on telephone while in engine room every 30 minutes. 32. Attention. Entering forecastle of vessel prohibited. 33. Entering weather side of vessel dangerous. 34. Make use of hand rails and lifelines in corridors and on deck. 35. Close all dead lights and storm doors. 36. Working hours on deck restricted from 10 to 12 hours. 37. Apply following personal protective measures on tropical conditions: wear sun- drink mineral water freely. 38. Answer: occupational safety equipment complete and available. 39. Appoint officer in charge of safety before working. 40. Take additional safety measures for work in masts/outboard/in holds/in extreme weather conditions. 41. Occupational accidents-fall from upper deck into lower deck.2642. Take immediate action to recover injured person/control danger area. 43. Shore side assistance required. 44. Prepare accident report. 45. Report location, time, condition of injured, nature and cause of accident, number of causalities. 46. Is wind backing/veering? 47. What is the latest gale warning? 48. What is atmospheric pressure in your position? 1015 millibars. 49. What is barometer change in your position? 1.5 millibars per hour /4 millibars within last 2 hours/steady/dropping rapidly/rising rapidly. 50. What is position, patch and speed of advance tropical storm Ida? Position of tropical storm Hope:…,patch 12(compass points), speed of advance 35 knots. 51. What maximum winds are expected in storm area within radius of 1.5 kilometers? 52. Tsunami wave expected by 1900 UTC.2753. What is the visibility in your position? 54. Visibility increasing/decreasing/reduced by dust. 55. Is visibility expected to change in my position? 56. Yes, visibility expected to decrease to 1 nautical mile in your position/be variable between 2 nautical miles in your position. 57. Ice warning-icebergs located in area around Philip channel. 58. Ice situation expected to change/improve/deteriorate/ break up/open/drift/freeze together away in your position. 59. Navigation dangerous in area around fairway due to floating ice. 60. Area around Greenland temporarily closed for navigation . 61. Danger of icing in area around fairway. 62. Volcanic activities/earthquake/seaquake/abnormal wave /high tides expected in position 04 15s, 143 30e 63. Move to high seas-keep off coast. 64. Present tide 0.5 meters above data in position 15 20n, 105 38e.2865. Tide above/below prediction. 66. Tide rising/falling. 67. Wait until high water. 68. Is sufficient depth of water in position 01 38n, 034 50e. 69. Charted depth of water increased by 2 meters due to winds. 70. Small fishing boats within 10 nautical miles of me. 航海专业英语口语（10） 1. Is fishing gear with buoys ahead of me? 2. Fishing gear fouled my propeller. You have caught my fishing gear. Advise you to recover your fishing gear. 3. Fishing in area bounded by 32 16n 120 16e, 34 00n 120 16e, 32 16n 121 16e, 34 00n 121 16e prohibited. 4. It should be borne in mind that both admiralty notices to mariners and radio navigational warnings may be based on reports which can not always be verified before promulgation. 5. See also annual summary of admiralty notices to mariners.296. Each area is under the authority of an area coordinators, to whom national coordinator pass navigational warnings originated by their own countries, deemed suitable for promulgation in the appropriate NAVAREA. 7. I have a pleasure in informing you that all safety equipment is in full working order. The ship is in all respects ready for sea. In the unlikely event of an emergency, please obey the orders given on the public address system. 8. I ask you kindly to remain calm. 9. Would you mind if I ask you to show your ticket to stewardess standing by gangway? I hope you have a prosperous voyage. 10. Passengers are required to read all notes and leaflets concerning safety regulations. 11. Safety regulations do not permit passengers to enter the following spaces: navigation bridge, engine room, maneuvering areas at the front and back of the ship, cargo rooms and compartments, service rooms, all areas and spaces marked crew only, all closed sealed and roped off areas, spaces and rooms, car decks when the ship is at sea.3012. International regulations require all passengers to be assembled in a drill which has to be carried out/take place within 24 hours of leaving port. 13. A drill will be held to familiarize passengers with their assembly stations/life-saving equipment/emergency procedures . 14. All passengers must attend this drill. 15. In case of emergency seven short blasts and one long blast will be given with the ship’s whistle and the alarm system. 16. Passengers will be taught how to act and behave in case of emergency. 17. Always remember that fire is the greatest hazard aboard ship. 18. Always inform somebody of the crew if you detect fire, smell or smoke. 19. The use of naked light and open fire is strictly prohibited. 20. The ship’s damage control team is fighting flooding. 21. There is smoke formation in main deck-access to this area is prohibited. 22. Do not forget to take your lifejackets and blankets with you.3123. Assistance should arrive within approximately 2 hours. 24. Keep your eyes on the person in the water. 25. Children must be kept under permanent observation. 26. Never let children climb or sit on the ship’s rails. 27. You are encouraged to try on your lifejacket. 28. All passengers must put on: long- strong shoes and head covering. 29. All passengers are required to carefully study the safety instructions behind their cabin doors. 30. Please act in the same manner as under the general emergency alarm. 31. If you have any questions regarding safety, do not hesitate to ask the ship’s officers or crew. 32. Do not return to your cabin to collect your property. 33. At your assembly station one of the officers will perform a roll call. 34. The officer will say ‘this is a roll call’, and he will call out the passengers individually by their names. 35. When your name is called out, please answer loudly ‘here’.3236. If one of your cabin mates is not able to attend the roll call, please inform the officer immediately. 37. Pull lifeja put strings around your waist and tie in front. 38. Follow closely the demonstration given by the officer. The crew members will help you if necessary. 39. Clear entrance of lifeboat when entering. 40. Do not push each other when entering. 41. Hold on to ropes or to your seat when lowering or hoisting. 42. Provisions and drinking water will be distributed by an officer only. 43. Strictly obey all instructions given by lifeboatman. 44. Discipline in the lifeboat is of vital importance. 45. Who needs medical first aid? Everybody will get the same ration of provisions and water. 46. Warning: do not drink sea water whatever the situation. 47. We will use smoke buoys to attract attention.3348. Keep calm. There is no reason to panic. The officers know exactly what to do. 49. There are enough provisions and drinking water for 48 hours. 50. Help children, elderly, disabled, injured or sick persons with lifejacket. 51. We require warm clothing and blankets for the children. 52. All persons, please move closer. The injured need room to lie down. 53. In ships of 61m and upwards but less than 76m in length a double bottom shall be fitted at least outside the machinery space, and shall extend to the fore and after peak bulkheads, or as near thereto as practicable. 54. A double bottom need not be fitted in way of watertight compartments of moderate size used exclusively for the carriage of liquids, provided the safety of the ship, in the event of bottom or side damage, is not, in the opinion of the administration, thereby impaired. 55. We are about to sail from Honking to Antwerp the day after tomorrow. Could you prepare the passage plan beforehand?3456. I received these sets of navigational warnings from Tokyo Radio Station this morning. I suppose some of them are useful. 57. Why did you not fix charts, second mate? 58. I take over the job from former second officer recently. Besides, radio officer seldom provided the latest messages. 59. Land and sea-marks defects-Cromer lighthouse of chart 106 off station/unlit. 60. Unlit derelict vessel adrift /four containers adrift/cable operation/pipeline operations by yumei in vicinity 32 05n, 081 06w at 0830 hours local time. Wide berth requested. 航海专业英语口语（11） 1. GPS satellite 6 unusable/Decca off air from 090600 UTC to 120600 UTC, cancel one hour after time of restoration. 2. Dangerous wreck located/ uncharted rock reported in position 59 50n, 006 10e. 3. Seismic survey/hydrographic by Xiangyanghong No.10. Contact via VHF channel 16. 4. Current meters moored in position 03 06n, 145 33w.355. Avoid this area-no possibility for vessels to turn. 6. Rocket firing exercises/mine clearing operation from may 1st to may 10th in area bounded by… 7. From 1800 to 1968 admiralty charts were published with fathoms and feet as the units for depths, and feet as the units for heights. However, since 1968 admiralty charts have been gradually converted to meters, thus conforming to charts of almost all other countries. 8. The policy is to metricate blocks of charts in specific areas, but at the same time almost all new chars outside these areas will also be published in meters. 9. Chart 5011-symbols and abbreviations used on admiralty charts is published as a pamphlet, and can be conveniently kept with this book. 10. Certain member states of the international hydrographic organization are publishing charts with internationally agreed limits and scales.3611. Standardized symbols and abbreviations are used more widely than before, charts not using standard IHO abbreviations for light description often include a glossary of terms and abbreviations. 12. The international chart number is prefixed by 40 in the 1:10 million series and by 4 in the 1:3.5 million series. 13. Decca charts, prefixed L(D)-navigational charts with the appropriate Decca lattice superimposed on them and covering many of the main trade routes of the world, are published and kept fully corrected by notices to mariners: they may be used in place of the corresponding navigational charts. 14. For the planning of ocean voyages, routing charts show at a glance important information. 15. Ocean plotting sheets, published by the hydrographic department from a series of 8 blank graduated sheets on a scale of 1:1 million covering the world. Six of the sheets which can be supplied with compass roses printed on them are graduated on the Mercator projection and two, of the polar regions, on a stereographic projection. 16. Now, by agreement reached through the IHO, various maritime countries are responsible for coordinating the collection of37oceanic soundings for the compilation of this worldwide bathymetric series. 17. The areas for which coordinating countries are responsible are shown in catalogue of admiralty charts. 18. This series compiled in 1981 and printed by the former USSR under the auspices of the intergovernmental oceanographic commission of UNESCO, consists of 10 sheets on the Mercator projection at a scale of 1:1 million at 38n. 19. Procurement: ocean plotting sheets are available through admiralty chart agents. 20. A great circle course can alternatively be laid off on a Mercator chart by using chart 5029-great circle diagram which enables the latitudes and longitudes of a series of positions along the course to be determined graphically. 21. ECDIS must not be considered equivalent to a paper chart. 22. We shall check crew the understanding of our management system. 23. How many items are there for master’s responsibility? Choose one to express your understanding.3824. Master needs to know conditions of deck department and takes charge of safety operation and effective management of the ship. 25. I am afraid that ship store on forward deck has weakness. 26. How would you take measures if crew is inside and a fire is caused? In addition, how long will crew run from bridge to ship store. 27. Let’s focus on other items.28. Let you start and I will evaluate. 29. I am sorry to tell you that your ship should be detained at this port to be trained in contingency procedure. 30. Starboard side lifeboat boarding light not working. Lifeboats not in water in last 3 months. 31. Charts for forthcoming voyage not corrected. 32. Main receiver antenna broken. 33. Radio batteries S.G. below 1.285. 34. Sea anchor in starboard lifeboat rotted.3935. Official log book not clean. 36. Chain cables No.2 length port side and No.5 & No.7 lengths stb’d to be remeasured and renewed at next docking survey as found necessary. 37. As per the Fax instruction of headquarters, subdivision and stability information exempted, and additional class notation for restriction of trade area on Hull Classification Certificate, i.e. Sailing among China, Korea, Japan and southeast Asia. 38. The port of registry changed from previous Newcastle to present Singapore. 39. The fresh water high-temperature sensor of the main generator engines is not available. 40. The roller of fairlead amidships not turn. 41. Four steps on hatch No.1 coming deformed and dewelded. 42. Chain cable is in turned position. 43. Handrails is not available in the passage way wall of accommodation. 44. The hydraulic switch of skylight found leaking.4045. The error of magnetic compass is not adjusted. 46. Four fixed rings need to be added on upper deck for derrick holds. 47. A growing concern about human safety and health, and pollution of the environment, has caused national authorities and private bodies around the world to impose regulations and restrictions on the handling and application of paint. 48. However, for both practical and economic reasons the acceptance of these products in the marine field has so far been modest. 49. For a fire to break out three factors must be present simultaneously: oxygen heat combustible matter. 50. Heat, then, is the only contributory factor the presence of which we command. 51. This heightens the risk of explosion. 52. Flash point-the temperature at which a liquid at a normal atmospheric pressure(760 mm mercury column) liberates combustible vapors. 53. Self-ignition must be avoided.4154. It is always advisable to wear protective mask in the immediate vicinity of the source of pollution. 55. The injured person must be brought out into fresh air and given artificial respiration if breathing has ceased. 56. Captain, your ship-owner requires you to submit requiring items to shipping company immediately. 57. You can phone your manager to get information in more detail. 58. Could you look them up in Marine Store Guide? 59. Tomorrow bosun and three O.S will serve for painting. 60. Third mate, you will serve for captain to receive harbor master tomorrow. 航海专业英语口语（12） 1. Two rollers of hatch cover not turn, to be renewed or repaired. 2. Six claws to be welded on upper deck bulwark[甲板舷墙] for mooring the small tugs, as C/O requirement. 3. The derrick boom rests to be renewed. Also the deformed position to be corrected.424. Two aluminum alloy stanchions for accommodation ladder were lacked, to be provided. 5. The handrails around store davit to be changed with portable type. 6. Shell plate about one sq.m on No.2 hold starboard side deformed and six positions on bulwarks about two sq.m deformed, to be corrected. 7. The soil pipe in pilot room not flow and this room has no shower, to be repaired and added. 8. The insulation for exposed part of A deck to be carried out. 9. Two axes, fire rods and fire hooks to be provided and fixed as 3/O requirement. 10. The engine telegraph recorder damaged, to be repaired. 11. The coamings to be provided around hot water heater and hot water circulating pump in steering gear room. 12. The graduated scale for circulating lube oil tank and air pressure gauge damaged. 13. Sea water pressure gauges to be provided for main generator.4314. The test board of main generator engine fuel injector to be fixed near fuel oil purifier for operating safety and easily. 15. No.1 main generator engine fresh water cooling outlet to turbine inlet damaged to be renewed. 16. Two thermometer of fuel oil purifier/the inspection glass/fuel oil flow meter/the flange of general service pipe damaged owing to vibration to be renewed, then vibration to be solved. 17. The drain pipes to be installed from the boiler flat and hot water well flat to bilge well for leading the waste oil water. 18. The flow meter for fuel oil of boiler not corrects to be adjusted. 19. The location of discharge valve operating handle for ballast system is incorrect, valve shaft to be upwards for operating convenience. 20. Resistance of motor is only 0.1 M ohm, to be repaired. 21. The control timer is out of order, to be renewed. 22. Start/stop button of mooring at aft is not active. 23. The light beds on aft post near side Navigation Bridge broken to be renewed.4424. Dry-dock repair specification of M/V Cape Venus 25. Vessel to be docked for inspection, derusting, painting and other underwater works. 26. Also includes tug service, line handling and gangway arrangement. 27. The topside about 865 sq.m. To be cleaned with high pressure fresh water, the rusted area to be cleaned by wire brush or disc sander and to be touched up one coat of A/E paint and to be applied one full coat of T/S. To be quoted as per sq.m. 28. All draft figures, plimsoll’s marks, ship’s names and port of registry to be repainted twice in original color. 29. All above paints to be supplied by owner. Each part of the hull should be examined by C/O and obtain his agreement before each coat being applied. 30. Clearance of rudder bearings to be measured and record to be handed over to C/O in triplicate. 31. Four sea chests and grids to be opened, cleaned and applied with paints. Then the grids to be refitted with new brass nuts after C/E’s inspection.4532. Did you have a nice dream? At the midway A.B. wakes me. 33. Captain orders that call him if there is something abnormal. 34. A good sleep is number 1 choice. 35. Due to dense fog, keep a sharp lookout. Navigate with caution. 36. Safety navigation should be always borne in mind. 37. We made rendezvous with M/V Cape Venus. 38. Inform me when arriving at Good Hope Cape. 39. Test auto pilot once each watch by hand wheel operation. 40. Take celestial azimuth and find compass error on each watch if the weather is fine. 41. Use echo sounder frequently when passing shallow water. 42. Keep a sharp lookout for passing vessels and fishing boats in later half of night, especially the boat carrying no lights. 43. Adjust all clocks at mid-night by zone signal. 44. Your handover is not clear.4645. Pay much attention to fishing boat ahead, navaids work in normal condition. 46. The course deviates to port due to current. 47. Are you clear for all items? 48. There is no vessel in the vicinity. Everything is OK. 49. Spring tide. Pay much attention to headlines. 50. I am relax. All certificates are available and complete. 51. The master shall advice the pilot of the vessel’s basic details of present condition. 52. The master in return should request information from the pilot regarding local condition and his navigational intentions. 53. Fallback positions for different eventualities should be included with the plan. 54. The vessel squat-is the algebras sum of the hull sinkage and trimming effect, generally occurring when the ship is moving forward into the shallow water. 55. Under no circumstance shall the officer on watch leave the bridge without being properly relieved.4756. The officer on watch shall check and compare the vessel track and detailed plan and apply necessary alteration of course to avoid possible errors that will cause disastrous consequences. 57. The officer on watch shall refer to the master’s bridge standing orders and night order book. 58. The officer on watch shall call the master anytime during heavy traffic in the sea, navigating at restricted visibility and in any other situation that he is in doubt. 59. It is also to avoid increase of main engine load, that may cause turbo charger surging. 60. The master should note safe cross track margins for the desired route plan in every waypoint. It is the vessel PORT or STB cross track error from the ideal track with the effect of currents, winds and traffic avoidance. 航海专业英语口语（13） 1. The officer on watch during coastal navigation should set radar parallel index to desired safe distance in order to monitor vessel off track from the course laid up on the chart.482. That getting the pilot familiarized of the vessel’s particulars by pilot card should be aware of in advance. 3. Generally we can say that more speed and less under keel clearance will give bigger squat effect with the result that the vessel might touch bottom. 4. Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish the scanning line on the display. 5. If necessary, use siren instead of VHF to express handling intentions for vessels in the vicinity. 6. Pass me the multi-meter and the screw, please. 7. The magnetron is out of order. 8. The sensitivity is not enough. The gyro compass does not respond when the course changed within 1.5 degrees. 9. The course error is about 30 degrees to 60 degrees. 10. Rotate the gyro ball continually along vertical axis. 11. Check s.g of support liquid with hydrometer. 12. The generator turns wrong direction due to wrong phase of the power supply.4913. Please check the circuit with circuit map. 14. Insert A(simulative bridge) instead of B(amplifier). 15. The follow bridge circuit has cut off or high resistanced. The trouble is convergence coil, brush or amplifier. 16. The course indication of repeaters does not match that of gyro compass. 17. Change electron tube ECC-82. Check the voltage whether or not it is 20V. 18. The course gear wheel is free from synchro accordingly. 19. Check and correct s.g of support liquid. 20. Shut down it and start it with COLD switch on. Try again and again. 21. There is no illumination. The fuse has been broken down. 22. The tracking of satellite is not stable. It has lost ship’s position. 23. The capacitors C232 need to be replaced. 24. The receiving level of the INMARSAT SES is not stable. 25. The maker/manufacturer is JRC. The model type is JUE 75-A.5026. Advise to adjust transmission of machine memory’s. The receiving ratio is adjusted to 100:0. 27. The symptom is all control buttons inoperative. 28. The symptom is printing paper always squeezed. 29. The printing of facsimile machine is not clear. The print head is probably out of service. 30. It can not touch really. 31. The echo signals are very weak. Small targets can not be sighted. It is possible to say that magnetron is out of service. 32. We can input data manually but the deviation is beyond the scope. 33. The scanning line reverses, pause, skips. 34. The false targets occurred. 35. The antenna does not synchronize scanning. 36. The change button between relative motion and true motion in the panel does not touch firmly. 37. The synchrous motor is out of order. The heading line swings back and forth. 38. You are kindly advised that APRA radar has been found inoperative.5139. There should be one target, whereas two targets are indicated in the radar screen. 40. There is blind sector between 330 and 350 for DP-2000 type radar. 41. The touch points are not firmly connected due to long time usage of relay. 42. The receiver has occurred frequency shift. 43. The rechargeable accumulator can not be recharged. It can not operate longer when it is full recharged. 44. You did not make a DF self-deviation curve table. 45. The receiving voice in VHF distorted. 46. The thermohead is damage. 47. The facsimile information transmitted at different scanning speeds from a transmitting station can be automatically received. 48. The plug-in module construction ensures easy checking and maintenance.5249. Standard wheel orders: hard-a-port/ keep buoy/mark/ report if she d finished with wheel. 50. Standard engine orders:
bow thru bow thrust ha bow thrust stop. 51. Publication, documents, and sheets: notice
inventory of ship’ MERSAR; IMOSAR; UNCLOS[联合国海洋法]; CFR[联邦法规]；policy[保险单]。 52. Political commissar, GOC apprentice, ship chandler[supplier]; consignee/ forwarding agent[货运代理人]； Kin[家属]; marine liaison officer(MARLO)[海事联络官]；principal[主 委托人]；underwriter[承保人]; repatriate[遣送者]；coxswain[艇长]; endorsee[受让人]; endorser[背书人]. 53. L search light/ walkie-talkie/protable VHF; hawser[粗缆]; catwalk[天桥]; side scuttle[舷窗]；yardarm[横桅杆臂]； echo-53piston[活塞]； gangplank[跳板]；manilla rope[白棕绳]；bollard /bitts/ bulbous bow. 54. *lucky you! How was your weekend? What’s new? Nothing special. How was your vacation? What’s up? Not so much. 55. Each country has her unique culture and civilization, and each country’s citizens have their own behaviors. 56. Using formal greeting words to meet your close friends will make your friend uneasy, using informal words to greet strangers will make you seem too casual. 57. It is zero hour thirty universal time. Here is the news in special English on the voice of America. 58. My daughter is a preschool child. 59. My infant name is xiongxiong. 60. Her given name is Ping. 航海专业英语口语（14） 1. A full western name has three parts: the first name, the middle name, and the surname(or the family name).542. Family tree, extended family, immediate family, step~, in low, ex~[前]. 3. Bye for now[telex]. 4. Well, cheerio[see you later]. 5. Saying bye-bye to your friend’s children makes you love to children. 6. Passer-by: where is the railway station, please? Much appreciated. 7. How can I get there? 8. Is it all right to take this way to the supermarket. 9. When you go on land at overseas, you usually walk around for personal wants and to sightsee. 10. Hail a taxi to take you there. 11. Excuse me, where is the bath room? 12. I’d like to wash my hands. Is there any a ladies’ room? 13. Where is the water closet? Is there a public lavatory near here/nearby?5514. Where is dike? Where is dunny? [AUS] 15. May I please leave the room? 16. May I use the facilities? [USA] 17. Could you show me to a necessary vault? . Gone to the fourth. [USA] 19. May I flush nothing unnecessary down the commode? [USA, to girls] 20. Yes, who is speaking, please? Just tell him Kent’s calling. . May I ask for an overseas call to London? Is this a station call or a personal call? 22. Could you call back after a while? 23. Nobody by that name works here. 24. Yes, I follow you. I am all ears. 25. Why didn’t you clean your room? 26. I have met a traffic jam, but I managed to be here as soon as possible.5627. Could you say it again? I said turn down the radio. 28. I’m sorry. I didn’t catch what you said. What a shame! 29. Come on, this is not the end of the world. 30. They lived in the rich Mississippi valley in what is now the state of Alabama. 31. They sat in a circle and listened to the wisdom of the chief. 32. His name was Obadiah Kelly and he put his initials, O.K. on each package people gave him to ship by train. 33. But perhaps the most believable explanation is that the word OKEY was invented by a political organization in the 1800’s. 34. Serious writers would rather use agree, assent, approve, confirm, and so on. 35. What would you like to order, Sir? I’d like a shrimp take-away. 36. Would you like anything to drink? 37. What would like to drink, tea or coffee? 38. Keep the change as your tip. 39. Are you ready to order now, Sir?5740. I’ll have cream of tomato soup, please. 41. May I have the bill, please? 42. May I pay this time? 43. Does that include service? 44. What is the onion soup like here? 45. I think I would like to start with a soup. 46. What kind of drinks do you have? 47. This is an accepted practice and not considered at all impolite. 48. As an expression of your opinion of the waitress’s service, you leave a tip of 10~15% of total cost. 49. In fast food restaurants, however, no tip is necessary. . It is not polite to stand next to people who are eating as many of us do in China. 51. Could we make an appointment at this week? 52. Mary, I will hail a party this weekend. 53. Do you have spare/leisure/free time now?5854. Are you sure you can’t attend this meeting? 55. May I ask you to change your appointment/schedule? 56. I’d like to meet you some time this week. I have made a date with my girlfriend . 57. Do you have any particular time in mind? 58. I am available all the time/on 9 o’clock. 59. Could you make tomorrow instead? I’ve got another engagement. Something’s come up. What time is convenient for you? 航海专业英语口语（15） 1. But it has French subtitles. 2. There are shows at 5 o’clock and 9 o’clock. 3. What time will 9 o’clock show finish? 4. Excuse me, could you tell me the time of the next train to Los Angles? 5. Oh, a single ticket, please. Which platform does it leave from? 6. What gate does the plane to New York leave from?597. What time is it by your watch? 8. Where is the information office? 9. Where can I catch the No.3 bus? 10. What do I need to take with me? 11. Tipping is a general practice here. The usual amount is about 10~15% of the bill. Tips are also expected on top of the 10% service charge included in the bills of most hotels and restaurants. 12. What color and size do you like, Sir? I can make a special price for you. 13. Have you got a Hitachi TV with international systems? 14. What if I give you/how about 11 dollars? That is a deal. 15. That is a bargain. Please pay cash. 16. Not like in flea market, there is little chance to bargain in supermarket. 17. I bought a razor, a video tape recording machine and a video camera6018. I’d like to mail this letter to the people’s republic of China. What is the postage for this to China? 19. Excuse me, where can I buy some stamps? 20. Which window handle EMS? 21. I am afraid that your stamps do not cover your postage. 22. Could you look it up for me? 23. Excuse me, is this a through train? 24. Where can I get a limited express ticket to Tokyo? 25. I suppose it is necessary to make a reservation. At least a day in advance. 26. What is the fare? 27. Is there a dinning hall on the train? 28. Is this a express train to New York? 29. You can make a reservation two days in advance. 30. Does this train stop in Tokyo? 31. At last you can think your packing for your trip.6132. Sometimes you need to buy the tickets through lining up. 33. Is this the taxi service? 34. We need a minibus which has 12 seats for sighting. 35. How much is the rate per day? We measure it in mileage charge. Twelve dollars for one mile. 36. It is the luxury villa, isn’t it? 37. How much is the mileage charge? 38. We need to leave/have your deposit. 39. Do you have a driver’s license? 40. Nearly every major city in the world provides some form of public transportation. 41. They provide transportation service on many routes from the city center to the suburbs. 42. The world’s first subway system was built in London, and trains have been operating there since 1890. 43. They will take you to within walking distance of almost any place in the city.6244. Taxis are convenient if you are in a hurry or if you are taking along a number of suitcases or packages. 45. If you ever visit a major city in another country, you will have to find out first about the scarcity of taxis when you are trying to find one during rush hours. 46. Like many people, the most inexpensive and reliable form of transportation will be your own two legs. 47. I’d like to book 7 single rooms with bath room for 5 days. 48. Could i reserve a double room for the 14th? 49. It was a double room booked in the name of Mr. Smith for a month starting on the 18th . 50. I’m afraid i can’t change the reservation. 51. Can we change to a room with a view of the sea? 52. How much is the per-day rate? 53. May i help carrying your luggage? Tip for you. 54. You should use these services as if you were at home.6355. Describing the symptoms-when did this start? 56. I felt very bad last night when i went to bed, then i felt worse this morning. 57. I’ll write you a prescription. Take it to the chemist’s and they will give you some medicine. You must rest for a day or two.58. It must be fracture. You’d better take the sleeping pills once a day. 59. Follow the doctor’s advice. 60. Somehow people tend to believe that the work will never get done unless they do it themselves. 航海专业英语口语（16） 1. It is important for the protection of your health. 2. Even if you are feeling better, and even if you feel that you are strong enough to go back to work, you may still be sick enough to infect others, especially when you have a virus. 3. Also, of course, going back to work prematurely could cause a relapse, and this would mean that you might miss even more work.644. Paying close attention to diet and medication may mean the difference between a rapid recovery and a prolonged sickness. 5. In fact, many medicines can be dangerous if not taken exactly according to instructions. 6. During an illness, it is wise not only to rest your body, but to rest your mind as well. 7. Give yourself a complete rest, both physically and mentally. Free your mind from worries and anxieties, and just relax. 8. Could you please fill out these two slips? This one is for withdrawal and another one is for your deposit. 9. Yes, I’d like to exchange us dollars into Japanese yens. What is current exchange rate? 10. What notes do you refer? 10000 notes/5o will be fine, please. 11. Six pieces of 10000 notes, and the others. It makes 63160 altogether. 12. Can I cash these traveler’s checks here? Next wicket, sir. 13. I’d like to open a saving account/cash this check. 14. Do you have an account with us?6515. What denomination, sir? /how did you want that? 16. What is the exchange rate for today? 17. How much is the interest altogether? 18. The exchange rate between gold franc (gf) and special drawing right (sdr) is fixed. 19. Of course, if you bounce a check, that is to say, if your check is returned for insufficient funds, the bank will make a charge for that, too. 20. Ninety-six Fahrenheit/negative eight centigrade 21. 23 pounds 95 pence/10 dollars 22 cents 航海专业英语书面部分（1） 1． make preparations for sea/arriving in port. 2． deck/engine/business department joint-inspection binocular 3． before relieving: check standing and night orders and acknowledge by signature. evaluate course line projected for duration of watch. determine if any hazardous potential exists with traffic. check running lights. determine status66of electronic navigational aids. relieve officer of watch after adjusting vision for a night watch. 4． being relieved: orally transfer information regarding status of vessel to the relieving mate. verify that relieving officer has accepted responsibility for the watch. enter appropriate information into ship’s log. 5． instruct lookout as to duties. 6． plot and maintain bearing and range of contacts on radar. 7． plot targets on manoeuvring board for verification. 8． inform master of situation and intentions as appropriate. 9． observe azimuth of celestial body for dead reckon. 10． obtain position by use of satellite navigation system. 11． determine current set and drift and the time of meridian transit. 12． determine celestial fix using sun lines. observe meridian altitude. 13． day’s run / plot radar fix / fathometer6714． monitor channel 16 ands 13 on VHF radiotelephone. 15． use VHF radiotelephone to initiate a safety/urgent/ distress message. 16． check that all movable objects on deck and deadlights have been secured where necessary. 17． take on ballast. hire a ferryboat. 18． fire-hydrant / axe / coastwise / Johnny walker=whisky 19． shut watertight
drain fire mains on deck. 20． enter ice mass perpendicular t if you must with large chunks of ice, do it head on. 21． see that movable objects on deck are checked and, where necessary, secured. 22． greater emphasis should be placed on specific information required from radar plotting for detecting traffic or aids to navigation.6823． the tasks required in restricted waters for visual monitoring would be identical to those for the open sea condition with the addition of the following tasks. 24． tasks noted in collision avoidance for the open sea condition are essentially the same as those required for restricted waters with the addition of the need to identify the line of demarcation specified in the international regulations for preventing collision at sea, more commonly referred to as the collision regulations. 25． tasks described in the open sea condition also would be applied for coastwise or harbour approach navigation. particular items would receive more emphasis in restricted waters depending on circumstances. 26． predict/determine ETA at berth 27． be identical to those noted in the open sea condition. 28． at the approach to a harbour, additional specific communication tasks would be required. 29． assist the pilot and master as required. 30． ETA sent to pilot station at appropriate time with all relevant information required.6931． available port information, sailing directions &c should be studied. 32． latest navigational messages available for area received. 33． stabilizers housed. 34． engines tested for satisfactory operation ahead and astern. 35． steering gear tested in primary and secondary system. 36． synchronization of clocks checked. 37． manual steering engaged in sufficient time for helmsman to become accustomed before manoeuvring commences. 38． which side to berthing? 39． switch on and synchronize gyro and repeaters. 40． switch on and tune radar for operation. 41． ensure propeller and rudder clear of obstruction, test autopilot and changeover arrangements. 42． test window wipers/clear view screens. 43． ensure that charts collected up-to-date and courses laid off.7044． ensure crew at stations for leaving/entering harbour. 45． 7 shorts and 1 prolonged. 46． gather nautical almance, HO229, plotting tools, sextant, pilot or other chart, an take to lifeboat. 47． find emergency position-indicating radio beacon and lash to lifeboat. 48． establish emergency communications with engine room. 49． fire frigate / concave / convex 50． manoeuvre ship to minimize effects of collision. 51． sound bilges and tanks after collision. 52． notify all concerned of the site of fire. 53． slow vessel and manoeuvre to put fire on lee side of vessel with relative wind abeam. 54． check all adja cool down. 55． prepare line-throwing apparatus and pyrotechnics. 56． ready light and shapes.7157． sound
take drafts. 58． utilize magnetic compass or any alternative means used as heading. 59． inform person responsible for gyro maintenance. 60． test watertight integrity and pump operations. 61． prepare a temporary patch, if possible. 62． trim by 3 feet at stern. 63． enclose and winterize lookout station. 64． topside for de-icing. 65． use antifreeze as necessary. 66． skirt to windward of the ice mass, if possible. 67． enter ice mass perpendicular to edge at slow speed. 68． if you must collide with large chunks of ice, do so head on. 69． use rudder and bow thrusters to best navigational advantage. 70． release life ring with watertight or smoke signal. 航海专业英语书面部分（2）721． post lookouts to keep person or life ring in sight. 2． have a crewman in wet suit standing by to assist in case of shipboard recovery, lower cargo net or accommodation ladder. 3． make VHF call with PAN,PAN,PAN to clarify manoeuvres or request assistance. 4． have safety lines rigged on deck. 5． keep in mind the cautions under ‘hurricane evasion’. 6． after stranding, sw ready pumps. 7． have overside soundings taken 8． these rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels. 9．they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these rules. 10． whenever the government concerned shall have determined that… 11． nothing shall exonerate any crew thereof from the consequences of the neglect of any precaution which may be73required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstance of the case. 12． in construing and complying with these rules due regard shall be had to any sp}