intervention study和research区别 和observational study和research区别的区别在哪里

【转】大白话介绍之队列研究(cohort&study)
大白话介绍之队列研究(cohort study)
  大白话介绍之队列研究(cohort study)
  临床研究中,cohort
study翻译成中文叫做队列研究,cohort这个词的原意是军队里的步兵,表示的是用一个群体中具有相似属性的人。队列研究的证据强度在RCT(随机对照试验)之下,其最大特点是观察性和前瞻性,即研究者不对观察对象进行任何干预,而只是设立纳排标准,将符合的样本纳入进行观察,在不同的时点进行结局测量并进行数据分析。
  队列研究也是分组的,只不过不像RCT,分为治疗组和对照组,而是分为了暴露组和非暴露组,其主要作用之一就是研究疾病与危险因素的关系。以吸烟与肺癌的关系为例。我们可以观察一群吸烟的人(此时为健康人)那么吸烟在这个研究中就属于暴露因素,我们可以同时期观察不吸烟的健康人群作为对照,那么这个对照用的群组就属于非暴露组,经过一段时间(此类观察性研究往往时间很长),可以是一年,十年,二十年,通过长期的跟踪随访,测量两组人群肺癌的患病率,那么肺癌在这里就是我们所要测量的结局。
  另外在一些涉及伦理学问题或者患者依从性问题的临床研究中,队列研究有时候可以代替随机对照试验,比如在中医药的研究中,有时候把老中医开方子和安慰剂作对照进行RCT患者不容易接受,我们就可以采用队列研究的方法,不干预,只观察,还有关于中医辨证论治的研究,cohort
study也不失为一个很值得考虑的办法。这方面曾经发过一个帖子,大家参考,欢迎讨论&
原文地址:/blogger/post_read.asp?BlogID=1833268&PostID=
The following is from Wikipedia.
Cohort study
From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
For other senses of this word, see&.
study&or&panel
study&is a form of&&(a type of&) used in&,&,&,&, and&.
It is an analysis of&&and follows a group of people who do
not have the disease, and uses correlations to determine the
absolute risk of subject contraction. It is one type
of&&and should be compared with
a&. Cohort studies are largely about the life histories of
segments of populations, and the individual people who constitute
these segments.
a group of people who share a common characteristic or experience
within a defined period (e.g., are born, are exposed to a drug or
vaccine or pollutant, or undergo a certain medical procedure). Thus
a group of people who were born on a day or in a particular period,
say 1948, form a birth cohort. The comparison group may be the
general population from which the cohort is drawn, or it may be
another cohort of persons thought to have had little or no exposure
to the substance under investigation, but otherwise similar.
Alternatively, subgroups within the cohort may be compared with
each other.
&are a superior
methodology in the hierarchy of evidence in therapy, because they
limit the potential for any biases by randomly assigning one
patient pool to an intervention and another patient pool to
non-intervention (or placebo). This minimizes the chance that the
incidence of&(particularly
unknown confounding) variables will differ between the two groups.
However, it is important to note that RCTs may not be suitable in
all cases and other methodologies could be much more suitable to
investigate the study's objective.
studies can either be conducted prospectively, or retrospectively
from archived records.
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比较效果研究常用方法之二:队列研究设计
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比较效果研究常用方法之二:队列研究设计
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