Chef Works ~ We can help you Brand your Location with your Attire and Color. It's what we do! | Mark Kuhlmann | LinkedIn
DeleteAre you sure you want to delete this comment?DeleteCancelThe threats faced by our ocean planet may seem overwhelming. In the face of pollution, climate change, overfishing, and other daunting problems, what you can do on your own may seem like a drop in the bucket. But if we begin working together now, we can make a huge difference. Here are some ways to get started:
Credit:&Liew Shan Sern/Marine Photobank
Make the ConnectionThe first step in making a difference is learning about the ocean and how your actions have an impact. Keep reading to learn everyday things you can do to help protect and restore the seas. And don't forget to share what you've learned with friends and family.
Flickr User fatedsnowfox
Be Water Wise
All water on Earth is connected. Even if you don't live near the coast, water that goes down your drain or runs off from your yard can eventually make its way into the ocean. The Mississippi River, for example, is like a giant funnel collecting water from thousands of smaller rivers and streams. It drains 41 percent of the continental U.S. into the Gulf of Mexico. Because of run-off from farms and fields, the Gulf now experiences large annual dead zones, or areas with so little oxygen that sea life cannot survive there. You can help keep the ocean—and other waterways—healthy by reducing your family's use of chemicals inside and out.
In the yard: Use as little fertilizer as possible. Fertilizers (including manure) add nutrients to the soil and water that can be carried downstream when it rains. Extra nutrients can cause harmful
that disrupt the ocean's natural balance. Try to grow plants suited to the local natural conditions. They will grow hardily with fewer chemicals.
On the table: Look for fruits and vegetables that are grown without pesticides (and don't spray them in your own garden). Pesticides contain toxins that can run off into the sea and harm marine life. Also look for produce grown in season and close to where you live. A lot of energy is wasted in transporting foods from far away or growing them in greenhouses at the wrong time of year. See tip number five below to find out how our energy use affects the ocean.
In the house: Choose non-toxic cleaning products and low-phosphate detergents. Many household chores can be done with simple ingredients like vinegar, baking soda, or lemon juice. Visit
page for suggestions.
Cristina Castillo / Smithsonian Institution
Trim Down Trash
Remember that trash we "throw away" doesn't disappear. And moving water—whether waves on the beach, the stream running through your neighborhood, or rainwater flowing toward the storm drain—can carry loose trash to the ocean. , especially plastic, is a major hazard for marine animals. Sea birds, turtles, seals, and other animals can mistake floating plastic for food or become tangled in it and die. Help prevent this by curbing your family's throwaway habits.
Ditch the disposable lifestyle: Make a point to , beverage cups, and food containers. When you must use disposable items, reuse or recycle them whenever possible.
Garbage patrol: Never litter (inland, on the beach, or from a boat), and participate in beach or waterway clean ups to help stop the flow of trash into the ocean.
Flickr User Andrew3000
Be Fish Friendly
When it comes to many of our once-favorite seafoods, there aren't plenty more fish in the sea. In fact, scientists estimate that up to 90 percent of large predatory fish (those that eat other animals—and usually end up on our dinner plates) have disappeared since humans began heavy fishing. Marine animals are also caught and sold for aquariums and as souvenirs. You can avoid trouble by only buying products that you know were sustainably harvested. (Sustainable means that the species can maintain a healthy population and the natural balance is not disrupted by harvesting.
Watch what you eat: Demand sustainable seafood at the supermarket and in your favorite restaurants. Always know what to order by downloading a . And when fishing for your own seafood, make sure you follow all local catch limits.
Choose pets carefully: If you have a salt-water aquarium, make sure you ask where and how the animals you buy were collected. Look for the
in pet stores to find animals that were carefully harvested and well cared for. And never release an unwanted pet into the ocean or any waterway. Organisms that don't belong can crowd out the locals and disrupt the ecosystem.
Select sea-friendly souvenirs: Steer clear of jewelry, mementoes, and products made from marine animals or animal parts, including shells and—especially—coral.
Flickr User e_cathedra
Cut Carbon
When we burn fossil fuels (like oil, gas, or coal) to power our homes, businesses, and cars, we are adding the gas carbon dioxide to the air. The blanket of carbon dioxide we've been building for over a hundred years acts like a greenhouse, trapping more of the sun's heat. More heat means a warmer ocean, which is taking its . It also causes the ocean to become more acidic, which makes it hard for organisms like corals and clams to build their skeletons and shells. You can help slow global warming and
by reducing your "carbon footprint"—the amount of carbon dioxide released as you go about your daily activities.
Power down: Making little changes in the way we live can go a long way to reducing energy use—and carbon emissions. Try drying laundry on a clothesline or rack instead of in the dryer. Walk, bike, take the bus, or carpool to work or school. Replace light bulbs and older appliances with newer, .
Switch sources: Not all energy comes from burning fossil fuels. Clean, unlimited energy can come from the sun, wind, or heat deep in the Earth (called geothermal). Call your power company or visit the
page to find alternative energy programs near you.
Mike Lang/Smithsonian Institution
Recreate Responsibly
A trip to the beach or out on the water to snorkel or fish is a great way to learn more about the ocean and celebrate all it does for us. But when you visit, make sure you are not causing harm. Remember that every terrain is important to marine life—and to us!
On the sand: When walking on sand dunes, be careful of any grasses and plants growing there. Living plants help hold sand in place. Dead plants and seaweed provide fertilizer. Both should be left alone.
In the shallows: On rocky shores, the shallow "tidepools" that are exposed when the tide is out, can be a great place to look for interesting marine life. But be careful not to trample on these fragile critters and their homes. Look, but don't touch.
Near the reef: When snorkeling or diving, never touch the reef! Corals and other animals are fragile and easily killed by a grasping hand or careless flipper. Also never feed or handle marine animals.
In open water: When boating, be very careful where you anchor. Anchors can scar reefs and rip out seagrass beds, which provide food and shelter for many species. Where permanent anchoring buoys are provided, use them.
Calling all ocean lovers: What’s Your Blue? Have you found it? More than ever, the fate of the ocean is in our hands. To be good stewards and leave a...
Credit:&Amos Nachoum 2005/Marine Photobank
Credit:&Justin Stumberg, U.S. Navy/Marine Photobank当前位置：
＞＞＞We want to know _______ to help them. [ ]A. what can we do..
We want to know _______ to help them.
A. what can we do B. what we can do C. how can we do D. how we can do
题型：单选题难度：中档来源：广东省中考真题
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“We want to know _______ to help them. [ ]A. what can we do..”主要考查你对&&宾语从句&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句连接代词主要有：who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等。 宾语从句的特点:1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。4.whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。5.如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.
宾语从句的时态:1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.4.&如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。&宾语从句的语序:A. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。 　　 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. 　　 Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。 　　　 Bad: I thought that he could finish this　job in just two hours impossible. 　　 Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two&hours.　&C. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. 　　 Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.&D.&&主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. 　　 Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner
宾语从句的否定转移: 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等。并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是? 宾语从句中引导词的用法比较在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.2.在以下情况中that不能省略a.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.b.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.c.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.d.注:许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句1.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.2.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句a.在带to的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there.b.在介词的后面例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.c.在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next weekd.直接与or not连用时例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.3.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句a.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.b.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.c.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
if,whether在宾语从句中的区别 a.if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if b.少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.&c. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. d.在不定式前只能用whether. （如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。） e.避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。1.英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?2.英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.简化宾语从句常用六法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window.→She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us.→He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy&
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