as if用于虚拟语气的三种时态中,后接内容与现在事实相反,主句谓语用过去式,对吗

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虚拟语气,虚拟语气讲解,虚拟语气的用法,虚拟语气ppt,倒装句,虚拟语气练习题,英语虚拟语气,if虚拟语气,定语从句,虚拟语气的用法归纳
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3秒自动关闭窗口wish后面加虚拟语气时的一般规则是什么?_百度知道
wish后面加虚拟语气时的一般规则是什么?
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简而言之,表示对现在的虚拟用过去时(did ),对过去的虚拟用过去完成时(had done ),对将来的虚拟用(would /could/might do )。
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wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。
其主要形式有三种:
表示对现在情况的虚拟: wish + 主语 + 动词过去式或 were
表示对过去情况的虚拟: wish + 主语 + had + 过去分词
表示对将来情况的虚拟: wish + 主语 + would + 动词原形。
I wish I knew what was going to happen.
但愿我能知道要发生什么事。
She wished she had stayed at home.
她懊悔的是她当时要是在家就好了。
I wish I were rich.
我恨不得我很有钱。
注意:在表示对过去情况的虚拟时,有时也可以用下列形式:
wish + 主语 + would(could)+ have + 过去分词
I wish I could have seen her last night.
要是我昨天晚上能够见到她那该多好。
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虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her. ② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. ③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。 ④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。 ⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn&#39;t want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn&#39;t be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题) ⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构,这时候,如果出现not等否定词,否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用,但频频出现在各类考试中出现,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. ⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达,但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达,副词otherwise等表达出来。例如:We didn&#39;t know
otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。 ⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里,于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里,如果主句没有用虚拟语气,或者从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的。 Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him. ⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后。例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy. 除此之外,上述动词也要求用虚拟式 ① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms. ② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled. ③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation. ⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now. Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气 ⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中虚拟形式使用,这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly. ⒉ 在It&#39;s (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式,例如It is high time that you went to school ⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。 ⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动词原形。例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四级第38题) ⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice. 虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功! 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 虚拟语气详解运用: 简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。如: ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运! ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐! ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就! ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。 2、用动词原形。例如: (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁! (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! 三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”) (1).God save me. (2).Heaven help us. 四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号:! 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如:work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not。 (1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don&#39;t be afraid. (口语中常用don&#39;t 代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。如: (1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。 (2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。 第三部分:名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反): 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。例: 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反): 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would, could, might+现在完成时。例: 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I hadn&#39;t wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn&#39;t lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此) 例题分析:I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 动词wish后面接从句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案 三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望): 从句动词
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用微信扫一扫2018年12月英语六级语法巩固:虚拟语气_英语六级语法资讯-新东方在线移动版
2018年12月英语六级语法巩固:虚拟语气
    英语六级语法巩固:虚拟语气  1. 表示现在/过去/将来情况的虚拟条件句  虚拟条件句主要有三种结构:  1) 表示与现在情况相反:主句谓语用&would / could / might
+动词原形&,从句谓语用&动词的一般过去时&(动词be的过去式一律用were)。  If I were you, I would not accept his offer.  If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.  2) 表示与过去情况相反:主句谓语用&would / could / might + have +过去分词&,从句谓语用过去完成时。  If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.  If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.  3) 表示与将来情况相反:主句谓语用&would / could / might +动词原形&,从句谓语用&were +动词不定式&或&should
+动词原形&。  If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to
study.  If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.  2. 虚拟条件句连接词if的省略  如果虚拟条件句的从句中含有were, had, should, could等词时,可以省略连接词if,但这时必须把were, had, should,
could等词移到主语前面,形成倒装。这种句型主要用于书面形式。  Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.  Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.  Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.  3. wish后宾语从句中的谓语构成  动词wish后的宾语从句表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望,其宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,有以下三种构成形式。  1) 表示现在不可能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。(be的过去式为were)。  I wish I had enough money to buy a car.  I wish I were as young and energetic as you.  2) 表示过去未能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时(had +过去分词)或&would / could + have +过去分词
&。  I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.  I wish I could have done it better.  3) 表示将来不可能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用&would / should (could, might) +动词原形&。  I wish I would not get old.  I wish I could travel around the world one day.  4. 某些动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气  在一些动词后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should
+动词原形。这类动词一般表示命令,要求,决定,建议,主张等概念,主要有:advise, ask, command, decide, demand,
desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require,
suggest,等。  The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 per
cent.  The teacher decided that you do the experiment first.  5. 某些名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气  在一些名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should
+动词原形。这类名词一般表示命令,要求,决定,建议,主张等概念,主要有:advice, idea, instruction, motion, order,
plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,等。  My suggestion is that we (should) send for a doctor immediately.  He gave the order that they (should) do the experiment again.  6. 错综时间条件句  条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作,有时发生的时间是不一致的.如从句是对过去情况的假设,而主句可能是对现在正在进行情况的假设。
这种句子称为错综时间条件句.  If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still
better.  7. 某些主语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气  某些表示命令,要求,决定,建议,主张以及&重要性&和&紧迫性&等概念的主语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should
+动词原形。这类主语从句一般由 &It is (was) + 形容词/过去分词 + that引导的从句&构成。该结构中,常用的形容词主要有:advisable,
appropriate, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory,
proper, urgent, vital等;常用的过去分词主要有:arranged, decided, demanded, desired, ordered,
proposed, recommended, requested, suggested等。  It is necessary that you (should) stop smoking so heavily.  It is arranged that you (should) enter for this competition.  8. as if / though引起的从句  当as if /
though引起的从句所表达的内容完全与实际情况相反或者纯粹是一种假设时,通常要用虚拟语气。如果从句表示与现在的事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;如果从句表示与过去的事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句表示与将来的事实相反,谓语动词用would
(might, could) + 动词原形;  They talked as if they had been friends for years.  I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.  It looks as if it might rain.  Note: 如果as if / though引起的从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是真实的,则要用陈述语气。  It seems as if it is going to rain.  The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.  9. lest, for fear that和 in case引起的从句  当lest, for fear that和 in case表示&以免,以防,生怕,惟恐&等时,在它们引起的从句中,谓语动词常用should +
动词原形。  He ran away lest he should be seen.  He’s working hard for fear that he should fall behind.  He left early in case he should miss the last train.  10. If only引出的从句  If only引出的从句用以表达感叹性的愿望,常译为&要是…就好了&。If
only从句经常省略结果主句,且主要用在虚拟语气中,即从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在或将来不可能实现的愿望,或用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。  If only the rain would stop.  If only I’d listened to my parents.  Note: if only引出的句子偶尔也可使用陈述语气,但考生须注意的是,在各类测试中一般都以用虚拟语气为正确答案。  11. would rather(that)引出的从句  would rather意为&宁愿&,接从句时常省略关系代词that。would
rather后的从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。  I’d rather you told me the truth.  I would rather you came tomorrow than today.  I’d rather you hadn’t told me about it.  12. It is (about/high) time (that) 句型  该句型表示&(早)该做…&,其后的定语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气表示。在测试中从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。  It is time that we went to bed.  It is high time that somebody taught you to behave yourself.  13. 表示猜测的几种不同的方法及意义  一些情态动词与动词的完成式连用能够表示对过去情况的猜测或者未实现的可能性。  1) could have + 过去分词  A. 表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测,意为,&可能做了某事&。  He couldn’t have seen her yesterday.  They could have lost their way.  B. 表示某事在过去本有可能发生,但事实上并未发生,意为,&本可以做某事&。  We could have started a little earlier.  I could have killed her. It was a narrow escape.  2) may (might) have + 过去分词  A. 表示对过去情况的推测,意为,&可能已做某事&。  He may have heard the news.  I might have come to a wrong conclusion.  B. 表示一种未实现的可能性,即本可以做某事,而实际上并没有做,有时含有抱怨的口吻。  It was a narrow escape. You might have killed yourself.  A lot of men died who might have been saved.  3) must have + 过去分词  表示逻辑上的必然性,即按照某些现象推断过去肯定发生过的某事。  She must have made a big mistake.  The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level
of civilization.  4) needn’t have + 过去分词  表示过去不必做某事,但已经做了,即本可不必做某事。  You needn’t have woken me up. I don’t have to go to work today.  He needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.  5) should / ought to have + 过去分词  表示过去应该做某事而实际上没有做。  You should / ought to have done what your parents told you. (But you failed
to do it.)  You should / ought to have been more careful. (But you weren’t.)  6) shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have + 过去分词  表示过去不应该做某事而实际上却做了。  You shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have crossed the road when the lights were red.
(But you did.)  They shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have left so soon. (But they did.)  7) would have + 过去分词  表示对现在或将来某时之前业已完成的动作的推测。可译为,&可能&、&也许&、&想必&。  He would have arrived by now.  She would have recovered by then.  
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