图片前两个例句中的， who 和who whom that不可以省略吗？ 我看后两个句子都有括号，可以省略？
点击联系发帖人
时间：2018-05-25 02:05
who和whom有什么区别啊。是不是介词后面不能用who？_百度知道
who和whom有什么区别啊。是不是介词后面不能用who？
who和whom有什么区别啊。是不是介词后面不能用who？。。。。急急急
我有更好的答案
从理论上说，who 为主格，whom为宾格：Where’s the girl who sells the tickets? 卖票的女孩在哪里？The author whom you criticized in your view has written a letter in reply. 你在评论中批评的那个作者已写了一封回信。但实际上，除非在正式文体中，宾格关系代词 whom 往往省略不用，或用who或that代之：thatThe man (that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim. 你刚遇见的那个人叫吉姆。 不过，以下几种情况值得注意：(1) 直接跟在介词后面作宾语时，只能用 whom，而且不能省略：She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 她带了3个朋友来，我以前都没见过。(2) 引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时，who 引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时和 whom均可用，但以用 whom 为佳，此时也不能省略： This is Jack, whom [who] you haven’t met before. 这是杰克，你以前没见过。
Who是主格,Whom是宾格,除引导定语从句用介词+Whom不用Who,大多数情况下Who包含Whom,主格只用Who,宾格Who,Whom都可用.
whom只能做宾语，就是在介词后 who既可以主语
也可以宾语
为您推荐：
其他类似问题
您可能关注的内容
介词的相关知识
换一换
回答问题，赢新手礼包
个人、企业类
违法有害信息,请在下方选择后提交
色情、暴力
我们会通过消息、邮箱等方式尽快将举报结果通知您。长难句句子诵读和互译练习66句(何凯文)-英汉句子互译
您现在的位置：&&>>&&>>&长难句句子诵读和互译练习66句(何凯文)
长难句句子诵读和互译练习66句(何凯文)来源：&&&&关键词：
1. This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. 词汇突破：cognitive 认知的 （后天习得的） Intuitive
先天的 和以上这组单词概念相同的表达还有： Nature先天；nurture后天；先天的；made 后天的；innate天生的；Acquired后天习得； Determine 决定 Coupled with 相当于and,想类似的表达还有 combined with等。 主干识别：句子的主语是This success和later research ；谓语是 宾语是E 不定式短语to conclude 做状语；主干结构是：this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that … 其他成分：在research后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语，在这个 现在分词短语中that引导的从句做showing 的宾语；在不 定式短语中that引导的从句做conclude的宾语； more…than结构翻译为与其说，不如说。 微观解析：由于主语中的第二个并列成分比较长，且是用两个逗号隔 开的，在阅读的时候可以跳读；把This success和动词led 先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。 1 译文赏析：这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱 立信道，记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说 是一种习得的行为。 2. It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 词汇突破：visualize 想象 Figure out 发现和找出 Suits 使…适合 主干识别：句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句，it是句子的形式主语；句子主干为: How …is not obvious. 在主语从句中主语是capacity，谓语是suits 宾语是 其他成分：状语为to answer…主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定 语； 动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导 的定语从句。 难点揭秘：这个句子是一个由形式主语it引导的主语从句，其中难点为需要识别出主语从句中的动词suits. 译文赏析：构思物体和找出数字模型的能力是如何让一个人去回答那 些连最好的诗人和哲学家都回避的问题的，这点我们还不 是很清楚。 2 3．Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. 【词汇突破】Toil through (辛苦的经历) 名词：Winston Churchill: &Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat”(丘吉尔) sweat and toil （汗水和辛苦） He succeeded after years of toil. (他经历数年的辛 劳之后成功了) SAT 美国高考 全称为scholastic assessment test 学术性评估测试 testify 证实 matter 这里是动词，重要；sth matters 事情很重要； 【主干识别】anyone 为句子的主语，will testify 为句子谓语，that引导一个宾语从句； 【其他成分】that 引导的宾语从句中test-taking skill 为主语，matters 做谓语，whether 引导一个状语从句 【译文赏析】任何一个曾经辛苦的经历过SAT考试的人都会证实考试的技巧也很重要，无论这种技巧是知道什么时候去猜还是知道什么问题应该跳过。 3 【】Anyone who has achieved the success to any extent will testify that cooperation matters, whether it’s individual’s willingness to cooperate or team work spirit of a group. 4. During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. 【词汇突破】count on 依靠； fair play 公平竞争 【主干识别】the American middle-class family has been transformed主干是主谓结构被动态； 【其他成分】that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure 定语从句修饰middle-class family ；During the past generation和by economic risk and new realities 做状语； 【微观解析】the American middle-class family 为句子主语，谓语是has been transformed；During the past generation和by economic risk and new realities 为状语；that 引导一个定语从句，that在从句中做主语，谓语为 could count on， 宾语为hard work and fair play；to keep itself financially secure为状语。 【难点揭秘】主语后接了较长的修饰成份使这个句子在阅读时主干不容易把握。造成理解的困难。 【译文赏析】在过去的20多年时间里，那些曾经依靠辛勤工作和公 4 平竞争就可以保证自己财政收支安全的美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变。（定语从句前置的翻译方法来处理这个句子） 5.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as &steering the economy to a soft landing& or &a touch on the brakes& , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. 【词汇突破】steer 指挥，控制 precise 精确的 【主干识别】Much of the language makes it sound like precise science.主+谓+宾+宾补结构 【其他成分】used to describe monetary policy过去分词短语做后置定语修饰the language；such as “steering the economy to a soft landing ”or “ a touch on the brakes”形容词短语；形容词短语做后置定语修饰the language。 【难点揭秘】主语后接了较长的修饰成份使这个句子在阅读时主干不容易把握。造成理解的困难。 【译文赏析】有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如&操纵经济软着陆&或者&轻踩刹车&，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。（但这些说法是最不靠谱的，事情远 5 非如此用来表示强烈的反对 这与i cann't agree with you more有异曲同工之妙） 【翻译点拨】第二个句子的翻译中可以使用正话反说的方法来进行翻译，在肯定和否定之间进行转换。可以参考下面的两个例子： （1）An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 机会难得。 （2）Such things are of no rare occurrence. 这些事情经常发生。 【】用于批驳对方的时候就可以用：Nothing could be further from the truth. 6.On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. 【词汇突破】agony 痛苦 despair
绝望 prolong 延长 【主干识别】many acknowledge that +宾语从句 （many 作为代词表示很多人，或者很多个体） 【其他成分】On another level 做状语和in the medical community做定语；the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled by the despair of patients为宾语从句主干； 特别提示：fuel本来意思是燃料，但是这里可以理解为由于，因为， 6 加剧的意思； 为了以后阅读理解更透彻，可以直接把结构 A is fueled by B 理解为： A是结果；B是原因 例句： China's success is fueled by the age of globlization. 【微观解析】in part宾语从句中的状语，for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.定语从句修饰 定语从句还原为一个独立的句子就是：Modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them. 这个句子中的them 和前面句子中的patients 为相同名词，因此在这里作者将其写成了一个定语从句，但是在翻译的时候是要分译的。 这句话在定语从句的前世和今生： suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients.
The modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them. (两个句子中出现了共有的名词patients 和 them,于是them 被换成了whom ；for whom 一并提前。) 【难点揭秘】同样是隔离结构在阅读的过程中给我们带来不舒服的感觉，in part 放到了 fueled 和 by 之间，in the medical community放到了many和acknowledge之间。 【译文赏析】在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人士承认，关于医生帮 7 助下的自杀的讨论，部分是因为病人的绝望情绪，对病人来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的生理的痛苦。 【写作】On another level，many in the educational establishment acknowledge that the debate on the ranking of universities
has been fueled in part by the despair of graduates for whom the discrimination brought by the ranking of university has put more obstacles on their job hunting way. 7.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom. 【词汇突破】illustrate 例证； in terms of 根据，以…为依据； 【主干识别】The trend was most obvious and can be illustrated. 主系表结构两个并列的动词 【其他成分】naturally ,in those areas of science , in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom为状语。 【微观解析】based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training修饰状语中的名词science做定语。 【难点揭秘】naturally 和 especially 副词做状语放的位置都不是在开头和结尾，而是放在了中间部分，这样给我们阅读带来一定的困扰， 8 但是难点既亮点，我们在写作的过程中就可以灵活的运用：based especially on这样的表达了。 【译文赏析】很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域中表现的最为明显，并且可以用英国地质学的发展作为例证来说明。 【翻译点拨】把副词放到开头来翻译，正是体现了前面所讲到的副词很多时候就是在修饰整个句子。 8.The report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of &ineffectual and forced medical procedures” that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end--of--life care. 【词汇突破】 under treatment 治疗不足 aggressive 1.侵略的,侵犯的 2.好斗的,挑衅的 3.有进取精神的;有干劲的 4.大胆的 dishonor 使丢脸,使受耻辱 medical procedures 医疗手段 【主干识别】The report identifies…and…as the twin problems of end--of--life care 主谓宾宾补结构；the under treatment of pain和 the aggressive use of &ineffectual and forced medical procedures” that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying 为并列的宾语成分。 【微观解析】that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying为 9 定语从句修饰ineffectual and forced medical procedures，定语从句中有两个并列的动词prolong and dishonor做谓语。 【难点揭秘】这个句子的困难之处就在于并列宾语的后半部分加上了一个定语从句进而使identify 和as 之间的距离拉大，产生了阅读障碍。 【译文赏析】把对疼痛处理不够和大胆使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不体面的无效的和强制的医疗手段确定为临终关怀的两个问题。 报告确定了临终关怀的两个问题，一是对疼痛处理不够，二是大胆的使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不体面的那些无效和强制的医疗手段。 【翻译点拨】这个句子的翻译主要考察对于词的理解： dishonor the period of dying 直接翻译就是:使死亡的阶段受到耻辱。可以转译为：让病人死的不体面。中文是习惯是以人为主体的。还有就是medical procedures 表示医疗手段而不要翻译成医疗过程。 9. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. 【词汇突破】inspired 有激发性的 establishment 机构，建立 10 nonetheless 但是 case 事实,实情 【主干识别】The notion would seem merely silly. 主系表结构 【其他成分】that learning should have in it an element of inspired play 同位语从句修饰notion；主干为that learning should have an element of inspired play，是主谓结构；in it 为状语。to the greater part of the academic establishment状语。 【难点揭秘】这个句子的难点就是在主干中加入了状语和同位语从句使句子结构变得复杂。很多同学会对but 和 nonetheless 连用感到困惑。两个句子之间是需要连词连接的，but是连词，起连接两个句子的作用。 但是两个句子之间的转折关系并不是像but所表达的那样强烈，前后两句之间为“部分肯定”的转折关系，因此使用nonetheless 转折副词，表明转折的意味并不强烈。这里的but也可以换为and。 【译文赏析】大多数的学术机构认为在学习中加入有启发性玩耍的理念是非常愚蠢的，但是这样的事情确实常常发生的。 【翻译点拨】】把状语翻译为中文中的主谓结构，我们也可以翻译为：“对于大多数的学术机构而言”，但是翻译为中文的主谓结构更简洁，that is the case 如果翻译为这就是事实，没有能表达出准确的句意。就正如迈克尔杰克逊的纪念电影this is it 我们翻译为:就是这样。 11 10.
An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students& career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform. 【词汇突破】argue for
支持 argue against 反对 on the behalf of = on behalf of 代表 career prospects 就业前景 radical 彻底的，根本的，激进的 【主干识别】An invisible border divides those and those. 主谓宾结构 【其他成分】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects 和arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform 现在分词短语分别修饰两个those 作后置定语。 【微观解析】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects相当于who argue for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects 【难点揭秘】divide those …and those…在两个those后面加上了很长的修饰成分造成了结构识别的困难。 【译文赏析】一条无形的界限将支持计算机进课堂的人分为两类：一类人是从学生的职业前景从发思考的，另一类人想的是像教育的彻底改革这样的一些更广泛的理由。 12 【翻译点拨】在翻译的过程中，我们把arguing for computers in the classroom放到了those 前作汉语中的前置定语再把过长的定语部分单独成句，这样更符合中文的表达习惯。） 11. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. 【词汇突破】the treasury secretary 财政部长（美） anecdote 轶闻，趣闻 statistics 数据（还有一个我们不熟悉的意思：表格）
picture 情况，事态，局面，状况，情形，形势 【主干识别】There is a disjunction. 【其他成分】as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says 插入语；between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics后置定语修饰a disjunction. 【微观解析】between the mass of business anec 为定语的主体部分；that points to a leap in productivity修饰anecdote；reflected by the statistics修饰statistics。 【难点揭秘】由于插入语的加入，造成了对主干是别的难度，尤其是在between… and…结构的识别中由于加入了定语从句使其难于理解。
13 【译文赏析】正如财长鲁宾所说，在表明生产力飞跃发展的商业佚事和数据所反映的情况之间存在着脱节。 【翻译点拨】也可以把比较长的那个部分单独翻译，这样更符合中文的习惯：有大量表明生产力飞跃发展的商业佚事，但是财长罗伯特.鲁宾认为现实的数据表明的情况并不能支持这些传奇。 12.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. 【词汇突破】estimate 估量，评估 not…but 不是……而是…… 【主干识别】Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass but changes. 【其他成分】括号中的内容对biomass进行解释和说明；of species和in particular parts of the ocean做后置定语修饰biomass， in that biomass over time后置定语修饰changes； 【难点揭秘】estimate的宾语为the actual biomass 和changes的并列，并列连词为but , 在阅读的过程中往往会由于长定语的分割而产生阅读的障碍； 【译文赏析】他们的研究方法并不是想估计出某些特定地区鱼类的实际生物量（活的生物总量），而是估计出这些生物量随着时间发生的 14 变化。 【翻译点拨】多个定语在修饰着changes因此顺序应该做符合中文习惯的调整。 13. One leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. 【词汇突破】authority 权威 harness 使……停止的意思；和stop 可以互换但是更加正式的表达；还有一个单词是curb，这个单词表示控制的意思相当于control，原意是缰绳的意思，这个单词为考研高频词。 conscious 有意识的 intensely powerful mental event在原文中就等于 【主干识别】one leading authority says that+宾语从句； 【其他成分】宾语从句的主干是these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought und 并列连词not only …but also…连接两个并列的动词harnessed 和 brought；to help us sleep and feel better 为目的状语 【难点揭秘】动词的并列造成识别上的困难。 【译文赏析】而一名顶级权威认为，这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制，实际上还可以受到意识的控制，进而帮助我们睡眠，使我 15 们感觉好一些。 14.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for them- selves—goals that pose a real challenge. 【词汇突破】utility 运用 supervision 监管 【主干识别】they will have to operate and be able to make a few decisions. 并列的两个谓语由and 连接； 【其他成分】But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility状语；with less human supervision状语；at least状语；goals that pose a real challenge整个句子的同位语。 【微观解析】同位语goals 被定语从句修饰； 【难点揭秘】动词的并列，状语的隔离；同位语的识别需要关注。 【译文赏析】但是如果机器人能在下一个阶段达到节省人工的运用，它们将必须在更少的人力监督之下工作，而且还要至少能够自己做出几个决定--这些目标才会带来真的挑战。 【翻译点拨】对于the next stage of laborsaving utility的处理，如果直译就是：如果机器人要达到节省人工的运用的下一个阶段在，这样的表达不仅拗口而且难懂，就是典型的死译，所以把定语转译为状语。 16 15. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 【词汇突破】glimpse 快速的看一眼； disregard 抛弃，丢弃 irrelevant 不相干 instantaneously 立即 winding 蜿蜒曲折的 suspicious 可疑的 【主干识别】the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent并列的两个动词glimpse和disregard 【其他成分】that is irrelevant 修饰 the 98 focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 现在分词短语作状语，focus 的动作发出者就是句子主语human mind。 【微观解析】the monkey or the single suspicious face 为focus on 的并列宾语 【难点揭秘】动词的并列在主句中出现；而在现在分词短语中出现并列宾语； 17 【译文赏析】但是人类的大脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立刻放弃98％的不相关信息，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。 16.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. 【词汇突破】reveal 揭露 constitutes 包含 primacy 重要性，首要地位 【主干识别】A comparison reveals not…but…主谓宾结构 【其他成分】of British geological publications定语修饰comparison, over the last century and a half定语修饰publications，an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research宾语，a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper并列宾语 【微观解析】an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research其中on the primacy of research修饰 research修饰 what 引导一个宾语从句作of 的宾语，what为宾语从句中的主语。 【难点揭秘】出现并列的宾语并且在宾语中的定语又出现一个宾语从 18 句，这样就增加了句子的复杂性，并且在句中出现了好几个动态名词。 【译文赏析】将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物做一下比较，(我们)就会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研论文所包含的内容的定义也有所变化。 【翻译点拨】在这个句中有两个动态名词一个是comparison，还有一个为emphasis，其中还有一个动态形容词changing；在翻译的处理上都翻译为动词，并增加概说的主语“我们”。 17. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. 【词汇突破】M&A 为mergers and acquisitions 的缩写表示合并和兼并的意思为经济术语。 underlie 构成…的基础；导致…发生。例如：The social problems underlying these crises remain unsolved.（引起这些危机的问题尚未解决。） trade and investment barriers 贸易和投资壁垒 globalization process 全球化进程(可以作为写作词汇使用) 【主干识别】I believe that+宾语从句 19 【其他成分】the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same 为宾语从句主干；that underlie the globalization process为定语从句；“：”后为对forces的解释； 【微观解析】三种力量的并列为falling transportation and communication costs,以及lower trade and investment barriers 和 enlarged markets后面接一个定语从句 that require enlarged operations和后置定语形容词短语：capable of meeting customers demands 【难点揭秘】并列的三种力量，由于修饰语比较长和并列连词较多使其解析较难； 【译文赏析】我认为巨大的并购浪潮背后的最重要的推动力和促进全球化进程的力量是一样的：即降低交通运输成本，逐渐减少贸易投资壁垒，以及为能满足消费者需求而大幅度拓展得市场。 18. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. 【词汇突破】auditors 审计人员 distract 分散注意力 【主干识别】It is entirely reasonable to believe that +宾语从句. 形式主语从句 20 【其他成分】for auditors 状语；scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.宾语从句。 【微观解析】scientists should not be distracted 宾语从句主干；who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there 定语从句修饰scientist；where they are going and how they will get there定语从句中know的宾语从句；by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.状语；of keeping one eye on the cash register修饰the necessity 作定语。while the other eye is on the microscope状语修饰keeping。 【难点揭秘】主语从句中出现定语从句，定语从句中出现并列的宾语这样隔离的障碍就更为显著了。 【译文赏析】审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，另一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。 【翻译点拨】by短语在句子中是充当状语，翻译为原因，where they are going and how they will get there处理为知道做什么，知道怎么做，这样的表达符合中文的习惯。如果直接翻译为：知道他们要去哪里和怎么去，就是对于字面含义的翻译。属于死译。 21 19. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Sou the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three- the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. 【词汇突破】hypocritical 虚伪的； spectacles 景象 ample 充足的 radical 激进的，根本的 journalist 记者，新闻工作者 advocate 支持 participatory democracy 参与制民主 enrolled in 注册入学，入伍 【主干识别】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 主谓结构的被动态 【其他成分】 which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定语从句修饰spectacles；“：”之后列出三种虚伪的景象的代表，举例说明。 【微观解析】定语从句还原为一个完整的句子：The spectacles now more than ever seem in ample supply.其主干为：The spectacles seem in ample supply；now more than ever为状语。代表人物一 the critic of
22 American materialism（美国物质主义的批评者） with a Sou（其拥有南安普顿的避暑山庄）；代表人物二 the publisher of radical books（激进书刊的出版者）who takes his meals in three-star restaurants，定语从句讲他们却在三星级酒店就餐（因为激进主义者往往是最求极简的）；代表人物三 the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life（支持在的各个阶段推崇参与制民主的记者）whose own children are enrolled in private schools定语从句讲他们自己的孩子却在私立学校上学（私立学校的教育是精英制的，而参与制民主是需要和大众贴近的）。 【难点揭秘】冒号后并列的三个部分就是三个名词后面接上比较长的定语修饰，这样就造成了阅读的困难； 【译文赏析】相反，我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更多见：批判美国式物质主义的人却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐；倡导在人生各个阶段实施参与式民主的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。 【翻译点拨】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles如果直接翻译那就是：我们被招待了很好的虚伪景象；这样的说法并不符合中文的习惯，中文是多主动，英语多被动，因此句子转译为：我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象fine 处理为非常。 23 20.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, &Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.& 【词汇突破】explanatory 解释性的 upsetting 不安 consists of 包含 【主干识别】 it is a little upsetting to read that+宾语从句and then to find that+宾语从句；形式主语句，句子主语为 to read and to find.在主语中带有两个动词不定式中的宾语从句； 【其他成分】 in the explanatory notes 状语；a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge宾语从句主干；off which they both fall into the river起连接句子作用的定语从句；the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers宾语从句主干；&Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.&是Line的同位语。 【微观解析】off which they both fall into the river还原为一个句子就是：they both fall into the river off the bridge. 【难点揭秘】主语是两个并列的成分识别并列主语是一大难点； 【译文赏析】但当我们先是从解释性注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上格斗并双双掉进河里，而后又发 24 现该行诗中只充斥着&扑通，扑通，185公斤重&这类对他们落水时的声音以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。 【翻译点拨】先把两个比较长的主语单独译成两个句子，再翻译剩下的部分，打破英语中的句子限定，单独成句是很重要的翻译技巧，简单讲就是哪个部分太长就尽量的单独翻译。 21. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. 【词汇突破】interactivity 互动性 hospitality 友好性 security 安全性 【主干识别】The examples show that…+宾语从句；主谓宾结构 【其他成分】of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers作example的同位语；我们把其看作为：A of B 的结构，A为上义词， B 为下义词，这样在翻译的处理中我们不需要生硬的翻译为“??的例子”；a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.宾语从句 【微观解析】 selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security现在分词短语修饰 宾 25 语从句主干为：a Web site will attract online customers. 【难点揭秘】由于出现并列使得主语和谓语之间出现了较长的修饰，产生隔离，在宾语从句的后置定语中也出现并列产生隔离，这样了产生了隔离。 【译文赏析】像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon．com这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、服务性和安全性合理结合，且销售正确产品的网站是可以吸引来网上客户的。 【翻译点拨】宾语从句单独成句; 在翻译example of…的时候翻译为“像??”。 1、This success,coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. 2、It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 3、Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters,whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. 26 4、During the past generation,the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. 1、这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道，记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。 2、构思物体和找出数字模型的能力是如何让一个人去回答那些连最好的诗人和哲学家都回避的问题的，这点我们还不是很清楚。 3、任何一个参加过SAT考试的人都会证实考试的技巧也很重要，无论这种技巧是知道什么时候去猜还是知道什么问题应该跳过。 4、在过去的20多年时间里，那些曾经依靠辛勤工作和公平竞争就可以保证自己财政收支安全的美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变。 5、Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such as &steering the economy to a soft landing&or&a touch on the brakes&,makes it sound like a precise science.Nothing could be further from the truth.
27 6、According to their latest paper published in Nature,the biomass of large predators(animals that kill and eat other animals)in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. 7、Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. 8、On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueld in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. 5、有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如“操纵经济软着陆”或者“轻踩刹车”，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了（但这些说法是最不靠谱的）。 6、根据他们在《自然》杂志上发表的最新论文，一个新的渔场大型捕食者数量（杀死并吃掉其他动物的动物）在开发的头15年平均减少80%。 7、有些鱼因此可能会逃过一劫，因为那时没有用带诱饵的鱼钩抓它 28 们，这样就低估了过去的鱼的储量。 8、在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人士承认，关于医生帮助下的自杀的讨论部分是因为病人的绝望情绪，对病人来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的身体痛苦。 9、The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training,and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom. 10、The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that,if oil prices averaged$22 a barrel for a full year ,compared with $13 in 1998,this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. 11、The report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of &ineffectual and forced medical procedures&that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end-of-life care. 12、The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play
29 would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly,but that is nonetheless the case. 9、很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域中表现的最为明显，并且可以用英国地质学发展作为例证来说明。 10、经济与社会发展组织在其最新的《经济瞭望》杂志上估算到，即使和1998年的13美元每桶的油价相比，全年的油价平均达到了22美元每桶，这也只会使发达国家在进口石油方面多花占其GDP收入0.25-0.5%的开销。 11、报告把对疼痛处理不够和大胆使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不体面的无效的和强制的医疗手段确定为临终关怀的两个问题。 12、大多数的学术机构认为在学习中加入有启发性玩耍的理念是非常愚蠢的，但是这样的事情确实常常发生的。 13、The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of agricultual use that the regrowth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for
30 &virgin&forest. 14、An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform. 15、There is ,as Robert Rubin ,the treasury secretary ,says,a &disjunction&between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. 16、Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter)of fish species in particular parts of the ocean ,but rather changes in that biomass over time. 13、有理论认为很大一部分亚马逊流域从过去的农业耕作中如此完美的恢复了过来，以至于那些重新生长的部分被好几代生物学家都错误的认为是原始森林。这些发现进一步的证明了这一理论。 14、一条无形的界限将支持计算机进课堂的人分为两类：一类人是从学生的职业前景出发思考的，另一类人想的是像教育的彻底改革这样的一些更广泛的理由。 31 15、正如财长鲁宾所说，在表明生产力飞跃发展的商业佚事和数据所反映的情况之间存在着脱节。 16、他们的研究方法并不是想估计出某些特定地区的实际生物量（活的生物总量），而是估计出这些生物量随着时间发生的变化。 17、Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this:artists' only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. 18、And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better. 19、But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves--goals that pose a real challenge. 20、But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant ,instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single
32 suspicious face in a big crowd. 17、许多事情让人们认为艺术家是古怪之人，而最古怪的也许是：艺术家唯一工作就是研究感情，而他们还往往选择研究那些感觉不好的感情。 18、而一名顶级权威认为，这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制，实际上还可以受到意识的控制，进而帮助我们睡眠，使我们感觉好一些。 19、但是如果机器人能在下一个阶段达到节身人工的运用，它们将必须在更少得人力监督下工作，而且还要至少能够自己作出几个决定——这些目标才会带来真的挑战。 20、但是人类的大脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立刻放弃98%的不相关信息，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。 21、A comparinson of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research,but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. 33 22、I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process:falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. 21、将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物作一下比较，（我们）就会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研论文所包含的内容的定义也有所变化。 22、我认为巨大的并购浪潮背后的最重要的推动力和促进全球化进程的力量是一样的：即降低交通运输成本，逐渐减少贸易投资壁垒，以及为能满足消费者需求而大幅度拓展的市场。 23、It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. 34 24、Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles ,which now more than ever seem in ample supply:the critic of American materialism with a Southe publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-the jounalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools. 25、But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river-and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers,&Pluff!Pluff!A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.& 26、The example of Virtual Vineyards,Amazon.com ,and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity,hospitality,and security will attract online customers. 23、审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，另一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。 35 24、相反，我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更多见：批判美国式物质主义的人却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄；激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐；倡导在人生各个阶段实施参与式民主的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。 25、但当我们先是从解释性注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上格斗并双双掉进河里，而后又发现该行诗中只充斥着“扑通，扑通，185公斤重”这类对他们落水时的声音以以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。 26、像Virtual Vineyards,Amazon.com这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、服务性和安全性合理结合，且销售正确产品的网站是可以吸引来网上客户的。 27、They gather all the data they can ,not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. 28、During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders meeting,Levin asserted that &music is not the cause if society's ills&and even cited his son,a teacher in the Bronx,New York,who uses rap to communicate with students. 36 29、Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of &double effect&,a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. 30、There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracy--far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 27、他们及其所能收集了一切数据，这些数据不仅包括表现数据和生物信息，而且也包括了那些取得了表现优异者在实验室实验中的实验结果。 28、在上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说：“音乐不是社会问题的原因”，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，他儿子正在用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。 29、尽管最高法院已经裁定出医生帮助下的自杀行为并不受宪法的支 37 持，但最高法院实际上支持了被称为“双重效果”的医疗原则；这个已有几个世纪的道德原则认为一个行为可能会有两个效果—一个想要达到的好的效果和一个已经预见到的有害的效果。如果行为的实施者想要的只是要好的效果的话，这个行为是被允许的。 30、现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手术--这要比技巧高超的医生单单用手精确得多。 31、The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs,a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing,first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century. 32、At the same time ,the American Law Institute--a group of judges,lawyers,and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. 33、Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly
38 increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class,an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the dutiand almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. 34、Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge,components also critical to problem solving and life success. 31、这样一来总的结果便是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊上发表文章就更难了，而被广泛使用的论审推荐制度又进一步强化了这一结果，该种制度先被19世纪的国家级刊物引入，后又在20世纪，又被几家地方级地质学刊物所使用。 32、与此同时，美国法律协会，由一群法官、律师和专家学者组成的组织，他们的建议分量极重，发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提醒他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。 33、这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，他们是国家生活中代表不负责任的 39 财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。 34、斯顿伯格指出传统的测试能最好的评估出解析能力和语言能力而不能衡量一个人的创造性和实际能力，而这些都是对于解决问题和成功人生而言极其重要的因素。 35、But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future ,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. 36、They should be quick to respond to letters to editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. 37、It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location,title,and salary,then E-mail them when a matching position is posted in the database. 40 38、If the journalism did notice the essence of this issue ,it would open up its diversity program,now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class. 35、但是科学确实能提供对于未来的最好的指导，对于现在的行为之于未来的结果，科学能提供最好的评判，我们的国家和世界应该把重要的政策基于这种判断之上，这一点非常重要。 36、他们应该迅速回复给编辑的来信（读者来信），以免动物权利的错误信息不受质疑（大行其道）、并且披上貌似真理的骗人外衣。 37、正是这种交互式的特征使得访客可以键入自己的求职要求，比如地点、职务和薪水，当数据库里张贴出相应的职位时这种互动性的特征又可以给访问者发送电子邮件通知他们。 38、如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目，这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，新闻界应该进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层都大相径庭的各种记者。 39、Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level fingdings about factual errors and spelling and grammer mistakes,combined with
41 lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. 40、New ways of organizing the workplace-all that reengineering and downsizing-are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy,which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery,new technology,and investment in education and training. 41、President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model,with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. 42、It's all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor(with a beard)and did his share of noise-making. 39、遗憾的说，这个项目最终被证明是一个很低级的研究，它着眼于错误的事实和拼写以及语法的问题，还有很多关于读者究竟想要什么的困惑。 42 40、厂房布置的新方法—所有那些重新设计、缩小规模的做法—只是影响对一个经济体的整体生产力的一个因素，整体的生产力还受许多其他因素的影响，比如结合设备和机械上的投资、新技术，以及在教育和培训上的投资。 41、布什总统致力于将社会保障转变为账户储蓄模式，在这个模式里，退休人员将用他们大量甚至是全部的有保障的收入换来依靠于投资回报的收入。 42、想想给他们带来生机的莎士比亚本人就是一个演员（而且留胡子），他也是这些噪音的一部分，你就会觉得这一切颇具讽刺意味。 43、To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. 44、I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of &juggling your life&,and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. 43 43、有一些人他们不知道动物研究对于这些治疗方法和一些新的治疗方法以及疫苗而言是必须的，对于他们来讲，动物研究说的最好听是浪费，说得最难听是残忍。 44、我已经发现，放弃那种“为生活忙碌”的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。或许凯尔西因不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《女友》杂志社的编辑一职之后也会发现。 45、Last year Mitsuo Setoyama,who was then education minister,raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World Wartwo had weakened the &Japanese morality of respect for parents&. 去年，时任教育部长濑户光夫争辩说二战后由美国占领当局引入的自由主义革新削弱了日本民族“尊敬父母的道德品质”的时候，舆论一片哗然。 46、When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion ,it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at,for,however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today,it is possible that in years to
44 come they may be regarded as normal. 当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时，最好应该弄清这场运动倡导者的真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理，很可能多年以后他们的理论会被视为正常。 47、With regard to Futurist poetry,however,the case is rather difficult,for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--it can be hardly be classed as Literature. 然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么—就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的—这种形式也很难被归入文学。 48、Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans,he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment--although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. 他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验—尽管还没有人建议这么做—他还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得。夏皮罗为主席的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
45 49、Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising ,no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. 除去议会用来规范广告的第27条法案的限制之外，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种不符合其广告承诺的商品。 50、The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. 意思就是说人们没有发现海里发生的巨大变化，因为他们只看了过去相对较短的一段时间。 51、One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that ,unlike the rises in the 1970s,it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. 另外一个不因油价上涨而失眠的原因是，这次涨价不像70年代的那些次上涨，它并不是在普通的商品价格暴涨和全球需求过旺的背景之下发生的。 52、This ,for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to
46 discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. 对于那些还不了解这种危害的人来说，它指的是对姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部分的人的歧视。 53、From the beginning of our history,says Hofstadter ,our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Hofstadter说，从我们的历史一开始，我们对于民主化和大众化的渴求就迫使我们拒绝一切带有精英主义色彩的东西。 54、The true enemies of science,argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University,a pioneer of environmental studies,are those who question the evidence supporting global warming,the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. 环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗。厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提出质疑的人。 55、“The test of any democratic society”,he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column,&lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible
latitude,however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be...&
47 “对任何一个民主社会的考验”，他在《华尔街日报》的一个专栏文章中写道，“不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于这个社会是否能给予思考和表达的尽可能广泛的自由，不管有时候这种结果是多么的富有争议或令人不快”。 56、The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle,observes a French sociologist,is part of the &irresistible momentum of individualism&over the last century. 一个法国社会学家观察到，从家庭生活到独居生活的转变是过去一个世纪以来“不可抗拒的独立主义动力”的一个部分。 57、The railroad industry as a whole,despite its brightening fortuning fortunes,still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. 就铁路工业整体而言，尽管拥有大好形势，但它的收入仍旧不可以与资本的消耗相平衡，而这些资本则是为了满足庞大的交通体系而必须的。 58、The grand mediocrity of today--everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring--means that natural selection has lost 80% of its
48 power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe. 当今人与人在很大的程度上的平等——即面对自然淘汰法则人人机会均等，并且连子嗣的数目都一样——这意味着和印度土著部落的情况相比，自然选择在印度中上层阶级中已丧失了80%的作用。 59、But,for a small group of students,professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills ,all other factors being equal,can be the difference between having a job and not. 但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。 60、While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions,for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations ,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而（我们）并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告其实是在使生产者和销售者的责任得以豁免。 61、This development--and its strong implication for US politics and
49 economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting. 这种发展——以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强有力的影响——使得南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最密集的地区。 62、For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80's ,down-shifting in the mid90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life--growing your own organic vegetables,and risking turning into a simpler,less materialistic lifestyle--as a personal recognition of your limitations. 对于我这一代曾在整个80年代为生活奔波的女人来说，90年代中期出现的归隐恬退与其说是我们寻求一种神话般的美好生活（用有机肥种植蔬菜，并且冒险去过一种更加简单和更少物质的生活方式），不如说是我们清醒地认识到自身能力是有限的。 63、A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man. 正像一个没有灵魂的躯体不称其为人，一个没有爱的家庭不称其为家庭。 50 64、Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. 1980的人口普查数据表明远西地区是对宽敞住宿条件需求最高的地区。 65、Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly:summer homes,European travel,BMWs--the locations,place names and name brands may change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. 当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。消夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车——地点、地名以及品牌或许会变化，但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于一二十年前。 66、Surely there is no more commanding moral imperative for people in the west than to urge each other,and their governments,to bring relief to the world's poorest. 毫无疑问，对西方人来说，没有什么道德标准要比相互督促和督促国家给世界上最穷困的地区带来救助更重要的了。 （或：毫无疑问，对西方人来说相互督促和督促国家给世界上最穷困的地区带去救助是最重要的道德原则。） 51 52
本文★★网址：http://www.xielw.cn/yuedu/64610.html
好文大家读
上一篇文章：
下一篇文章：
Copyright &
All Rights Reserved.《》}
who和whom有什么区别啊。是不是介词后面不能用who？
who和whom有什么区别啊。是不是介词后面不能用who？。。。。急急急
我有更好的答案
从理论上说，who 为主格，whom为宾格：Where’s the girl who sells the tickets? 卖票的女孩在哪里？The author whom you criticized in your view has written a letter in reply. 你在评论中批评的那个作者已写了一封回信。但实际上，除非在正式文体中，宾格关系代词 whom 往往省略不用，或用who或that代之：thatThe man (that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim. 你刚遇见的那个人叫吉姆。 不过，以下几种情况值得注意：(1) 直接跟在介词后面作宾语时，只能用 whom，而且不能省略：She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 她带了3个朋友来，我以前都没见过。(2) 引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时，who 引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时和 whom均可用，但以用 whom 为佳，此时也不能省略： This is Jack, whom [who] you haven’t met before. 这是杰克，你以前没见过。
Who是主格,Whom是宾格,除引导定语从句用介词+Whom不用Who,大多数情况下Who包含Whom,主格只用Who,宾格Who,Whom都可用.
whom只能做宾语，就是在介词后 who既可以主语
也可以宾语
为您推荐：
其他类似问题
您可能关注的内容
介词的相关知识
换一换
回答问题，赢新手礼包
个人、企业类
违法有害信息,请在下方选择后提交
色情、暴力
我们会通过消息、邮箱等方式尽快将举报结果通知您。长难句句子诵读和互译练习66句(何凯文)-英汉句子互译
您现在的位置：&&>>&&>>&长难句句子诵读和互译练习66句(何凯文)
长难句句子诵读和互译练习66句(何凯文)来源：&&&&关键词：
1. This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. 词汇突破：cognitive 认知的 （后天习得的） Intuitive
先天的 和以上这组单词概念相同的表达还有： Nature先天；nurture后天；先天的；made 后天的；innate天生的；Acquired后天习得； Determine 决定 Coupled with 相当于and,想类似的表达还有 combined with等。 主干识别：句子的主语是This success和later research ；谓语是 宾语是E 不定式短语to conclude 做状语；主干结构是：this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that … 其他成分：在research后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语，在这个 现在分词短语中that引导的从句做showing 的宾语；在不 定式短语中that引导的从句做conclude的宾语； more…than结构翻译为与其说，不如说。 微观解析：由于主语中的第二个并列成分比较长，且是用两个逗号隔 开的，在阅读的时候可以跳读；把This success和动词led 先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。 1 译文赏析：这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱 立信道，记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说 是一种习得的行为。 2. It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 词汇突破：visualize 想象 Figure out 发现和找出 Suits 使…适合 主干识别：句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句，it是句子的形式主语；句子主干为: How …is not obvious. 在主语从句中主语是capacity，谓语是suits 宾语是 其他成分：状语为to answer…主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定 语； 动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导 的定语从句。 难点揭秘：这个句子是一个由形式主语it引导的主语从句，其中难点为需要识别出主语从句中的动词suits. 译文赏析：构思物体和找出数字模型的能力是如何让一个人去回答那 些连最好的诗人和哲学家都回避的问题的，这点我们还不 是很清楚。 2 3．Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. 【词汇突破】Toil through (辛苦的经历) 名词：Winston Churchill: &Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat”(丘吉尔) sweat and toil （汗水和辛苦） He succeeded after years of toil. (他经历数年的辛 劳之后成功了) SAT 美国高考 全称为scholastic assessment test 学术性评估测试 testify 证实 matter 这里是动词，重要；sth matters 事情很重要； 【主干识别】anyone 为句子的主语，will testify 为句子谓语，that引导一个宾语从句； 【其他成分】that 引导的宾语从句中test-taking skill 为主语，matters 做谓语，whether 引导一个状语从句 【译文赏析】任何一个曾经辛苦的经历过SAT考试的人都会证实考试的技巧也很重要，无论这种技巧是知道什么时候去猜还是知道什么问题应该跳过。 3 【】Anyone who has achieved the success to any extent will testify that cooperation matters, whether it’s individual’s willingness to cooperate or team work spirit of a group. 4. During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. 【词汇突破】count on 依靠； fair play 公平竞争 【主干识别】the American middle-class family has been transformed主干是主谓结构被动态； 【其他成分】that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure 定语从句修饰middle-class family ；During the past generation和by economic risk and new realities 做状语； 【微观解析】the American middle-class family 为句子主语，谓语是has been transformed；During the past generation和by economic risk and new realities 为状语；that 引导一个定语从句，that在从句中做主语，谓语为 could count on， 宾语为hard work and fair play；to keep itself financially secure为状语。 【难点揭秘】主语后接了较长的修饰成份使这个句子在阅读时主干不容易把握。造成理解的困难。 【译文赏析】在过去的20多年时间里，那些曾经依靠辛勤工作和公 4 平竞争就可以保证自己财政收支安全的美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变。（定语从句前置的翻译方法来处理这个句子） 5.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as &steering the economy to a soft landing& or &a touch on the brakes& , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. 【词汇突破】steer 指挥，控制 precise 精确的 【主干识别】Much of the language makes it sound like precise science.主+谓+宾+宾补结构 【其他成分】used to describe monetary policy过去分词短语做后置定语修饰the language；such as “steering the economy to a soft landing ”or “ a touch on the brakes”形容词短语；形容词短语做后置定语修饰the language。 【难点揭秘】主语后接了较长的修饰成份使这个句子在阅读时主干不容易把握。造成理解的困难。 【译文赏析】有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如&操纵经济软着陆&或者&轻踩刹车&，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。（但这些说法是最不靠谱的，事情远 5 非如此用来表示强烈的反对 这与i cann't agree with you more有异曲同工之妙） 【翻译点拨】第二个句子的翻译中可以使用正话反说的方法来进行翻译，在肯定和否定之间进行转换。可以参考下面的两个例子： （1）An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 机会难得。 （2）Such things are of no rare occurrence. 这些事情经常发生。 【】用于批驳对方的时候就可以用：Nothing could be further from the truth. 6.On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. 【词汇突破】agony 痛苦 despair
绝望 prolong 延长 【主干识别】many acknowledge that +宾语从句 （many 作为代词表示很多人，或者很多个体） 【其他成分】On another level 做状语和in the medical community做定语；the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled by the despair of patients为宾语从句主干； 特别提示：fuel本来意思是燃料，但是这里可以理解为由于，因为， 6 加剧的意思； 为了以后阅读理解更透彻，可以直接把结构 A is fueled by B 理解为： A是结果；B是原因 例句： China's success is fueled by the age of globlization. 【微观解析】in part宾语从句中的状语，for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.定语从句修饰 定语从句还原为一个独立的句子就是：Modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them. 这个句子中的them 和前面句子中的patients 为相同名词，因此在这里作者将其写成了一个定语从句，但是在翻译的时候是要分译的。 这句话在定语从句的前世和今生： suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients.
The modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them. (两个句子中出现了共有的名词patients 和 them,于是them 被换成了whom ；for whom 一并提前。) 【难点揭秘】同样是隔离结构在阅读的过程中给我们带来不舒服的感觉，in part 放到了 fueled 和 by 之间，in the medical community放到了many和acknowledge之间。 【译文赏析】在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人士承认，关于医生帮 7 助下的自杀的讨论，部分是因为病人的绝望情绪，对病人来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的生理的痛苦。 【写作】On another level，many in the educational establishment acknowledge that the debate on the ranking of universities
has been fueled in part by the despair of graduates for whom the discrimination brought by the ranking of university has put more obstacles on their job hunting way. 7.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom. 【词汇突破】illustrate 例证； in terms of 根据，以…为依据； 【主干识别】The trend was most obvious and can be illustrated. 主系表结构两个并列的动词 【其他成分】naturally ,in those areas of science , in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom为状语。 【微观解析】based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training修饰状语中的名词science做定语。 【难点揭秘】naturally 和 especially 副词做状语放的位置都不是在开头和结尾，而是放在了中间部分，这样给我们阅读带来一定的困扰， 8 但是难点既亮点，我们在写作的过程中就可以灵活的运用：based especially on这样的表达了。 【译文赏析】很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域中表现的最为明显，并且可以用英国地质学的发展作为例证来说明。 【翻译点拨】把副词放到开头来翻译，正是体现了前面所讲到的副词很多时候就是在修饰整个句子。 8.The report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of &ineffectual and forced medical procedures” that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end--of--life care. 【词汇突破】 under treatment 治疗不足 aggressive 1.侵略的,侵犯的 2.好斗的,挑衅的 3.有进取精神的;有干劲的 4.大胆的 dishonor 使丢脸,使受耻辱 medical procedures 医疗手段 【主干识别】The report identifies…and…as the twin problems of end--of--life care 主谓宾宾补结构；the under treatment of pain和 the aggressive use of &ineffectual and forced medical procedures” that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying 为并列的宾语成分。 【微观解析】that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying为 9 定语从句修饰ineffectual and forced medical procedures，定语从句中有两个并列的动词prolong and dishonor做谓语。 【难点揭秘】这个句子的困难之处就在于并列宾语的后半部分加上了一个定语从句进而使identify 和as 之间的距离拉大，产生了阅读障碍。 【译文赏析】把对疼痛处理不够和大胆使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不体面的无效的和强制的医疗手段确定为临终关怀的两个问题。 报告确定了临终关怀的两个问题，一是对疼痛处理不够，二是大胆的使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不体面的那些无效和强制的医疗手段。 【翻译点拨】这个句子的翻译主要考察对于词的理解： dishonor the period of dying 直接翻译就是:使死亡的阶段受到耻辱。可以转译为：让病人死的不体面。中文是习惯是以人为主体的。还有就是medical procedures 表示医疗手段而不要翻译成医疗过程。 9. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. 【词汇突破】inspired 有激发性的 establishment 机构，建立 10 nonetheless 但是 case 事实,实情 【主干识别】The notion would seem merely silly. 主系表结构 【其他成分】that learning should have in it an element of inspired play 同位语从句修饰notion；主干为that learning should have an element of inspired play，是主谓结构；in it 为状语。to the greater part of the academic establishment状语。 【难点揭秘】这个句子的难点就是在主干中加入了状语和同位语从句使句子结构变得复杂。很多同学会对but 和 nonetheless 连用感到困惑。两个句子之间是需要连词连接的，but是连词，起连接两个句子的作用。 但是两个句子之间的转折关系并不是像but所表达的那样强烈，前后两句之间为“部分肯定”的转折关系，因此使用nonetheless 转折副词，表明转折的意味并不强烈。这里的but也可以换为and。 【译文赏析】大多数的学术机构认为在学习中加入有启发性玩耍的理念是非常愚蠢的，但是这样的事情确实常常发生的。 【翻译点拨】】把状语翻译为中文中的主谓结构，我们也可以翻译为：“对于大多数的学术机构而言”，但是翻译为中文的主谓结构更简洁，that is the case 如果翻译为这就是事实，没有能表达出准确的句意。就正如迈克尔杰克逊的纪念电影this is it 我们翻译为:就是这样。 11 10.
An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students& career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform. 【词汇突破】argue for
支持 argue against 反对 on the behalf of = on behalf of 代表 career prospects 就业前景 radical 彻底的，根本的，激进的 【主干识别】An invisible border divides those and those. 主谓宾结构 【其他成分】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects 和arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform 现在分词短语分别修饰两个those 作后置定语。 【微观解析】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects相当于who argue for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects 【难点揭秘】divide those …and those…在两个those后面加上了很长的修饰成分造成了结构识别的困难。 【译文赏析】一条无形的界限将支持计算机进课堂的人分为两类：一类人是从学生的职业前景从发思考的，另一类人想的是像教育的彻底改革这样的一些更广泛的理由。 12 【翻译点拨】在翻译的过程中，我们把arguing for computers in the classroom放到了those 前作汉语中的前置定语再把过长的定语部分单独成句，这样更符合中文的表达习惯。） 11. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. 【词汇突破】the treasury secretary 财政部长（美） anecdote 轶闻，趣闻 statistics 数据（还有一个我们不熟悉的意思：表格）
picture 情况，事态，局面，状况，情形，形势 【主干识别】There is a disjunction. 【其他成分】as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says 插入语；between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics后置定语修饰a disjunction. 【微观解析】between the mass of business anec 为定语的主体部分；that points to a leap in productivity修饰anecdote；reflected by the statistics修饰statistics。 【难点揭秘】由于插入语的加入，造成了对主干是别的难度，尤其是在between… and…结构的识别中由于加入了定语从句使其难于理解。
13 【译文赏析】正如财长鲁宾所说，在表明生产力飞跃发展的商业佚事和数据所反映的情况之间存在着脱节。 【翻译点拨】也可以把比较长的那个部分单独翻译，这样更符合中文的习惯：有大量表明生产力飞跃发展的商业佚事，但是财长罗伯特.鲁宾认为现实的数据表明的情况并不能支持这些传奇。 12.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. 【词汇突破】estimate 估量，评估 not…but 不是……而是…… 【主干识别】Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass but changes. 【其他成分】括号中的内容对biomass进行解释和说明；of species和in particular parts of the ocean做后置定语修饰biomass， in that biomass over time后置定语修饰changes； 【难点揭秘】estimate的宾语为the actual biomass 和changes的并列，并列连词为but , 在阅读的过程中往往会由于长定语的分割而产生阅读的障碍； 【译文赏析】他们的研究方法并不是想估计出某些特定地区鱼类的实际生物量（活的生物总量），而是估计出这些生物量随着时间发生的 14 变化。 【翻译点拨】多个定语在修饰着changes因此顺序应该做符合中文习惯的调整。 13. One leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. 【词汇突破】authority 权威 harness 使……停止的意思；和stop 可以互换但是更加正式的表达；还有一个单词是curb，这个单词表示控制的意思相当于control，原意是缰绳的意思，这个单词为考研高频词。 conscious 有意识的 intensely powerful mental event在原文中就等于 【主干识别】one leading authority says that+宾语从句； 【其他成分】宾语从句的主干是these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought und 并列连词not only …but also…连接两个并列的动词harnessed 和 brought；to help us sleep and feel better 为目的状语 【难点揭秘】动词的并列造成识别上的困难。 【译文赏析】而一名顶级权威认为，这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制，实际上还可以受到意识的控制，进而帮助我们睡眠，使我 15 们感觉好一些。 14.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for them- selves—goals that pose a real challenge. 【词汇突破】utility 运用 supervision 监管 【主干识别】they will have to operate and be able to make a few decisions. 并列的两个谓语由and 连接； 【其他成分】But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility状语；with less human supervision状语；at least状语；goals that pose a real challenge整个句子的同位语。 【微观解析】同位语goals 被定语从句修饰； 【难点揭秘】动词的并列，状语的隔离；同位语的识别需要关注。 【译文赏析】但是如果机器人能在下一个阶段达到节省人工的运用，它们将必须在更少的人力监督之下工作，而且还要至少能够自己做出几个决定--这些目标才会带来真的挑战。 【翻译点拨】对于the next stage of laborsaving utility的处理，如果直译就是：如果机器人要达到节省人工的运用的下一个阶段在，这样的表达不仅拗口而且难懂，就是典型的死译，所以把定语转译为状语。 16 15. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 【词汇突破】glimpse 快速的看一眼； disregard 抛弃，丢弃 irrelevant 不相干 instantaneously 立即 winding 蜿蜒曲折的 suspicious 可疑的 【主干识别】the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent并列的两个动词glimpse和disregard 【其他成分】that is irrelevant 修饰 the 98 focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 现在分词短语作状语，focus 的动作发出者就是句子主语human mind。 【微观解析】the monkey or the single suspicious face 为focus on 的并列宾语 【难点揭秘】动词的并列在主句中出现；而在现在分词短语中出现并列宾语； 17 【译文赏析】但是人类的大脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立刻放弃98％的不相关信息，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。 16.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. 【词汇突破】reveal 揭露 constitutes 包含 primacy 重要性，首要地位 【主干识别】A comparison reveals not…but…主谓宾结构 【其他成分】of British geological publications定语修饰comparison, over the last century and a half定语修饰publications，an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research宾语，a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper并列宾语 【微观解析】an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research其中on the primacy of research修饰 research修饰 what 引导一个宾语从句作of 的宾语，what为宾语从句中的主语。 【难点揭秘】出现并列的宾语并且在宾语中的定语又出现一个宾语从 18 句，这样就增加了句子的复杂性，并且在句中出现了好几个动态名词。 【译文赏析】将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物做一下比较，(我们)就会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研论文所包含的内容的定义也有所变化。 【翻译点拨】在这个句中有两个动态名词一个是comparison，还有一个为emphasis，其中还有一个动态形容词changing；在翻译的处理上都翻译为动词，并增加概说的主语“我们”。 17. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. 【词汇突破】M&A 为mergers and acquisitions 的缩写表示合并和兼并的意思为经济术语。 underlie 构成…的基础；导致…发生。例如：The social problems underlying these crises remain unsolved.（引起这些危机的问题尚未解决。） trade and investment barriers 贸易和投资壁垒 globalization process 全球化进程(可以作为写作词汇使用) 【主干识别】I believe that+宾语从句 19 【其他成分】the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same 为宾语从句主干；that underlie the globalization process为定语从句；“：”后为对forces的解释； 【微观解析】三种力量的并列为falling transportation and communication costs,以及lower trade and investment barriers 和 enlarged markets后面接一个定语从句 that require enlarged operations和后置定语形容词短语：capable of meeting customers demands 【难点揭秘】并列的三种力量，由于修饰语比较长和并列连词较多使其解析较难； 【译文赏析】我认为巨大的并购浪潮背后的最重要的推动力和促进全球化进程的力量是一样的：即降低交通运输成本，逐渐减少贸易投资壁垒，以及为能满足消费者需求而大幅度拓展得市场。 18. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. 【词汇突破】auditors 审计人员 distract 分散注意力 【主干识别】It is entirely reasonable to believe that +宾语从句. 形式主语从句 20 【其他成分】for auditors 状语；scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.宾语从句。 【微观解析】scientists should not be distracted 宾语从句主干；who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there 定语从句修饰scientist；where they are going and how they will get there定语从句中know的宾语从句；by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.状语；of keeping one eye on the cash register修饰the necessity 作定语。while the other eye is on the microscope状语修饰keeping。 【难点揭秘】主语从句中出现定语从句，定语从句中出现并列的宾语这样隔离的障碍就更为显著了。 【译文赏析】审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，另一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。 【翻译点拨】by短语在句子中是充当状语，翻译为原因，where they are going and how they will get there处理为知道做什么，知道怎么做，这样的表达符合中文的习惯。如果直接翻译为：知道他们要去哪里和怎么去，就是对于字面含义的翻译。属于死译。 21 19. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Sou the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three- the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. 【词汇突破】hypocritical 虚伪的； spectacles 景象 ample 充足的 radical 激进的，根本的 journalist 记者，新闻工作者 advocate 支持 participatory democracy 参与制民主 enrolled in 注册入学，入伍 【主干识别】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 主谓结构的被动态 【其他成分】 which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定语从句修饰spectacles；“：”之后列出三种虚伪的景象的代表，举例说明。 【微观解析】定语从句还原为一个完整的句子：The spectacles now more than ever seem in ample supply.其主干为：The spectacles seem in ample supply；now more than ever为状语。代表人物一 the critic of
22 American materialism（美国物质主义的批评者） with a Sou（其拥有南安普顿的避暑山庄）；代表人物二 the publisher of radical books（激进书刊的出版者）who takes his meals in three-star restaurants，定语从句讲他们却在三星级酒店就餐（因为激进主义者往往是最求极简的）；代表人物三 the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life（支持在的各个阶段推崇参与制民主的记者）whose own children are enrolled in private schools定语从句讲他们自己的孩子却在私立学校上学（私立学校的教育是精英制的，而参与制民主是需要和大众贴近的）。 【难点揭秘】冒号后并列的三个部分就是三个名词后面接上比较长的定语修饰，这样就造成了阅读的困难； 【译文赏析】相反，我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更多见：批判美国式物质主义的人却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐；倡导在人生各个阶段实施参与式民主的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。 【翻译点拨】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles如果直接翻译那就是：我们被招待了很好的虚伪景象；这样的说法并不符合中文的习惯，中文是多主动，英语多被动，因此句子转译为：我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象fine 处理为非常。 23 20.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, &Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.& 【词汇突破】explanatory 解释性的 upsetting 不安 consists of 包含 【主干识别】 it is a little upsetting to read that+宾语从句and then to find that+宾语从句；形式主语句，句子主语为 to read and to find.在主语中带有两个动词不定式中的宾语从句； 【其他成分】 in the explanatory notes 状语；a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge宾语从句主干；off which they both fall into the river起连接句子作用的定语从句；the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers宾语从句主干；&Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.&是Line的同位语。 【微观解析】off which they both fall into the river还原为一个句子就是：they both fall into the river off the bridge. 【难点揭秘】主语是两个并列的成分识别并列主语是一大难点； 【译文赏析】但当我们先是从解释性注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上格斗并双双掉进河里，而后又发 24 现该行诗中只充斥着&扑通，扑通，185公斤重&这类对他们落水时的声音以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。 【翻译点拨】先把两个比较长的主语单独译成两个句子，再翻译剩下的部分，打破英语中的句子限定，单独成句是很重要的翻译技巧，简单讲就是哪个部分太长就尽量的单独翻译。 21. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. 【词汇突破】interactivity 互动性 hospitality 友好性 security 安全性 【主干识别】The examples show that…+宾语从句；主谓宾结构 【其他成分】of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers作example的同位语；我们把其看作为：A of B 的结构，A为上义词， B 为下义词，这样在翻译的处理中我们不需要生硬的翻译为“??的例子”；a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.宾语从句 【微观解析】 selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security现在分词短语修饰 宾 25 语从句主干为：a Web site will attract online customers. 【难点揭秘】由于出现并列使得主语和谓语之间出现了较长的修饰，产生隔离，在宾语从句的后置定语中也出现并列产生隔离，这样了产生了隔离。 【译文赏析】像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon．com这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、服务性和安全性合理结合，且销售正确产品的网站是可以吸引来网上客户的。 【翻译点拨】宾语从句单独成句; 在翻译example of…的时候翻译为“像??”。 1、This success,coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. 2、It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 3、Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters,whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. 26 4、During the past generation,the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. 1、这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道，记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。 2、构思物体和找出数字模型的能力是如何让一个人去回答那些连最好的诗人和哲学家都回避的问题的，这点我们还不是很清楚。 3、任何一个参加过SAT考试的人都会证实考试的技巧也很重要，无论这种技巧是知道什么时候去猜还是知道什么问题应该跳过。 4、在过去的20多年时间里，那些曾经依靠辛勤工作和公平竞争就可以保证自己财政收支安全的美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变。 5、Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such as &steering the economy to a soft landing&or&a touch on the brakes&,makes it sound like a precise science.Nothing could be further from the truth.
27 6、According to their latest paper published in Nature,the biomass of large predators(animals that kill and eat other animals)in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. 7、Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. 8、On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueld in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. 5、有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如“操纵经济软着陆”或者“轻踩刹车”，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了（但这些说法是最不靠谱的）。 6、根据他们在《自然》杂志上发表的最新论文，一个新的渔场大型捕食者数量（杀死并吃掉其他动物的动物）在开发的头15年平均减少80%。 7、有些鱼因此可能会逃过一劫，因为那时没有用带诱饵的鱼钩抓它 28 们，这样就低估了过去的鱼的储量。 8、在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人士承认，关于医生帮助下的自杀的讨论部分是因为病人的绝望情绪，对病人来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的身体痛苦。 9、The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training,and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom. 10、The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that,if oil prices averaged$22 a barrel for a full year ,compared with $13 in 1998,this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. 11、The report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of &ineffectual and forced medical procedures&that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end-of-life care. 12、The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play
29 would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly,but that is nonetheless the case. 9、很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域中表现的最为明显，并且可以用英国地质学发展作为例证来说明。 10、经济与社会发展组织在其最新的《经济瞭望》杂志上估算到，即使和1998年的13美元每桶的油价相比，全年的油价平均达到了22美元每桶，这也只会使发达国家在进口石油方面多花占其GDP收入0.25-0.5%的开销。 11、报告把对疼痛处理不够和大胆使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不体面的无效的和强制的医疗手段确定为临终关怀的两个问题。 12、大多数的学术机构认为在学习中加入有启发性玩耍的理念是非常愚蠢的，但是这样的事情确实常常发生的。 13、The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of agricultual use that the regrowth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for
30 &virgin&forest. 14、An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform. 15、There is ,as Robert Rubin ,the treasury secretary ,says,a &disjunction&between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics. 16、Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter)of fish species in particular parts of the ocean ,but rather changes in that biomass over time. 13、有理论认为很大一部分亚马逊流域从过去的农业耕作中如此完美的恢复了过来，以至于那些重新生长的部分被好几代生物学家都错误的认为是原始森林。这些发现进一步的证明了这一理论。 14、一条无形的界限将支持计算机进课堂的人分为两类：一类人是从学生的职业前景出发思考的，另一类人想的是像教育的彻底改革这样的一些更广泛的理由。 31 15、正如财长鲁宾所说，在表明生产力飞跃发展的商业佚事和数据所反映的情况之间存在着脱节。 16、他们的研究方法并不是想估计出某些特定地区的实际生物量（活的生物总量），而是估计出这些生物量随着时间发生的变化。 17、Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this:artists' only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. 18、And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better. 19、But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves--goals that pose a real challenge. 20、But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant ,instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single
32 suspicious face in a big crowd. 17、许多事情让人们认为艺术家是古怪之人，而最古怪的也许是：艺术家唯一工作就是研究感情，而他们还往往选择研究那些感觉不好的感情。 18、而一名顶级权威认为，这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制，实际上还可以受到意识的控制，进而帮助我们睡眠，使我们感觉好一些。 19、但是如果机器人能在下一个阶段达到节身人工的运用，它们将必须在更少得人力监督下工作，而且还要至少能够自己作出几个决定——这些目标才会带来真的挑战。 20、但是人类的大脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立刻放弃98%的不相关信息，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。 21、A comparinson of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research,but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. 33 22、I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process:falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. 21、将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物作一下比较，（我们）就会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研论文所包含的内容的定义也有所变化。 22、我认为巨大的并购浪潮背后的最重要的推动力和促进全球化进程的力量是一样的：即降低交通运输成本，逐渐减少贸易投资壁垒，以及为能满足消费者需求而大幅度拓展的市场。 23、It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. 34 24、Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles ,which now more than ever seem in ample supply:the critic of American materialism with a Southe publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-the jounalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools. 25、But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river-and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers,&Pluff!Pluff!A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.& 26、The example of Virtual Vineyards,Amazon.com ,and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity,hospitality,and security will attract online customers. 23、审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，另一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。 35 24、相反，我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更多见：批判美国式物质主义的人却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄；激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐；倡导在人生各个阶段实施参与式民主的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。 25、但当我们先是从解释性注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上格斗并双双掉进河里，而后又发现该行诗中只充斥着“扑通，扑通，185公斤重”这类对他们落水时的声音以以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。 26、像Virtual Vineyards,Amazon.com这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、服务性和安全性合理结合，且销售正确产品的网站是可以吸引来网上客户的。 27、They gather all the data they can ,not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. 28、During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders meeting,Levin asserted that &music is not the cause if society's ills&and even cited his son,a teacher in the Bronx,New York,who uses rap to communicate with students. 36 29、Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of &double effect&,a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. 30、There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracy--far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 27、他们及其所能收集了一切数据，这些数据不仅包括表现数据和生物信息，而且也包括了那些取得了表现优异者在实验室实验中的实验结果。 28、在上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说：“音乐不是社会问题的原因”，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，他儿子正在用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。 29、尽管最高法院已经裁定出医生帮助下的自杀行为并不受宪法的支 37 持，但最高法院实际上支持了被称为“双重效果”的医疗原则；这个已有几个世纪的道德原则认为一个行为可能会有两个效果—一个想要达到的好的效果和一个已经预见到的有害的效果。如果行为的实施者想要的只是要好的效果的话，这个行为是被允许的。 30、现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手术--这要比技巧高超的医生单单用手精确得多。 31、The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs,a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing,first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century. 32、At the same time ,the American Law Institute--a group of judges,lawyers,and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. 33、Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly
38 increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class,an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the dutiand almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. 34、Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge,components also critical to problem solving and life success. 31、这样一来总的结果便是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊上发表文章就更难了，而被广泛使用的论审推荐制度又进一步强化了这一结果，该种制度先被19世纪的国家级刊物引入，后又在20世纪，又被几家地方级地质学刊物所使用。 32、与此同时，美国法律协会，由一群法官、律师和专家学者组成的组织，他们的建议分量极重，发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提醒他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。 33、这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，他们是国家生活中代表不负责任的 39 财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。 34、斯顿伯格指出传统的测试能最好的评估出解析能力和语言能力而不能衡量一个人的创造性和实际能力，而这些都是对于解决问题和成功人生而言极其重要的因素。 35、But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future ,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. 36、They should be quick to respond to letters to editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. 37、It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location,title,and salary,then E-mail them when a matching position is posted in the database. 40 38、If the journalism did notice the essence of this issue ,it would open up its diversity program,now focused narrowly on race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class. 35、但是科学确实能提供对于未来的最好的指导，对于现在的行为之于未来的结果，科学能提供最好的评判，我们的国家和世界应该把重要的政策基于这种判断之上，这一点非常重要。 36、他们应该迅速回复给编辑的来信（读者来信），以免动物权利的错误信息不受质疑（大行其道）、并且披上貌似真理的骗人外衣。 37、正是这种交互式的特征使得访客可以键入自己的求职要求，比如地点、职务和薪水，当数据库里张贴出相应的职位时这种互动性的特征又可以给访问者发送电子邮件通知他们。 38、如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目，这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，新闻界应该进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层都大相径庭的各种记者。 39、Sad to say,this project has turned out to be mostly low-level fingdings about factual errors and spelling and grammer mistakes,combined with
41 lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. 40、New ways of organizing the workplace-all that reengineering and downsizing-are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy,which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery,new technology,and investment in education and training. 41、President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model,with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. 42、It's all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor(with a beard)and did his share of noise-making. 39、遗憾的说，这个项目最终被证明是一个很低级的研究，它着眼于错误的事实和拼写以及语法的问题，还有很多关于读者究竟想要什么的困惑。 42 40、厂房布置的新方法—所有那些重新设计、缩小规模的做法—只是影响对一个经济体的整体生产力的一个因素，整体的生产力还受许多其他因素的影响，比如结合设备和机械上的投资、新技术，以及在教育和培训上的投资。 41、布什总统致力于将社会保障转变为账户储蓄模式，在这个模式里，退休人员将用他们大量甚至是全部的有保障的收入换来依靠于投资回报的收入。 42、想想给他们带来生机的莎士比亚本人就是一个演员（而且留胡子），他也是这些噪音的一部分，你就会觉得这一切颇具讽刺意味。 43、To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. 44、I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of &juggling your life&,and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. 43 43、有一些人他们不知道动物研究对于这些治疗方法和一些新的治疗方法以及疫苗而言是必须的，对于他们来讲，动物研究说的最好听是浪费，说得最难听是残忍。 44、我已经发现，放弃那种“为生活忙碌”的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。或许凯尔西因不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《女友》杂志社的编辑一职之后也会发现。 45、Last year Mitsuo Setoyama,who was then education minister,raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World Wartwo had weakened the &Japanese morality of respect for parents&. 去年，时任教育部长濑户光夫争辩说二战后由美国占领当局引入的自由主义革新削弱了日本民族“尊敬父母的道德品质”的时候，舆论一片哗然。 46、When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion ,it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at,for,however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today,it is possible that in years to
44 come they may be regarded as normal. 当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时，最好应该弄清这场运动倡导者的真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理，很可能多年以后他们的理论会被视为正常。 47、With regard to Futurist poetry,however,the case is rather difficult,for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--it can be hardly be classed as Literature. 然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么—就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的—这种形式也很难被归入文学。 48、Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans,he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment--although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. 他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验—尽管还没有人建议这么做—他还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得。夏皮罗为主席的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
45 49、Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising ,no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. 除去议会用来规范广告的第27条法案的限制之外，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种不符合其广告承诺的商品。 50、The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. 意思就是说人们没有发现海里发生的巨大变化，因为他们只看了过去相对较短的一段时间。 51、One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that ,unlike the rises in the 1970s,it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. 另外一个不因油价上涨而失眠的原因是，这次涨价不像70年代的那些次上涨，它并不是在普通的商品价格暴涨和全球需求过旺的背景之下发生的。 52、This ,for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to
46 discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. 对于那些还不了解这种危害的人来说，它指的是对姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部分的人的歧视。 53、From the beginning of our history,says Hofstadter ,our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Hofstadter说，从我们的历史一开始，我们对于民主化和大众化的渴求就迫使我们拒绝一切带有精英主义色彩的东西。 54、The true enemies of science,argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University,a pioneer of environmental studies,are those who question the evidence supporting global warming,the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. 环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗。厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提出质疑的人。 55、“The test of any democratic society”,he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column,&lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible
latitude,however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be...&
47 “对任何一个民主社会的考验”，他在《华尔街日报》的一个专栏文章中写道，“不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于这个社会是否能给予思考和表达的尽可能广泛的自由，不管有时候这种结果是多么的富有争议或令人不快”。 56、The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle,observes a French sociologist,is part of the &irresistible momentum of individualism&over the last century. 一个法国社会学家观察到，从家庭生活到独居生活的转变是过去一个世纪以来“不可抗拒的独立主义动力”的一个部分。 57、The railroad industry as a whole,despite its brightening fortuning fortunes,still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. 就铁路工业整体而言，尽管拥有大好形势，但它的收入仍旧不可以与资本的消耗相平衡，而这些资本则是为了满足庞大的交通体系而必须的。 58、The grand mediocrity of today--everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring--means that natural selection has lost 80% of its
48 power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe. 当今人与人在很大的程度上的平等——即面对自然淘汰法则人人机会均等，并且连子嗣的数目都一样——这意味着和印度土著部落的情况相比，自然选择在印度中上层阶级中已丧失了80%的作用。 59、But,for a small group of students,professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills ,all other factors being equal,can be the difference between having a job and not. 但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。 60、While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions,for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations ,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而（我们）并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告其实是在使生产者和销售者的责任得以豁免。 61、This development--and its strong implication for US politics and
49 economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting. 这种发展——以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强有力的影响——使得南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最密集的地区。 62、For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80's ,down-shifting in the mid90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life--growing your own organic vegetables,and risking turning into a simpler,less materialistic lifestyle--as a personal recognition of your limitations. 对于我这一代曾在整个80年代为生活奔波的女人来说，90年代中期出现的归隐恬退与其说是我们寻求一种神话般的美好生活（用有机肥种植蔬菜，并且冒险去过一种更加简单和更少物质的生活方式），不如说是我们清醒地认识到自身能力是有限的。 63、A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man. 正像一个没有灵魂的躯体不称其为人，一个没有爱的家庭不称其为家庭。 50 64、Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. 1980的人口普查数据表明远西地区是对宽敞住宿条件需求最高的地区。 65、Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly:summer homes,European travel,BMWs--the locations,place names and name brands may change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. 当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。消夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车——地点、地名以及品牌或许会变化，但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于一二十年前。 66、Surely there is no more commanding moral imperative for people in the west than to urge each other,and their governments,to bring relief to the world's poorest. 毫无疑问，对西方人来说，没有什么道德标准要比相互督促和督促国家给世界上最穷困的地区带来救助更重要的了。 （或：毫无疑问，对西方人来说相互督促和督促国家给世界上最穷困的地区带去救助是最重要的道德原则。） 51 52
本文★★网址：http://www.xielw.cn/yuedu/64610.html
好文大家读
上一篇文章：
下一篇文章：
Copyright &
All Rights Reserved.《》}
我要回帖
更多关于 who whom whose的区别 的文章
更多推荐
- ·抖音的灯牌抖音灯牌等级亲密度对照表最新等级怎么提升呢？
- ·和平精英怎么和朋友一对一单挑有没有什么好方法与队友打辅助配合？
- ·叶子戏游戏公司怎么样金是哪部51wan网页游戏的代言人？
- ·一2分之1+2分之9=一3分之1x2平方+3平方+4平方+5平方分之5x+2怎么整理得2x平方一7x+15=0谢谢
- ·乐高棺材无限法老王棺材的位置在哪_乐高棺材无限法老王棺材的位置一览
- ·若风以前在哪个战队是rng的吗
- ·如何看待大学学生未经允许离校擅自使用大数据分析学生行
- ·习惯性腰扭伤吃什么药好
- ·有没有德庆有哪些国企厂招工啊
- ·生物题 某地开展以甜高粱甘蔗功能和作用种植为核心的生态农业建设 甜高粱甘蔗功能和作用植株高大，田间湿度大 可以在田间培养食用菌
- ·买的叉车证怎么查真假分辨真假
- ·突发性偏头痛的偏头痛怎么缓解疼痛
- ·小儿疝气自愈预兆能自愈吗
- ·每年的艺考生丹东天宇佳园二手房最严厉的艺考机构是不是天宇之声啊？播音专业是热门吗？
- ·什么是蝴蝶效应生意是指什么
- ·如何修改百度账号图片的名字可以修改吗
- ·血液检查抗甲状腺球蛋白高的危害抗体超高,还需要检查什么.
- ·耳鸣一个月还能恢复吗耳聋有多大的希望可以恢复健康呢？
- ·小儿小儿小脑共济失调调是不治之症吗？
- ·图片前两个例句中的， who 和who whom that不可以省略吗？ 我看后两个句子都有括号，可以省略？
- ·求最佳的一击百度云网盘全集百度云资源链接
- ·请问对 时 时 彩 熟悉吗 后排列三定胆杀号家彩网 独 胆
- ·ThinkGeek的网站怎么只有美国才能登录的网站陆进去
- ·政府采购中，可以所执业时间（2018年护士执业证注册时间间）做为评分因素吗？
- ·肾结石怎么冶疗最好的治疗方法？
- ·嗯，我想下载的江苏银行网络课程为什么说没用网络权限？
- ·请问对 时 时 彩 彩6怎么熟悉地图吗组三 倍 投
- ·曲阜远东职业学院官网技术学院
- ·易企信自助建站加盟的操作步骤
- ·杭州顶真对联餐饮培训学校在哪里
- ·朋友马上要出国去旅游，绵阳哪里学旅游英语专业比较好呢？时间比较紧。
- ·银胡感冒散和竹沥合剂怎么样可以一起吃吗
- ·据说分数低的同学去沈阳北软职业技术学院天胜单招学习会保送好的专科是真的吗？
- ·河南大学欧亚学院在哪里里？在哪个城市？
- ·高等数学空间解析几何向量
