多好吃的热狗啊用热狗英语怎么说说复数what和how

英语语法(牛津版)第六章 疑问词 wh- 和 how
英语语法(牛津版)第六章 疑问词 wh- 和 how
54 疑问形容词及疑问代词
用于人: 主格 who(代词)
宾格 whom/who(代词)
所有格 whose(代词,形容词)
用于物: 主格/宾格 what(代词,形容词)
用于选择范围有限的人或物: 主格/宾格 which(代词,形容词)
上述这些疑问形容词和疑问代词的单、复数形式都是相同的。
what也可以用于指人。(参见第58节D。)
55 who,whose等用做主语时后接肯定动词
who,whose,which,what作主语时,通常接一个肯定动词而不是疑问动词:
Who pays the bills?
谁付帐?(肯定动词)
Whose/Which horse won?
谁的/哪匹马赢了?(肯定动词)
What happened?/What went wrong?
出了什么事?/出了什么毛病?(肯定动词,可能的回答如We missedthe train/had an accident&我们误了火车/出了事故&。)
但who,whose等后跟be+名词或人称代词时,要用疑问动词:
Who are you?
Whose is this?
这是谁的?
What is that noise?
那噪音是怎么回事?
who,whose等作动词或介词的宾语时,整句当然需要用疑问动词。
56 who,whom,whose,winch和what的用法举例
A who,whom,whose
who作主语:
Who keeps the keys?
谁保管那些钥匙?(肯定动词)
Who took my gun?
谁拿了我的枪?(肯定动词)
Who are these boys?
这些男孩是谁?(疑问动词)
who,whom作动词宾语:
常用英语:
Who did you see?
你见到谁了?
很正式的英语:
Whom did the committee appoint?
委员会指定了谁?
whose作主语或主语的一部分:
Whose car broke down?
谁的车子发生了故障?(肯定动词)
Whose(books)are these?
这些(书)是谁的?(疑问动词)
whose作动词宾语或主语的一部分:
Whose umbrella did you borrow?
你借了谁的雨伞?
Which作主语或主语的一部分:
Which pigeon arrived first?
哪一只鸽子先到达的?(肯定动词)
Which of them is the eldest?
他们中谁的年龄最大?(肯定动词)
which作动词宾语或宾语的一部分:
Which hand do you use?
你用哪一只手?
Which of these dates would you prefer?
这几个日期你喜欢哪一个?
what作主语或主语的一部分:
What caused the explosion?
是什么引起爆炸的?(肯定动词)
What kind of tree is that?
那是哪种树?(肯定动词)
what作动词宾语或宾语的一部分:
What paper do you read?
你经常看什么报纸?
What did they eat?
他们吃了什么?
57 who,whom,which和what作介词宾语
A who,whom
在正规英语中我们用介词+whom结构:
With whom did you go?
你和谁一起去的?
To whom were you speaking?
你刚才在跟谁说话?
但在日常口语中我们常把介词置于句末。这时一般将whom变成who:
Who did you go with?
Who were you speaking to?
B which,what
在正规英语中我们用介词+which/what结构:
To which address did you send it?
你把东西寄到哪个地址去了?
On what do you base your theory?
你的理论依据是什么?
在非正规英语中我们将介词置于句末:
Which address did you send it to?
What do you base your theory on?
58 what的用法
A what是一个指事物的疑问词:
What bird is that?
那是什么鸟?
What makes that noise?
什么发出的噪音?
What country do you come from?
你是哪国人?
What did he say?
他说了什么?
B what…for?意为“为什么”:
What did you do that for?相当于:
Why did you do that?
你为什么做那事?
C what+be…like?要求对方进行描述,可以用于人或物:
-What was the exam like?
-It was very difficult.
-这次考试怎么样?
-What was the weather like?
-It was very windy.
-天气怎么样?
-Whats the food like in your hostel?
-Its quite good.
-你们学生公寓的伙食怎么样?
用于人时,既可指人的外表,也可指人的性格、品质:
Hes short and fat and wears glasses.
他个子不高,很胖,戴眼镜。
Hes a very talkative,friendly man.
他是一个非常健谈、和善的人。
what does he/she/it look like?仅指外表,也表示他/她/它像谁(什么):
-What does she look like?
-She is tall and glamorous.She looks like a film star.
?-她长什么样儿?
-她个子很高,很有魅力。看上去像个电影明星。
-What does it look like?
-Its black and shiny.It looks like coal.
-它看上去什么样?
-它黑而亮,看上去像煤。
D what is he?表示他从事什么职业:
-What is his father?
-He is a tailor.
-他父亲是干什么的?
-他是个裁缝。
what作形容词时可用于指人,但不常见:What students are you talking about?(你们在谈论哪些学生?)这种用法是可以的,但用Which students…?时较为常见。
E what和how用于有关度量等的提问中
what主要与这些名词连用为what+age/depth/height/length/ width,但在口语中用how old/deep/high/tall/long/wide?结构。在需要准确的回答时用what size/weight?结构,尽管也可用how big/heavy?结构:
What age are you?/What is your age?/How old are you?
你多大年龄?
What height is he?/What is his height?/How tall is he?
他有多高?
What is the weight of the parcel?/How heavy is it?
包裹有多重?
What size do you take in shoes?
你穿多大号的鞋?
59 which与who和what的比较
A which和who用于指物的例子:
What will you have to drink?
你想喝点什么?
There is gin,whisky and sherry;which will you have?
我们这里有杜松子酒、威士忌酒以及雪利酒。您想要哪一种?
-What does it cost to get to Scotland?
-It depends on how you go.
-Which(way) is the cheapest?/Which is the cheapest(way)?
-到苏格兰去要花多少钱?
-这要看你怎么走。
-哪一种走法最省钱?
-Ive seen the play and the film.
-What did you think of them? Which(of them) did you like best?
-我看了戏剧和电影。
-你觉得(它们)怎么样?你最喜欢哪一个?
B which和who用于指人的例子:
-Who do you want to speak to?
-I want to speak to Mr Smith.
-We have two Smiths here. Which(of them) do you want?
-你想找谁谈?
-我想找史密斯先生谈。
-我们这里有两位姓史密斯的。你要找的是哪一位?
which(代词)指人的时候,不能单独用做动词的主语:
Which of you knows the formula?
你们谁知道这个公式?(“of you”是必要的。)
也可以说:
Who knows the formula?
C which(形容词)表示轻微限定的意思时可以用于指人:
Which poet(of all the poets) do you like best?
(在所有的诗人当中)你最喜欢哪一位诗人?
这里可以用what代替which,并且更合乎逻辑,但通常避免用
形容词what来指人。
60疑问副词why,when,where和how
A why?的含义是“为什么”:-Why was he late?
-He missed the bus.
-他为什么迟到了?
-他没赶上公共汽车。
B when?的含义是“什么时候”:-When do you get up?
-你平常什么时候起床?
-早晨7点。
C where?的含义是“什么地方”:-Where do you live?
-In London.
-你住在哪儿?
-住在伦敦。
D how?的含义是“怎么样”:
-How did you come?
-I came by plane.
-你是怎么来的?
-我是乘飞机来的。
-How do you start the engine?
-You press the button.
-怎样启动发动机?
-按这个按钮。
how还可有以下用法:
1与形容词连用(参见第25节C):
How strong are you?
你有多大劲儿?
How important is this letter?
这封信的重要性有多大?
(关于how+old/high等,参见第58节E。)
2与much和many连用:
How much(money) do you want?
你需要多少钱?
How many(pictures)did you buy?
你买了多少幅(画)?
3与副词连用:
How fast does he drive?
他开得有多快?
How often do you go abroad?
你多长时间出一次国?
How badly was he hurt?
他伤得怎么样?
How soon can you come?
你多快能赶来?
注意How is she?(她身体怎么样?)询问的是她的健康状况,而What is she like?(她长得什么样?)询问的是她的外貌。(参见第58节C。)
不要把How are you?(你身体怎么样?)和How do you do? (您好!)搞混。当两个人被介绍认识时,双方都说How do you do?这只是一句问候语而不是真的提出一个问题。(参见第126节。)
61 ever位于who,what,where,why,when,how之后
Where ever have you been?Ive been looking for you everywhere!
你究竟到哪儿去了?我在到处找你!Who ever told you Id lend you the money?Ive no money at all! 到底是谁告诉你我会借你钱的?我一点钱也没有!
这里,句子中的ever并不是必不可少的,加上它只是为了表示强调说话人惊奇、惊讶、愤怒、气恼和沮丧的语气。它与on earth (究竟,到底),in the world(究竟)有同样的含义。
这样的句子总是用强调的口气。而且语调本身就表达了说话人的思想感情:
Why ever did you wash it in boiling water?
你究竟为什么把它放在开水里洗?(表示沮丧。)
Who ever are you?
你究竟是谁?(对方大概是个闯入者。)
Who ever left the door open?
到底是谁没关门?(哪个蠢人没关门?)
Where ever have you put my briefcase?
你究竟把我的公文包放到哪儿去了?(我哪儿也找不到。)
What ever are you doing in my car?
你究竟在我的车里搞什么名堂?(表示惊讶或不高兴。)
When ever did you leave home?
你到底是什么时候离开家的?(你一定很早就离开了。)
How ever did he escape unhurt?
他究竟是怎么逃出来还没受伤的?(车子可是完全撞坏了。)
注意:why ever not?和what ever for?的用法如:
-You mustnt wear anything green.
-Why ever not?
-你不准穿任何绿色的衣服。
-究竟为什么不准穿呢?(我不明白这道禁令的原因。)
-Bring a knife to class tomorrow.
-What ever for?
-明天上课带一把刀子来。
-究竟是干什么用?(我不明白我需要一把刀做什么。)
(关于写成一个词的whoever,whatever等的用法参见第85节。)当前位置:
>>>翻译句子你能行!1. I like hamburgers.[ ]A. 我喜欢吃热狗。B..
翻译句子你能行!
1. I like hamburgers.&
A. 我喜欢吃热狗。B. 我喜欢吃汉堡。
2. You like French fries.&&
A. 你喜欢吃薯条。B. 你喜欢吃热狗。
3. Wu Yifan likes bread.&&&
A. 吴一凡喜欢吃面包。B. 吴一凡喜欢吃香肠。
4. Sarah likes chicken.&
A. 萨拉喜欢吃鸡肉。B. 萨拉喜欢吃火腿。
5. Have some French fries.&&&&
A. 吃些炸薯条吧。B. 有一些炸薯条。
6. Here you are.&
A. 这你是的。B. 给你。
题型:单选题难度:中档来源:同步题
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“翻译句子你能行!1. I like hamburgers.[ ]A. 我喜欢吃热狗。B..”主要考查你对&&翻译能力&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
现在没空?点击收藏,以后再看。
因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
小学翻译能力的体现主要是简单句子,词组和固定搭配的中英文的互译。中文句子翻译成英文,英语词组的填空,和基本的语句中英翻译。翻译题注意事项:一般说来,句子翻译都有个明显的考查意图,要么是考查某个词的用法或习惯表达,要么是考查某个句型的结构或搭配,或者是考查某条语法规则的具体运用,等等。1、要注意英语的习惯表达以及英汉两种语言的不同之处。由于历史、文化等方面的原因,英汉两种语言在用词选句等方面有许多不同之处,这一点一定要引起足够的重视,千万不要用汉语的习惯硬套英语句型。2、不要逐字翻译。不少同学在做翻译练习中往往有逐字翻译的习惯。总之,在做句子翻译题时,要注意单词的词形变化,如名词的单复数;动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词;形容词、副词的比较级、最高级等。除了掌握正确的解题思路和技巧外,重要的是平时的积累,考试时的认真、细心、全盘考虑。句子翻译的常用技巧:
英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言,英语重形合,汉语重意合。有人把英语句子比喻为"树木丛生、干枝纠缠的树林",脉络难析,主次难辨,而把汉语句子比喻为"枝干分明的竹林",脉络清晰,主次易辨。翻译时,根据表达习惯,英语、汉语的句子结构有时需要进行相应的转换。英汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序也不完全一致,因此,翻译时,也时常需要根据表达习惯,对句序进行相应的调整。
一、正反、反正表达法
由于民族文化和思维方式不同,英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时,英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的,而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达,如例1、例2、例3。反之,汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句子,译成英语时需要从反面进行表达,如例4、例5、例6。此外,汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构,如双重否定(例7)、否定转移(例8)在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。
I.汉语从反面表达,译文从正面表达
例1:他提出的论据相当不充实。
译文:The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词)
例2:我们确信,年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
译文:We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短语)
例3:他七十岁了,可是并不显老。
译文:He was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子)
II.汉语从正面表达,译文从反面表达
例4:他这个人优柔寡断,而且总是反复无常。
译文:He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词)
例5:调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。
译文:The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease. (短语)
例6:这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。
译文:Such actions couldn't long escape notice. (句子)
III.特殊的否定句式
例7:有利必有弊。
译文:There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否定)
例8:我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。
译文:In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. (否定转移)
二、分句、合句法
很多情况下,翻译句子的时候,需要调整原来的句子结构,分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。
汉译英时,需要分译的句子多数是长句,或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句,就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚,也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译,则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。如以下五个例子:
例1. 少年是一去不复返的,等到精力衰竭时,要做学问也来不及了。(按内容层次分译)
译文: Youth will soon be gone, never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.
例2. 她隔窗望去,突然发现有只小船停泊在河边,船里有位船夫睡得正香。(从主语变换处分译)
译文: Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep.
例3. 声速随温度的升降会有轻微的增减,但不受气压的影响。(从关联词处分译)
译文: The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with decrease in temperature. It is not affected by the pressure of the air.
例4. 我们的政策是实行"一个国家,两种制度",具体说,就是在中华人民共和国内,有着十多亿人口的大陆实行社会主义制度,香港、台湾地区实行资本主义制度。(原文出现总说或分述时要分译)
译文: We are pursuing a policy of "one country with two systems." More specifically, this means that within the People's Republic of China, the mainland with its more than one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while Hong Kong and Taiwan continue under the capitalist system.
例5. 我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一,有关的政策,也是众所周知和不会改变的,并且正在深入人心。(为了强调语气而采用分译)
译文: We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory. Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change. The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.
英汉两种语言的句子结构不完全相同,尽管英语句子日趋简洁,但是从句套从句,短语含短语的句型也是频频出现。一般而言,一个英语句子的信息包含量要大于一个汉语句子,因此,我们在做汉译英的时候,常常把汉语的两个句子,甚至更多句子,合译成英语的一句。使用合句法还可以使译文紧凑、简练。如以下三个例子:
例6:一代人与一代人之间的冲突,也就是年轻人与老年人的冲突,似乎是最可笑的。因为这就是现在的自己与将来的自己,或者说过去的自己与现在的自己的冲突。(在关联词处合译)
译文:A conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.
例7:对我来说,我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。(从主语变换处合译)
译文:To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am king.
例8:第二天,我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字,比前一个电报说得更详细。(按内容连贯合译)
译文:The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more details.
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