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两分钟英语即兴演讲稿
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【两分钟英语即兴】两分钟的英语稿 I'll tell you an experience of myself happened last week. Last Thursday our school was tackling something about working for study. i wanted to have a try even though i knew the salary was so low and i had little chance,because the students who had the certificate were always thought to have priority to get the job. fortunately i was called at noon and a teacher said to me that she wanted me to work for her and asked if i could change my mind. at that moment i was so excited that immediately i accepted her idea. but later on,she found me that i'm not a student,so i had little chance and suggest me to get one. then an idea occurred to me that i could call my father and ask him to send me the letter. at the same time i was told that i was admitted to the job and don't need the certificate. that time i forgot to remind my father,until the next day he called me that he had posted it and it would arrive in just one day. at that moment i was moved, and even moved into tears, because i knew my father was injured not long before,the process of helping me with the affairs was not so convenient for him. but he tried his best to help me. sometimes we may complain about unsatisfying things around us,and blame them on our parents,sometimes they'll be angry with us, and sometimes we can't quite understand what they are thinking about. but on balance, almost every parent is selfless to his or her child. they are ready to offer everything to us when we are in bad situation. we used to sharing sorrow with them,but do not forget to share our happiness with them, perhaps they will be much happier than we are. so from now on, let's care more about our parents and do not leave pity to them. that's what i want to tell you today. thank you!中学生感恩英语演讲稿 the poet saidspring flowers to the door pushed open 。i saidthanks giving to the door pushed open the living. if you carefully listen to the voice s of flowers, are everywhere harmonious life movement. 诗人说：花朵把春天的门推开了。我说：感恩把生活的门推开了。只要你用心去听花开的声 音，生活到处都是和谐的乐章。then, as a middle school student, how thanksgiving? 那么，作为一名中学生，怎样感恩呢？first thanksgiving their parents, because everyone's life is a continuation of the parents of one blood, all of the parents gave us love, let us enjoy the hum an world of affection and happiness, therefore, we would like to thank the pare nts. 首先要感恩自己的父母，因为每的生命都是父母血脉的延续,父母给了我们全部的爱,让我们享受到了人世间的亲情和幸福，因此,我们要感谢父母。teachers are our growth 领路人, are our friends, teachers care for us , their w ords and deeds, let us benefit for life, we pay for teachers efforts and sweat, we should thanksgiving teachers. 老师是我们成长的领路人，是我们的朋友，老师爱护我们，言传身教，让我们受益终身，老 师为我们付出心血和汗水，我们应该感恩老师。students study the lives of our fellow students to encourage each other, help e ach other, to jointly overcome difficulties and setbacks, the common taste of s uccess and happiness learning, we should be grateful for every day and we accom panied the students. 同学是我们学习生活的同伴，同学间互相鼓励，互相帮助,共同战胜困难与挫折，共同品尝 学习的成功与快乐，我们应该感谢天天与我们相伴的同学。thanksgiving-fighting, thanksgiving unlimited! students, and society thanksgivi ng! let us always to the life caring and full of love and love! 感恩无痕， 感恩无限！ 同学们，学会感恩吧！ 让我们的生活永远走向关怀， 充满真情和爱心！高中英语演讲稿：怎样才能学好英语 as everyone knows,english is very important today.it has been used everywhere in the world.it has become the most common language on internet and for international trade. if we can speak english well,we will have more chance to succeed.because more and more people have taken notice of it,the number of the people who go to learn english has increased at a high speed. but for myself,i learn english not only because of its importance and its usefulness,but also because of my love for it.when i learn english, i can feel a different way of thinking which gives me more room to touch the world.when i read english novels,i can feel the pleasure from the book which is different from reading the translation.when i speak english, i can feel the confident from my words.when i write english,i can see the beauty which is not the same as our chinese... i love english,it gives me a colorful dream.i hope i can travel around the world one day. with my good english, i can make friends with many people from different contries.i can see many places of great intrests.i dream that i can go to london,because it is the birth place of english. i also want to use my good english to introduce our great places to the english spoken people,i hope that they can love our country like us.i know, rome was not built in a day. i believe that after continuous hard study, one day i can speak english very well. if you want to be loved, you should learn to love and be lovable. so i believe as i love english everyday , it will love me too. i am sure that i will realize my dream one day! thank you!中学生三分钟英语演讲稿 good morning,dear teacher and my friends. it’s a very intresting topic today. i think my dad was a hero for me when i was a young child. we'd go fishing, walks, and other fun things for a kid. every child has a good and great father, and so do i. my dad played a very important role in my daily life`````exactly speaking, in my past 16 years. my father always stands in the center of my life， from past till now and possibly in the future. my family was rather poor when i was in my childhood. we didn't have our own house and had to live in a shabby， small room rented from my father's factory. the room was so small that there was little space for people to walk. i didn't have my own bed and had to sleep with my parents. this is terrible both for my parents and me. but father made this all different！he works very hard on his own business, now we have our own 2 housese,surly,i have my own room.and he take our family so much happiness, richer and richer. when i was little, i did everything with my dad. you could always find me sitting on his knee or walking and doing everything with him. every night he would read me a bed time story and make the voices of each character. i learnt a lot from my daddy. i learnt to never take things to seriously and to always smile. like many other fathers, my dad and i also has generation gap. he is not good at or even can’t work the computer. so when i sitting at the computer desk,he will say something like ‘you should pay more attention to your study’, ‘don’t waste time on the computer games’ , ‘it will be bad for your eyes’ and so on. how can i- a computer fan C reduce time on computer? so i continue studying and playing on it years pasted, my father is over 45 now. it is time for me to look after him and iam sure i will do and we will live an even better life. and i will say,i really love you dad,cause you are the hero in my mind. thank you so much!Say No to Junk food Good morning, everybody! Boys and girls, please raise you hand If you don’t like fried chicken wings.(你可现场问问题) How about double cheese burger? Raise you hands if you don’t like French fries. I can see so many people like fried chickens, double cheese burgers and French fries. Now let me ask you one more questionRaise you hands if you like junk food. I can see that nobody likes junk food. Right? Boys and girls, do you realize that the one you were in favor just now are junk foods. Junk food is a slang word for foods with limited Nutritional value. Foods that are high in salt, sugar, fat or calories and low nutrient content. are junk foods. Boys and girls, listen up! junk foods may cause hypertension Junk foods may increase various kinds of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity Boys and girls, I am not standing here to scare you Eating healthy foods should start from the young So let us start from today Let us say no to junk food Boys and girls, it is not a matter how long you could live It is the quality of life that counts! God bless everybody! Bye! Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. It’s my great honor to be here and I am very happy to see you all. Thank you for being here. What I am going to talk about today is how to speak good English. First of all, I’d like to talk about the importance of speaking good English and share my experience in learning English with you. As you know, English has become an international language. Wherever you go, English is always commonly used. It is convenient to know the language. At the same time,English may be the most important factor in deciding which countries are leaders in the future. The language of the most advanced management and technology is undoubtedly English. Being able to absorb this information is really the key to the new century. In the 21century. We can’t go there and speak our own language because nobody is going to learn it in order to understand us. Our Asian rival, India, has surged ahead of other developing countries in information technology because of its superior English skills. Unless we are able to master English, we will not be able to get our population to use IT and take advantage of the new economy. There is an urgent need to have a workforce which is proficient in the language in view of the information technology onslaught. Second, about learning English, I think laying a strong foundation is the first and most important step. In other words, you should read and speak English every day. Memorizing new words and phrases is also helpful. Of course, learning English takes some time, so don’t be impatient. Remember, Rome wasn’t built in a day. And then since English is not our native tongue, we must develop the muscles of your speech organs to produce unfamiliar sounds. When you read, read as loudly as possible, as clearly as possible and as quickly as possible. Tongue muscles’ training is of importance in learning any foreign language. Third, if you want to speak good English, please don’t care how poorly well you speak, only care about catching the chances to speak. You must enjoy losing face, just forget about your face. The more you speak, the better your English will become. The more mistakes you make, the more progress you will make. You must enjoy speaking poor English, because speaking is the only thing that will lead you towards success. Don’t give up. Just try your best. Every time you move your mouth, your memory will deepen, your muscles will strengthen. You can make it. I have made a considerable amounts of public English speaking in my life, I am often asked why the crazy English method is better than other methods or if the crazy English method will help all English learners. My answer is, the method will help the English learners because it is a perfect match with the Chinese principles of diligence, self-help and determination. Mere exposure to English will not enable you to speak English. If you want to drive you have to get in the car and drive, if you want to dance you have to turn on the music and dance, if you want to swim you have to jump in the water and swim. In fact, swimming is the perfect comparison to learning English. You can’t learn to swim by sitting in a room and reading books about swimming skills. In order to be a swimmer you’ve got to conquer you fear, you’ve got to survive and suck in water, yell for help, you’ve got to lose face many times before you can make it. But, to be a good swimmer you’ve got to practice again and again. To be agreat swimmer you have to practice for years until you can harmonize every part of your body and mind. Finally, I want to greet you and encourage you to seize this unique opportunity to conquer English and make lifelong friends from all over our college. As you know, We are human beings ,not animals. We know what we want to do. We know our destiny is in our hands. With hard work and determination, we can do anything we set our mind to do. Today, I will accompany you every minute on this unique journey. I want you to open your heart, I want you to be devoted, I want you to be crazy, I want you to forget about your face, I want to open your mouth wildly, I want you conquer your laziness and all the other human weaknesses, I want you to overcome all the
【两分钟英语即兴演讲稿】两分钟的英语演讲稿
i'll tell you an experience of myself happened last week. last thursday our school was tackling something about woking fou study. i wanted to have a try even though i knew the salary was so +申请认证【两分钟英语即兴演讲稿】英语即兴演讲稿 distinguished judges, teachers, studentsgood afternoon everyone! from all the warm applause, i am of my classmates have hope. i will be with perseverance and tenacity to laugh last! what is
+申请认证【两分钟英语即兴演讲稿】三分钟英语即兴演讲范文（1）1.Should parents set limits in internet access for their teenage children? Why?Internet is dangerous if a child has unlimited freedom to use it. Because teenagers are too weak to resist the great tempt. Various online games will cost their almost all-day time. And many kinds of online movies may teach them unhealthy content such as violence. Also, long-time exposure to computer will do great harm to teenager's eyesight. A child addicted to Internet will neglect his study completely. However, the word limit does not mean forbidding. It can't be denied that internet is a very useful tool for learning. In this information age, computer and internet is essential. Adequate access to internet will contribute to teenagers keeping pace with this world. Also, internet is a fine entertainment for students who have study longtime and get tired. So, I think parents should set limits on but not forbid access for their teenager children.2.Should smoking be prohibited completely in all countries? Why?Well, it's a quite complex question. Overall, in my opinion, I think smoking shouldn't be completely prohibited in all countries. Let me explain my views.We all know clearly that smoking is very harmful to the smoker's health. Longtime smoking can lead to lung cancer and other serious health problem. Also, smoking in public situation is awful. People around the smoker, especially the children, also suffer from the damage to their health. In spite of all these bad effects mentioned above, however, I still think smoking is indeed needed in our society. For example, when people get tired or anxious, a cigarette can help to release their body as well as spirit. Also, in some social intercourse, cigarette is a essential. In my eyes, I can't imagine what people's life will become if smoking is completely prohibited. There may be many benefits for individuals, but the social will suffer a lot. So, I think smoking should not be prohibited. It is individual effort to make smoking a useful thing.三分钟英语即兴演讲范文（2）.Agree or disagreeThere is nothing that young people could teach old people.In ancient times, young people should never teach old people. Old people know much more than young because they ha ve undergone many things in their life. They lead us to the right way. Sometimes, it regarded impolite for young to teach ol d. But that does not mean young people really have nothing to teach old people, especially in this high-developed times. You ng people usually learn things fast and learn more. They always have a smart head for new things. Therefore, young people can teach the olds how to use computer and cellphone, how to dance and so on. Also, I think old people can learn younger passion and energetic for life. That will be a good thing.2.Should pets be allowed in university dormitories?In my opinion, by no means should pets be allowed in dormitories. To be honest, I've been thinking in my mind to have a pet in my dorm. Lovely pets will bring much joy to our daily life. But I eventually didn't do that. Why? Because it is some thing selfish and irresponsible. Dormitory is a place where several people live together. To a certain degree, it is a public place. We can't just comply with our own desire while ignore other roommates?feeling. Having a pet in dorm can be troublesome or even annoying. It may make the room dirty and even in a mess. What't worse, some people are allergic to certain anima ls. Also, people's rest can be guaranteed. Some people may say that we could choose a mild and little pet such as fishes. In this case, if your roommates don't reject, I think it is acceptable.三分钟英语即兴演讲范文（3）1.Agree or disagreeMuseums should be made free.In my eyes, museums of course should be made free.We know that, as a part of culture, museums restore many culture relics. These are typical symbols for a certain times. As a citizen of our country, it is necessary and natural to learn our past history. Recent years, more and more museums are open free to the public. I couldn't agree more with it. Free museum will greatly motivate all kinds of people to approach. Wh at's more, in this fast developing age, museums have many new and advanced invents inside. It will be a wonderful place for people who want to learn more. Parents can often take their children to museums to learn about history and some technical knowledge. In a word, I think government should try to make more museums free for citizens.2.Agree or disagreeZoos should be banned.Nowadays, lots of people start to realize that zoos are not a good place for animals. People need zoos because it is an easy way to close the animals and also because it's convenient for people to observe them. However, zoos are in fact a cruel plac e for animals. Animals should live in their natural habitat. An animal's natural instinct is to run and to hunt. But that's not for animals kept in zoos. Everyday, people feed them. They've never been taught how to hunt for food and will gradually lose t heir natures. That will be quite cruel for a animal, especially for wild animals such as tigers and lions. You can often find in zoos that a tiger kept in cage has a loose expression in its face.We set animals in zoos and therefore feel that they won't m eet danger and may be able to protect them from dying out. This may be just a excuse we find for ourselves to make anim als in cages just as entertainment. We always say animals are our friends, then why we put our friends in cages?三分钟英语即兴演讲范文（4）1.Agree or disagreeAdvertising aiming at children should be restricted.I disagree. It's fair to advertize to children even children are always said to be unable to distinguish between reality and fiction, between entertainment and advertising. A supposed consequence of advertising is that children are being persuaded to demand things that they don't need and to adopt consumerist values and attitudes in their formative years. However, it's up to the parents to determine what should and shouldn t be bought for their children. Children need to know how to see the se ads and realize how a certain product would affect them and thus balance out the pros and cons and see if it's in their b est interest. In my opinion, the parents as well as the world need to stop babying children and let them learn lessons for life, because certain things can't be restricted well. Temptation is always at children's side. They have to learn to resist and mak e responsible decisions.2.Agree or disagreeJunk food should be taxed.I agree that junk food should be taxed. In modern society, many people are attracted to eat in KFC or MacDonald's. Eve ryday, many hamburgers, fried chips and so on are sold out. Despite the good sale, it can't be denied that all these are junk food. Just as the word junk, they bring great harm to our healthy. So, there comes a appeal that junk food should be taxe d. In think it is enforceable because it will control the sale of junk food to a certain degree. Firstly, the tax can force the ma nufacturer to decrease production and then there will be less junk food on market. Also, we all know that junk food has very high profits. Some trader many take extreme trick to cut down their cost and gain more profit. So, it's reasonable to tax the m.1.Agree or disagreeUniversities should abolish the practice of cutting off the electricity at dormitory at night.I agree with it. As a student, I should say, university shouldn't cut off electricity at dormitory at night. The original intent ion for university to cut off electricity is to ensure our rest for some students will stay up very late if there is nothing to limit them. However, these students are minority. Most students have regular timetable. What s more, we are now already in uni versity, I think we shouldn t be treated like high school students any longer. Especially in summer hot days, no electricity at night would be a nightmare to all students. We can't fall asleep without electric fans. I can't just imagine that. Universities s hould think more for their students and trust their self-control.2.Some say music training in college is unnecessary, while others do not believe so. What is your opinion o n this issue?I should say, music training in college is necessary, especially for non-art students. To be honest, nowadays?college stude nts are also under much pressure. We have to attend many complex courses everyday. Many students get tired and gloomy. Then, if there is a music course, it will greatly release our bad mood. And we will have a nice mood and more energy to co ntinue our study. Besides, it's commonly believed that music training can cultivate people's character. It will make people mor e calm and wise as well as elegant. In fact, nowadays, many parents send their children to attend music course at a very yo ung age. These parents hope their children will have a elegant and smart mind. Many of today's students in university didn't have adequate music training at their former school. If university can open related music course, it will be of great use for st udents?cultivation.三分钟英语即兴演讲范文（6）1.Some people like to do only what they already do well. Other people prefer to try new things and take risks. Which do you prefer?I prefer to try new things and take risks. For me, risk is a kind of uncertainty. Maybe it will lead to a negative conseque nce, but just as Helen Keller ever said, character cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experience of trial an d suffering can the soul be strengthened, ambition inspired, and success achieved. So, if we only do what we already d well, we can rarely touch new things, gain new knowledge, and we never change. However, if we try new thing, we will find so mething different and may come to something we v e never face before. Then, we will try our best to solve it, to achieve it. During the course, our ability is improved even though we fail at last. After repeatedly trying new things, we will eventuallyfind that we've learnt many and become more mature. We will find it easier to measure situation and make right decision. Al so, our simple life is becoming meaningful and interesting.2.Some say military training at college is necessary while other disagree. What's your point of view on this subject? Why?I think military training at college is necessary. Nowadays, many undergraduates are lacking in self-control and discipline. The military training is quite useful in this case. We know that military training is very strict. During the training, we learn to obey the disciplines and keep high concentration. Also, we can have our body strengthened and change our lazy image. Alth ough the training can be very hard, we will gradually find that our steps become vigorous, and our spirits become energetic. What s more, military training can also cultivate our Patriotism. The experience of hard training will remind us of Chinese ar my's hardship. We are aware of their historic mission, fighting spirit and responsibility. So, military training is an effective way to make people know more about our motherland and love her.三分钟英语即兴演讲范文（7）1.What qualities do you think a friend should have to continue the friendship? Use specific reasons to support your idea.In my heart, I think the most important quality to continue the friendship is sincerity. A true friendship must be built on sincerity. However, to continue a friendship is not a easy thing. Both of each other have to pay a lot. The word sincerity con tains too much. Firstly, we need to be frank and honest to each other. Only if when we did so can the other side treat us li ke the same and thus build belief between friends. A friendship full of lies and deceit shouldn't be called friendship. Secondly, we need to be considerable and do not be self-centered. We should think more for our friends and encourage them on cert ain occasion. A self-centered friend can be very troublesome and annoying. No one would tolerate him for a long time. Finally, I think we should learn to compromise sometimes. We can't live in harmony forever with our friends. When there expose a disagreement, we should compromise to each other. Only by this way can a friendship last long.2.Some people say college degree begins to lose shining while others do not think so. What's your point of view on this subject? Why?It's not an easy question. On the whole, I think, college degree do begin to lose shining but we should never think it un important.Today, there are more and more universities or college degrees. We can say that graduates in society are overflowi ng. It can't be ignored that more and more graduates with high degree are in fact idiots. So, the companies increasingly focu s more on the personal ability rather than college degree when they recruit employees. However, that does not mean college certification becomes a wastepaper. It'still a essential for you looking a good job. Support that a person without any qualifica tion, will a recruiting company give him a chance? That will rarely happen, at least in our country. Then, if you never have a chance, how can you display and prove your ability, if you indeed have? So, do not think the college degree is useless. Afte r all, chances are not for every common people. Only if we own it can we get the chance to enter a good company and thu s make a difference.
【两分钟英语即兴演讲稿】1.Now in the age of the Internet, reading books does not seem as important as it once was. Do youthink people can learn as much on the Internet as they can by reading books? Which method do you prefer? 2. It's been said that technology creates more problems than it solves and may threaten or damagethe quality of life. Is this statement reasonable? What problems does technology bring us? Use specific examples in your answer, please. 3. Literature is a significant part of human culture and some say it can help form aesthetic taste.However, is it necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, and other types of imaginative literature? 4. Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best use of it when itcomes. So how do you define success and how would you make the best use of it? 5. Do you agree that the people who make important contributions to society are generally not thosewho develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others And please give examples to illustrate your views. 6. Most people agree that buildings represent a valuable record of the past for any society, butcontroversy arises when old buildings stand on ground which modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, should modern development be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served? 7. It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. However, formaleducation tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. Do you think university education should be more open-minded and free? And what aspect of your university life should be improved? 8. In today's technological society, we're becoming busier and busier. But the primary goal oftechnological advancement is to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time. How do you evaluate this situation? How can we improve it? 9. Strict laws are important for the security of our society, but there are many cases of injusticebased on rigid laws. Should laws be fixed or flexible? Please explain your vies with examples. 10. One typical feature of the young generation is overconfidence. As a result, they lack the patience todo a basic job, dreaming that they can accomplish great things is misleading and/or potentially harmful? 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. which qualities do you look for in a boyfriend/girlfriend? What would be your major consideration in choosing a job and why? what is more important in your career, to make money or to be satisfied with your work? Which is more important for youknowledge from books or personal experienceIf you could live in a different time and place, what time and place would you choose? What is your view on public displays of affection such as kissing on campus? If we don't want to give money to individual beggars, what charities would you recommend that wesupport in China18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Do you think married couples have a better life without children? why do you think Valentine's Day has become so popular in China? Could you please tell us, in your opinion, what makes life worthwhile? Are we allowing the Internet to intrude too far into our private lives? Do we need so many television channels? Is it time to scrap the May and October golden week holidays? Is marking western holidays a sign of a modern China or of traditions sacrificed to commercialinterests?25. 26. 27.Should linguistic diversity be preserved, even at the expense of effective communication? Are we becoming too susceptible to advertising? Do you think people today are any closer to achieving a peaceful and harmonious future orharmonious world than Confucius, who lived 2000 years ago? 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. Should bargaining be outlawed and traders be required to advertise a fixed price for what they sell? Should it be left to university students to balance their private lives and their studies? Can the sacrifice of modesty in the interests of achieving success be justified What do you think is more important for a child, a happy childhood or top marks at school? Who should be the focus of investment in sport, the general population or potential Olympicchampions? 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. Are boarding schools a good idea or are students better off at home? Should Peking Opera remain true to its roots or change with the times? Does modern society place too much emphasis on physical beauty? Should Beijing's historic main avenue be open to all, big cars and small cars? Is it right for major cities to lift the ban on firecrackers? Is a dependent husband a role model or a cause of embarrassment? Should Beijing introduce a congestion charge to encourage drivers to use public transport andleave their cars at home? 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. Who should take responsibility for the poor diet of children, fast-food restaurants or parents? Is the Olympic ideal still relevant today? Should China introduce a complete ban on smoking in restaurants and bars? Is Beijing a better or a worse city, as a result of the disappearance of the hutongs? Are retirement homes the answer in caring for China's aging population? If you could invite one historical figure to dinner, who would that be? What would you want todiscuss with him or her? 46. 47. If you could choose one thing that China could share with the rest of the world, what would that be? Should postgraduate study be a means of improving job prospects, rather than pursuing academicinterests? 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. Is it right that success in the sporting arena should open doors to a career in entertainment? Do you think big cities need more public transport instead of more private cars? Do you think that pretty female students have an advantage in job interviews? Do the benefits of the Internet for students outweigh the potential harm? Should the Yuan Ming Yuan, also known as the Old Summer Palace, be restored? Do you think schools, including primary schools, should permit students to carry mobile phones? Do you think a policy of not allowing visitors on campus will harm a university's image? Is the risk of exploitation too high a price for children to pay for fame? What's more important, job satisfaction or money? Which attribute is more important for an Olympic champion, technique or mental strength? Which is better for the arts, private investment or government funding? With about 4200 languages spoken worldwide, would it be more convenient if a universal languagewere adopted? 60. Do famous people deserve constant public scrutiny, or should they have more protection fromintrusive reporting?如何应对即兴演讲 来源：21 英语网
作者：Stephen Lucas（《为成功而演讲》） 日期:到目前为止我们讨论了适用于各种公众演讲的普遍原则。现在我们来看即兴演讲，也被称作临场的、 即席的或是无准备的演讲。在“21 世纪杯”比赛中，选手们完成已备演讲之后作即兴演讲。下面是往届比 赛中出现过的一些即兴演讲题目如果你可以生活在另外一个不同时间和地点，你将如何选择？对你来说哪种知识更为重要：书本上学 来的还是从个人经历取得的？ 你认为中国人世将会对这个国家有何主要影响？ 大学生能否结婚？ 如果你是人大代表，你对政府有何建议？ 你会发现，即兴演讲题目的话题涉及面很广，包含从个人到政治，从校园热点到时事等各个方面。在 “21 世纪杯”演讲比赛的各个环节中，即兴演讲最具挑战性。它考验你独立思考、迅速、透彻地分析问题 以及在毫无准备的前提下用英语进行有效交流的能力。因为所有选手都有充足的时间准备已备演讲，所以 在这部分比赛中他们通常表现出色。但是到了即兴演讲部分很多人就变得言语结巴了。因此你若想取得前 几名的成绩，就必须在即兴演讲中取得高分。即兴演讲对于使用母语演讲的学生来说都是件难事， 对于使用第二语言演讲的学生来说就更是费力了。然而，它为你以后走出校门步人社会提供了极好的锻炼机会，因为到那时很多情况下都需要你立即清楚、 有力地表达出自己的观点。无论你在哪里演讲，成功的即兴演讲最重要的因素都是缜密的思维和有条理的组织。在比赛中，你有 三分钟时间发表即兴演讲。首先确定你要阐述的两至三个主要观点，然后简明、清楚地加以讨论。必要时 使用实例、数据或证来支持你的观点。因为很多即兴演讲题目都是在问你个人的观点，你可以在演讲中 充分利用自己的经历。。最重要的是，一定要避免漫谈和重复。阐明一个观点之后就接下去谈下一个。你 可用“第一”、“第二”、“第三”这样的路标来明确每一个新观点的出现，以方便观众理解。当你的演 讲接近尾声时，要用简练的话语作结，并为观众的关注表示感谢。当你发表即兴演讲时，无论内心多么紧张也要表现得冷静、镇定。回顾前面谈怯场时我们曾提到：尽 管你内心紧张得发抖，观众看到的只是你的外显行为。如果你在演讲中发错音或忘记了思路，不要恐慌， 即使你犯一个小错误，观众很有可能无所察觉，你只需像什么都没发生过一样继续你的演讲。如果有一个 较大的失误，你只需大胆地说：“对不起，我的本意是说……”等等诸如此类的话，之后继续你的演讲。马丁?路德?金发表《我有一个梦想》这一演说的时候也有过三次失误，但他并未理会这些过失，而观众 始终关注的也只是他所要表达的内容。像已备演讲一样，在即兴演讲部分你也要练习与观众保持眼神交流，避免有声停顿。你打磕巴、思索 恰当词语的次数越少，那么你看起来就越加完美、自信。如果你能够有一个让观众听起来清楚、稳重的语 速，在演讲的过程中始终保持沉着、冷静，那么你将有更大的机会赢得评委们的好感。尽管比赛前你不可能知道即兴演讲的题目，但这并不意味着不到上场前你就无从准备。当你准备好参 赛，就可以请指导给出一些例题，你来练习当场发表即兴演讲来作答。在演练的过程中，尤其要注意 我们前面提出的所有建议。练习的初期阶录下自己演讲的声音，以检查自己语言的逻辑性、清晰性、连 贯性以及发音的准确性。在练习的后期，你可用摄像机录下自己的表现，确保自己看起来自信，始终保持 眼神交流，避免分散注意力的手势或习惯动作。下面我们给出一段非常好的即兴演讲的例子，是 2002 年比赛的冠军选手孙宁当时所作的演讲。他即兴 演讲的题目是“假如你是中国第一名登月的宇航员，你可以在月球上留下三件物品，那么你会留下哪三 件？” 谢谢!如果我是中国第一位登上月球的宇航员，我会带下列三件物品：首先，我要带一个玩具，更确切 地说是一个小型的玩具熊猫。熊猫是我们中国的国宝。众所周知，我们中国的自然环境、生态环境以及自 然气候是得天独厚的。大家也都知道四川是熊猫最佳的天然栖息地。当你看到熊猫那滑稽的外表，憨态可 掬的举止，你会发现它有着温和的习性。它同其他物种相处和谐，和大自然和平共处，这些都是我们需要 向大熊猫学习的。其次，我会带一件手工艺品，那就是传统的中国绘画。我小的时候学过几年传统中国绘画，所以我希 望这幅画是我画的。在我学画画的时候，我就知道留意画中蕴含的东西更为重要。在典型的中国绘画中你 也可以看到一首诗――通常是用隽秀的中国书法书写而成，此外上面还会有一个印章。中国绘画通常是临 摹秀丽的中国风景。最后，我想带一张世界地图。也许你们中间有些人会感到很惊讶，为什么不是中国地图呢？从各方面 而言，我知道自己是一个中国人，然而我也意识到了在这个世界联系日益密切的时代，我们还是世界的公 民。我不能把我的视线仅仅局限在中国国界中，我要把目光放远，我也应该清楚我们国界以外的海洋和陆 地也是广阔的。走出国门去了解它们对于我们来说是很重要的。我的讲话完了，谢谢! 上面一字不差就是孙宁当时演讲的原稿，你可能发现到他在措辞中犯了一些小错误，但整篇演讲内容 清晰、思维连贯、组织有序，以至于没有人会注意到那些细小的错误。读这篇稿子的时候，请注意孙宁是 如何一开始便明确他要带上月球的三件物品。之后，演讲的过程中，他又这样引出所选的三件物品首先，我要带一个玩具，更确切地说是一个小型的玩具熊猫。其次，我会带一件手工艺品，那就是传统的中国绘画。最后，我想带一张世界地图。这样的结构组织简明、清晰。孙宁将三个主要观点阐述得清楚、简洁，在三个观点上分配了几乎平等 的注意力。在整个演讲的过程中，他从没有徘徊不前或偏离主题。他给人的印象是一个很好地控制自己思 维的自信的演讲者。的确，即使这篇演讲由一位母语为英语演讲者创造，也称得上是非常出色的。当然，针对不同的题目要有不同的回答。但任何一位演讲者针对任何主题发表即兴演讲，其成功的基 本要素都是一样的。如果你能牢记我们所讨论的成功要素进行练习，你将有更大的机会在即兴演讲中取得 成功。从辩论题目和题目看即兴演讲的解题范围 (1)1.13Many teachers assign homework to students every day. Do you think that daily homework is necessary for students? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. (2)1.14 是否要在繁忙时间对繁忙路段课税 (3)1.19 Agree or disagreeMost people often let others make decisions for them rather than make decisions by themselves. (4)1.26speaking important or writing important? (5)2.3 看电视比看书学的多 (6)3.3Because people are too busy doing many things，they can do few things well. (7)3.4intoday's world, the ability to cooperate well with others is more important than before. Agree or not (8)3.10 老师给学生自信比教专门知识更重要 (9)3.23 你喜欢看严肃题材的电影还是商业题材的电影？ (10)4.21 电影和电视［movies and television］对年轻人的行为方式［the way young people behavior］主要是消极的影响。给出理由。(11)4.29there are so many events happening everyday in the world, we don't have to know (12)5.18It is better to spend money on something that lasts for a long time, such as an expensive piece of jewelry or spend on something that provides a short-term pleasure such as a vacation? (13)5.19 教师是否应该获得跟 doctors,lawyers,business leaders 一样的收入 (14)6.920years from now, people will have more leisure time(15)6.16Do you agree or disagree with the following statementParents find it hard to control their children for the children are now influenced by many things outside home like television or movie. (16)6.24Do you prefer to finish a project completely then to another one or do two or several projects at a time? (17)6.30 letting a friends make a mistake is better than saying or doing something that may destroy your friendship. (18)7.7university students should be required to take basic science classes even if they are not part of the field of the study. (19)7.14To truly understand world event, we should get our television cannot provide enough information. (20)7.21Modern society has become more complex, so it is essential for the young people to have the ability to plan and organize. (21)7.28Inuniversity students should take the history courses no matter what field they study. (22)8.4Agree or disagreeThe next twenty years from now on, students will not use printed books any more. (23)8.11The only effective way to encourage energy conservation is by increasing prices of gasoline and electricity. Do you agree or disagree? (24)8.17Do you agree or disagree with the following statementThe advice you take from the friends who are older than you is valuable than that taken form. the friends at your age (25)8.25Do you agree or disagreeSchools should not pay so much attention to general objects but should help students prepare for specific careers and jobs. (26)9.8 Ateacher’s ability to relate with the students is more important than have sufficient knowledge being taught. (27) 9.15working together is better than working alone. Do you agree or disagree? (28)9.22Do you agree or disagreeThe extended family (grandparents, aunt, uncle, cousins) is less important than it was before? (29) 9.29when relaxing, some people like to spend time alone. What's your opinion?(30) 10.17 大学应不应该要求所有的学生都学习除了本国文化以外的文化？ (31)10.20Some people think one’s working is more important than being with one’ s family, do you agree? (32)10.27 研究动物有没有对认识 human nature 有帮助 (33)11.3 有很多钱不工作的人都不快乐，你支持否 (34) 11.11 Advertisements make products seem better than they are. Do you agree or disagree? (35) 11.24 People will spend less time in cooking and preparing food in 20 years later. Do you agree or disagree? (36) 12.1 People should not pay for the public transportation. Do you agree or disagree? (37) 12.8Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertisements are a waste of company's money and energy because consumers know what they want to buy. (38)12.10 咱们的生活比父辈的生活 easier and more comfortable (39) 12.15 该重视学习 concepts &ideas 呢，还是重视学习 facts 呢？ (1)9.15 现在信息很多，人们不知道是否该听谁的，真假难辨 (2)9.23THE MOST IMPORTANT EDUCATION FOR STUDENTS 是不是在 CLASSROOM 和 SCHOOL 实现的问题。(3)10.8 问 car use20 年后会减少，你同意吗？来源： (4)10.15knowledge learned through study 和 ability to be creative 那个重要。(5)10.21 选课挑难的，即使分数不高也在所不惜。(6)10.22 现在这个年代，一个人想一辈子呆在一个工作是不可能的，是不现实的。你是否同意这个观点？ (7)10.28 would you agree that young people enjoy life more better than older people。(8) 10.29 新能源(太阳能、风能)很快会代替传统能源(天然气、煤)。(9) 11.3 为大工作好还是为小公司工作好 (10) 11.5 agree or disagree that Pro. gives the same grade to all the members of a project group (11) 11.17 工作为了快乐还是 MONEY？ (12) 11.18 The best way to travel is in a group led by the guide. (13) 11.19 选课根据爱好还是将来工作和职业的需要？ (14) 12.1Do you agree or disagree with the opinion thatThe influence of classmates are more important than that from the parents on the children.？ (15)12.3 Grades(marks) encourage students to learn (16)12.8 It is better to broad knowledge of many academic subjects than specialize on one specific subject. (17)12.10 把土地给人用是不是比给濒危动物用更重要 (18)12.15 有的人认为网络给人们带来了大量的信息，好啊，也有的人觉得这些信息带 来了麻烦，你的观点 (19)12.16 同意不同意：一个聪明的朋友比一个幽默的朋友重要 Topic raisedSome people say that self-confidence is the most important element of success? What do you think? What other facts are essential for one's success? Please give some examples.Ladies and gentlemen, I beleive that self-confidence is the most important element of success. Great confident man can be seen everywhere in every generation. 500 years ago, Christopher Columbus was self-confident when he set sail on a new journey, changed the course of history and shaped the character of the new world. 200 years ago, two Americans are self-confident when they left Saint Louis to explore the new lands acquired by the Louisiana Purchase. They made that journey in the spirit of self-confidence, to find the potential of vast new territories and to chart a new way for the others to follow.Inspired by all that has come before and guided by clear objectives, today, we are self-confident when we set a new course on our space expolration program. We will build new ships to carry men forward into the universe, to gain our foothold on the moon, and to prepare for the new journey to the world beyond our own. But ladies and gentlemen, self-confidence alone is not enough. Thus, I believe that hardworking is another fact to success. If Hugh Miller, after toling all day in a quarry, had devoted his evenings in rest and recreation, he would never become a famous geologist. The celebrated mathematician, Edmund Stone, would never have published a mathematical dictionary, nor will he find the key to science or mathematics if he had given his spare moments to idleness. Had the little Scotch lad, Furgeson, allow his brain to go to sleep when he tended sheep on the hillside, instead of calculating the positions of the stars by a string of beads, he would never have become a famous astronomer. Ladies and gentlemen, I prepared hard before this competition, and standing here now, I am self-confident. To me, the journey of success never ends, and there is no final victory to claim. I see a great day coming, and I'm eagar for the work ahead. Thank you. HostLast February, Chun Shu, a Chinese writer in her early twenties, appeared on the cover of Time magazine. She was referred to by the U.S. Editor as &... one of a group of post-eighties writers in China.& Which also includes Guo Jingming, Zhang Yueran and Han Ham All these writers recount their personal feelings and express their individuality in their works, and they have a large group of readers and supporters. However, there is some concern that the cynical attitude towards life that they express might have a negative effect on young readers. Do you also fear it will have such negative effects? Thanks. Thank you for your question.Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. My topic of today's speech is &Make our Voice Heard.& Today I would like to argue in two park. First, I would like to argue why people are afraid that literatures will set a negative effect on our lives. And second part I will share some of my thoughts with you. 开宗明义。演讲人首先明确的告知听众演讲的主题，使用 brief introduction sentence to get attention。在临场的匆忙之中仍然想出来一个很好的题目 Make Our Voice Heard，并 且将自己的论述分为两部分，有条不紊，令人感叹。Why those people are afraid of these kind of literature? I'm afraid that they are afraid of that teenagers are liked to imitate others. And teenager is just a crucial point for us to shape our personality, our view of life, and our value of the world. They're afraid of that we follow the bad example and lead a bad life in the future.And that's why my parents, my family, and even the government would like to propose where thought those kind of literature as cynical ones. 本段讨论人们对此类文学作品表示忧虑的原因：担心青少年模仿。思路很清晰。也正是在正 文中 cover the main points。但大概由于临场的因素，出现了一些浯法方面的错误，如I'm afraid of that…，they are afraid of that…，虽然不影响理解，仍然是个遗憾。演讲人将《麦田守望者》与郭敬明的作品相比较，为下文打下铺垫。用文学名著作为论证的 材料，很有说服力。But I would like to share some of my thoughts with you. Before I read the book of Mr. Guo Jingming's novel, I read another fiction called the Catcher the Rye. In that book, I also read sex, violence, murder, and rebellion. But that book was regarded as one of the masterpiece in American history and awarded the Pulitzer Prize. I could not see any difference between Mr. Guo Jingming's novel and The Cateber in the Rye, because they expressed the attitude as our teenagers and adolescents we feel about the world. Now let me give you my three reasons, why we can read this kind of a book and f am not afraid of tile fears of the side effect. First, those literatures are not all bad. They have some positive points. They advocate friendship, love, loyalty, and so on. One of my roommates even cried after reading those books, He said that it is the first.., it was the first time in his life that he felt that a friendship was that precious, because the stories depicted in his novel, reflect him of the old times he spent in his high school. And he bought four books of Mr. Guo Jingming's Never Flowers in Never Dream (Meng Li Hua Luo Zhi Duo Shao) and sent them to his friends. And his friends wrote a long letter to him. I think this is what we lack today, the communication between friends. But the literature seems to bridge the gap. 本段从三个方面指出此类作品不会产生负面影响的原因。首先指出第一个作品本身亦有其可 取之处。并以其宦友的亲身经历为例作出了令人信服的论证。这样就使演讲 personalized， so that audience can relate more easily to personal topics―they probably have similar experiences． And the second reason is that we are not living in a world where everything is depicted as good. We are living in a world of good and evil, evil and holy. So, to that extent, if I am confined in a world where everything is depicted as good, I will feel quite perplexed when I am facing the real world. Does the real world really resemble what I read in the novel? We need something positive, also we need something cynical.And the third reason is that our generation, I believe, have the sense of self-discipline. We can make our own decision. For our parents, for our families and for the government, they should resume, assume the responsibility to remind us that what is good, what is bad, what is cynical Make our voice be heard. This is my answer and I am not afraid of tile side effects of those literature. Thank you very much. 本段谈论演讲人的第二个观点：世界亦非完美无暇，文学就应该反应真实的世界。最后一点原因：当代年轻人可以自律。至此就分别从文学作品、社会、个人三个方面透彻地 阐释了演讲人的观点。也正是通过从不同角度的分析，使听众接受演讲人的观点。这一段中 也出现了较为明显的问题。HostAnd, the topic for your speech will be... In spite of the fact that there is cutthroat competition within the film industry in China, there continues to be a steep increase in the number of applicants for places at Chinese art institutes. According to a Beiiing-based newspaper, more than ten thousand applicants waited in line on a single day to register to apply for the Beijing Film Academy. How do you perceive this struggle for stardom? Thank you for the difficult question. Well, to be honest with you, I'm not really familiar with the struggle for stardom thing in China. But in the city where I come from, there is this also as cutthroat as the one in Beijing here competition going on, and perhaps I can share with you the experience we have there. Let me tell you something. In the city where I come from, there is this famous singing competition going on every week. And what they do is that pick the best one, and the best one goes to the next week and it goes on and on until one day that person is eliminated. 开场白中 difficult 的使用充分显示了演讲人的机智。因为这与普通的接题方式 Thank you for the question 不同。演讲者是香港人，虽然她对主持人所问的内地的情况 不甚了解，是一大劣势，但她却巧妙的地使用 but 转而谈到香港的情况；also 的使用使演 讲的主题不变。同时听众理解到演讲者要从另外一个角度解释同一个问题。这种角度的变换 使演讲者的劣势变成了优势。听众既为其率真而打动， 又为其智慧而折服。there's this And little five year old boy, and he has won five consecutive championships, and then, of course, there were interviews and the news coverage, and everything. And when the general public read the newspaper. They frown at it. They said, &what a silly idea, to think about becoming a star.& And when Andy Lau -- I'm sure all of you blow him, tile famous singer and actor -- when he read the newspaper, he said, &Wow, that's great! But ask the boy to work hard. It's not easy.&这里演讲人以演唱比赛为切人点， 以小男孩的参舞， 点出了香港人对当明星十分热衷。以此呼应主持人提问。并且演讲人 Support points with specifics．以典型的例子支持 论点。明星刘德华在内 地有很高的知名度，他的勤奋也是众所周知，以他的话为例，让人 十分信服。本段对 general public 和 Andy Lau 不同态度的对 比，可以引起听众的思考。对比之中必有抑扬，也让听众对下段演讲人过渡到自己的观点有了思 想上的准备 Ladies and gentlemen, I think if we use the word &struggle&, isn't it a bit too negative? I think better word for it is &strive.& Being a star is also profession. It is also a job that you need to work hard at. Success does not come easy. Well, if we take a look at famous actors and actresses such as lackie Chart, Chow Yun Fat, Andy Lau, Tony Lun, they are all in their mid-forties, and even fifties. Yet, what do they have in common? When they first became..., when they first started their careers as a star, or as an actor, they were described as &Cinema Poison,& meaning nobody would see their films. But did they give up? No, they didn't, they didn't give up. They have been working hard all the way. And now they are famous. All over the world. All over Asia. And are they proud of themselves? Well, I suppose so. But still they work very hard. Look at Andy Lau. He's still striving for the best all the time. Every year are awards. 本段中演讲人明确地提出了自己的观点。并且在临场仍然明确地区分 struggle 和 strive，显示出演讲人深厚的语言功底。演讲人接着由例子过渡到谈话主题：当明星是一种 职业，巧妙地把 struggle 的主题过渡到 strive，进而谈到 Being a star is also a profession．把不熟悉的主题 struggle 过渡到谈明星的成功这个比较熟悉的话题。这种演 讲技巧十分重要，因为在短暂的几十秒钟内谈论一个十分陌生的话题，实在有难度，但是这 位演讲者的巧妙过渡，既没有跑题，又谈了熟悉的话题，因此这种技巧值得学习。同时，本 段列举众多内地观众十分熟悉地明星成名经历作为 brief examples，做论据，支持自己的 观点，使论据可靠而有力。这两话 Al lover the world．All over Asia．若能调换顺序， 就更加顺畅 Ladies and gentlemen, I think there's nothing wrong if you want to be a star. It's a profession. It's a job that everybody can work for it if you really want it. But there are qualities that you need to possess if you want to be a star. Of Course you have to be hard-working, like Andy Lau, like Chow Yun Fat. They're all very hard-working And there is also something very, important. It is you have to have a genuine interest in this film industry. This genuine interest is very important. Because a lot of people are interested in the money, instead of the job. They just look at the statistics, like just now I was waiting in my room and I was reading this news article, there's a chart telling the people how many...well, how much those stars in China are making, l/Veil, if you are only attracted by those statistics, by the figures, the money, well, then, I do not think you can be a star. There are people who have a genuine interest in becoming a singer, like there are people who have been taking acting classes, who have been acting in secondary schools, in college like that. They have a genuine interest. Yet, then go for it.本段讨论了成为明星的第三个素质：感兴趣[genuine Interest]，并且列举了生活中 的一些实例[people only interested in money rather than film industry)来论证自己 的观点。这样在立论的同时也驳斥了为金钱而当明星的错误观点。有立有废，论证严谨 Ladies and gentlemen, well, I think the competition is also good. When there's a competition, we can ensure the quality. When there's no competition, well, we have to have whatever is given to us. When there's competition, we can pick what we want. Isn't that something good? Ladies and gentlemen, it is what I think for that struggle for stardomThank you very much. 结论部分是 one―sentence review of the points she presented in her talk．由 “为当明星而打拼”引申到一般意义上的竞争，既紧扣主题，又加以升华。以一个反问句 Isn't it something good?结尾，进一步强化了演讲人的观点。这样的结尾达到了 short and to the point 的效果。通过 Ladies and gentlemen 提示听众演讲接近尾声，重提主持人的 问题，以告知听众她一直围绕这个主题展开演讲，给听众一个完整的结尾。本篇是获得第 10 届“21 世纪?外教社杯”全国英语演讲比赛季军的香港选手张阿旭的即兴 演讲。演讲充分显示了演讲人的机敏、临场应变能力和扎实的语言功底。通篇逻辑十分的清 晰，而且演讲人娓娓道来，丝毫没有演讲的做作，却又极富感染力。在即兴演讲这一部分， 本篇演讲人明显高人一筹。据演讲者本人介绍，这与她所在的要求学生做很多即兴的 presentationn 即兴演讲（impromptu speech），顾名思义，就是指临场的、毫无准备的演讲。在前面所 提到的两大比赛中，即兴演讲所占时间为 1~3 分钟，分值所占比重为 30%~40%，在比赛中的 地位十分重要。如果参赛选手想要取得优秀的成绩，那么就一定要在该部分取得高分。即兴演讲对于使用母语演讲的人来说都非常困难， 更何况是使用非母语演讲的选手？这部分 非常具有挑战性，主要选手多方面能力：思维能力、逻辑能力和语言能力。思维能力是 指选手在毫无准备的情况下对某一问题的分析能力， 对问题理解的深度和宽度等； 逻辑能力 主要指选手是否有全局观， 是否能合理搭筑整个演讲的框架， 所阐述观点的层次性是否清晰； 而语言能力则是指选手即席用英语进行交流沟通的能力， 可检验选手的英语语言熟练度和准 确度如何。那么如何应对即兴演讲呢？ 在定题演讲部分， 我们讨论了衡量一篇演讲好坏的普遍原则。这些原则对所有类型的演讲都 适用，即兴演讲也不例外。在做即兴演讲时，也要从以下四个方面着手：内容、结构、语言 以及台上演讲风格等。内容 在讨论即兴演讲的内容之前，先了解几个在近几年大赛即兴演讲中出现的题目。Is marking western holidays a sign of a modern China or of traditions sacrificed to commercial interestsDo you think university education should be more open-minded? Are we becoming too susceptible to advertising? Which qualities do you look for in a boyfriend? If you were one representative of Peoples Congress, what advice would you give the government? 题目还有很多，这里就不一一列举了。通过这几个题目，大致可以看出即兴演讲的题目 涉及方方面面，从经济、政治、教育、文化、人生到国际问题，包罗万象。这也是即兴演讲 具有极强挑战性的原因之一。题目的范围之大之广对参赛选手提出了很高的要求。要求演 讲者平时养成读书看报的习惯， 关注周围发生的焦点问题和国际时事， 积累各个领域的素材， 以便谈论起某一个话题时言之有物，有的放矢；要求演讲者平时养成思考的习惯，多听不同 的声音，从不同角度看问题，看问题有想法、有深度。这些都是赛前的准备工作，应多积累、 丰富自己的知识内容，强化自己的观点。那么在比赛当中，又该怎样具体应对呢？ 正如前面所讲的，好的内容包括好的主题以及有说服力的材料做支持。在即兴演讲中， 更要注意这两点。1．强有力的材料做支持 正如前面讨论过的那样，论据的类型最基本可分为三种：实例、统计数字以及引用别人 的言语。对于即兴演讲来说，现场能够找到恰当的统计数字是非常困难的。因此在即兴演讲 时， 引用别人的言语和用实例来证明是最常见的两种方式。那么应该选择哪种类型的例子来 做论据呢？在比赛现场上进行即兴演讲时， 最切实可行的、 最容易做到的就是用自己或自己 周围发生的例子来说明你的观点，信手拈来，不用绞尽脑汁，演讲起来最自如，最自信；这 样做无形之中也强化了自己的可信度，比较容易打动听众。如在“21 世纪(爱立信杯”2003 年第 8 届全国英语演讲比赛中获得第二名的南京大学学生王媛在即兴演讲中是这样说的， &If indeed I had a chance to choose for my life again, I think the time setting I would choose is in the late 1970s and the early 1980s. That was when the Chinese government began to adopt the policy of reform and openness. And the place setting I would choose is in some places in the western part of China. Why? Let me share with you my reasons. Well, when I firstly saw this, errr, heard this topic, I think it reminded me of an experience a few years ago. I still clearly remember that, uhh, at that time, some fellow students and I went to visit a primary school in a very poor village and we were working as tutors there. There, all the classrooms were in a very old building and many windows and doors were broken, so, when it was raining, all the children had to move to a corner in order not to get wet. Inside the classroom, fiveto six children were sharing one desk normally shared by two and many of the desks and chairs were broken, too. And immediately after we began to teach them English, it became very clear to us that many of these students were very diligent and were very willing to work hard. But later on, as we talked among ourselves, we got to know that they, many of them, could not finish their schooling just because of poverty. I think that this experience enabled us to see that we belong to a few group of, a group of few people that are fortunately enough to receive a college education.& 这段演讲是她真情实感的流露， 表达起来自如， 而且自信， 也容易和听众进行真正的交流。在选择使用论据时，尤其是在竞赛当中，需要特别注意以下两个原则 （1）演讲的支持材料要切题。所选择的支持材料要为你的中心观点或主题服务，不能偏离这一点，不能跑题。记得一 个学生在参加比赛时，抽到的即兴演讲题目是， “中国成为世界贸易组织的成员对于我们国 家有什么主要影响？”她在演讲中讲了一个很长的故事，一个年轻人在海边拾贝壳，碰到了 一个老人，以及和这个老人之间展开的对话。这个故事占了整个演讲的三分之二，然后很牵 强地把这个故事和她抽到的题目联系在一起。尽管她的故事叙述得很流利， 但在整个即兴演 讲结束后， 听众仍然不知她对这个问题的回答是什么？很显然， 演讲者在赛前准备了几个故 事，准备在即兴演讲时使用。的确，在赛前要做充分的准备，准备各个领域的数据、例子、 权威专家的话等，做好充分的调研，以便在比赛中游刃有余。但切记你所选择的支持材料一 定要与主题相关，为主题服务，能够帮助听众更加深入地了解你的观点，决不能哗众取宠。不切题的即兴演讲绝不会得高分。（2）演讲的支持材料要贴近听众。演讲的支持材料最好是听众熟悉的，贴近听众，不仅有利于听众理解、接受和吸收你的 信息，而且容易产生共鸣。笔者作为辅导教师参加过多次的全国英语演讲比赛，在比赛中发 现了一个很奇怪的现象。有很多学生举例子或引用别人的话时， 往往愿意用国外的例子或国 外名人说的话来支持他们的论点。学生也许有些许担心， “如果用土生土长的例子，外国评 委可能会不知道，不了解背景，会影响他们对整个演讲的评判。”然而在一次比赛中，一位 来自美国的演讲专家在做点评时说到， “不用担心我们会不了解，或听不懂。问题是作为一 个外国人，我们在这里希望听到有关你们国家的人、事、思想、文化，而不是我们国家的名 人如林肯、克林顿，他们说了什么，干了什么。”他一语道破了问题的关键，演讲者所说的 要和你的听众拉近距离，讲一些本地发生的事情，发生的事情对听众产生了什么样的影响， 用当地的文化、理念来解释你的观点，这样更容易在听众中产生共鸣。但并不是说就一定不 能用国外的例子或观点。要全方位地选择论据，选择恰当的材料为你的观点服务。在“21 世纪(澳门之星杯”2006 年第 11 届全国英语演讲比赛中复旦大学的胡懿在即兴 演讲（Should laws be fixed or flexible?）中是这样说的， &Well, actually, very accidentally this morning, when we were sort of &imprisoned& in that preparing room, actually we had a fierce debate over law. And now I would like to share some of my thoughts with you on whether we should adopt flexible laws or fixed laws. Well, first of all, I admit that there are some cases of injustice in our society. For example, last year there was a famous case of Wang Bingyu, which aroused a great controversy in society. Actually Wang Bingyu was a migrant worker, who failed for several times to get his payment from his boss. And obviously that boss treated him very badly. He didnt send him to hospital when he was ill, and he didnt treat him with very good food and also made him make, do extra work without any extra money. And out of a rage, Wang killed several of the, several people in charge, out of a great rage. And that case aroused a great controversy in society. Actually when I read the story, I did show some sympathy for that guy, because I think it was the fault of the boss in the first place. It was him that didnt pay him the payment that he deserved. So I feel sympathetic for him.& 她讲述了一个在我国曾经轰动一时的， 台下的听众可能听说过， 也可能不知道这个 故事，但这毕竟是发生在听众周围的，贴近听众，这样听众便会很容易理解演讲者所要传达 的信息。在一分钟的即兴演讲中， 你用具体的事例来仔细阐述观点的时间可能非常受限。在这一 分钟之内， 你很可能只给出主要观点的框架， 那么要想真正打动听众恐怕要依赖于主题和观 点到底如何。2．好的主题与观点 在前面谈过选择题目或角度时应遵循的一些具体原则， 如题目和角度一定是你有切身 感触的；应该具有创造性，是听众感兴趣的；应该具体；应真实而有意义；所选择的观点或 角度一定能经得起推敲和琢磨，是全面的。除了这些基本原则外，在比赛过程中处理即兴演 讲时，还应该特别强调两点：切题和严谨。（1）切题切题最重要。一般而言，选手拿到的题目都是以问题的形式出现的。你需要表明在这个 问题上的立场和观点，决不可以含糊其词，态度闪烁不定，站在中间，既谈好处又谈弊端。如果坚持这样，那么评委和听众就会认为你是在逃避，你的观点不明确，态度不明朗，那也 就很难胜出。这点在 CCTV 杯演讲比赛中尤其重要，因为即兴演讲是为以后的辩论做准备。例如在 2005 年 CCTV 杯演讲比赛中，一位学生抽到的题目是, “Who should be the focus of investment in sports, the general population or potential Olympic champions?”当 时他的回答是不偏不倚的，很显然二者都应该被照顾到，给予资金的扶持。但问题是，在这 种情况下，他必须要做出选择，而不能徘徊于两者之间。否则，评委和听众就会怀疑你的态 度和出发点，演讲效果自然也就大打折扣。（2） 观点的严谨性 观点不能偏激，一定要严谨。这里的严谨有以下几层意思。* 观点本身能够站得住脚，有充足的材料可以说明论证。* 表达观点的语言本身要严谨， 准确， 尽量避免绝对化的字眼， “never, every, all, 如 nothing, nobody“等}