《新概念英语第二册笔记》
《新概念英语第二册笔记》日期：
新概念英语第二册笔记 Lesson 1private conversation theatre seat play loudly 声地 angry 气的 angrily 气地 attention bear business rudelyadj. 私人的 n. 谈话 n. 剧场，戏院 n. 座位 n. 戏 adv. 大adj. 生adv. 生n. 注意 v. 容忍 n. 事A private conversation 【New words and expressions】生词和短语（12）adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地adj.私人的 ★private ① adj. 私人的 private life 私生活 private school 私立学校It's my private letter. （如果妈妈想看你的信） It's my private house. （如果陌生人想进你的房子） ② adj. 普通的private citizen 普通公民 I’m a private citizen. private soldier 大兵《Private Ryan》（《拯救大兵瑞恩》 ） （citizen n. 公民） public adj. 公众的，公开的（private 的反义词） public school 公立学校 public letter 公开信 public place 公共场所 privacy n.隐私这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的) n.谈话It’s privacy. ★conversationhave a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词 conversation 一般用于正式文体中, 内容上往往不正式 subject of conversation话题They are having a conversation.talk 内容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人 Let’s have a talk.dialogue 对话, 可以指正式国家与国家会谈 China and Korea are having a dialogue.chat 闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。 gossip 嚼舌头, 说长道短 ★theatre cinema n.剧场, 戏剧 n.电影院 n.座位★seathave a good seat/place，这里的 seat 指 place(指地点)，而不是 chair. take a seat/take your seat 坐下来, 就坐 Is the seat taken? 这个位置有人吗? 请坐的 3 种说法 : Sit down, please. (命令性) Take your seat, please. Be seated, please. (更礼貌) 作为动词的 seat 与 sit 的区别 sit（sat，sitten） vi. 就座 He is sitting there.他坐在那儿。seat vt.让某人就座seat sb. 让某人就坐，后面会加人 Seat yourself.You seat him.你给他找个位置. When all those present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture. A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seatedsit down 坐下；be seated=take a seat 就坐★angry adj. 生气的 ★angrily adv. 生气的 angry =crossI was angry. /He was cross. annoyed: 恼火的; be blue in the face 脸上突然变色 程 度 加 深I was annoyed. I was angry/cross. I was very angry.I am blue in the face. (脸色都青了, 相当生气了)5 新概念英语第二册笔记 ★attention n. 注意Attention ,please. 请注意(口语) pay attention注意对……注意pay attention to …You must pay attention to that girl. pay a little attention 稍加注意 pay much attention 多加注意 pay more attention 更多注意 pay no attention 注意不用注意 pay close attention 特别 ★bear(bore, born)v. 容忍① vt. 承受，支撑，承担，负担 Can the ice bear my weight? Who will bear the cost?谁来承担这笔费用？② vt. 忍受（一般与 can/could 连用于疑问句及否定句中）She eats too fast. I can’t bear to watch/watching her. 她吃得太快。我看着受不了。 How can you bear living in this place? bear =stand =put up with I can't bear/stand you. endure:忍受,容忍put up with :忍受I got divorced（离婚）.I could not put up with him bear/stand/endure 忍受的极限在加大你怎么能受得了住在这个地方？ bear n.熊 white bear 白熊 bear hug :热情(热烈)的拥抱 give sb. a bear hug ★business n. 事, 生意 ① n. 生意 business man :生意人 do business: 做生意go to some place on business:因公出差 I went to Tianjin on business. ② n. 某人自己的私人的事情It's my business. (指私人的事, 自己处理的事) It's none of your business. 不关你的事。 ★rudely adv. 无礼地, 粗鲁地 rude adj. 粗鲁的，无礼的 ★pay vt. &vi. 支付 6新概念英语第二册笔记 ① vt. &vi. 支付（价款等） Have you paid the taxi-driver?You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds… I’ll pay by instalments.I paid 50 dollars for this skirt. （pay…for sth. ② vt. &vi. 给予（注意等）；去（访问） They did not pay any attention.We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday. ③ n. 工资，报酬 salary wageI have not received my pay yet. 我还没有领到工资。 您可以先付 30 英镑的定金……花/支付……（钱）买……）上星期天我们去拜访了老师。 【Text】Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angril y. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again.
参考译文：上星期我去看戏. 我的座位很好, 戏很有意思, 但我却无法欣赏. 一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身 后, 大声地说着话. 我非常生气, 因为我听不见演员在说什么. 我回过头去怒视着那一男一女, 他们却毫不 理会. 最后, 我忍不住了, 又一次回过头去, 生气地说 : “我一个字也听不见了!”“不关你的事, “那男的毫不客气地说, “这是私人间的谈话!” 【课文讲解】1、Last week I went to the theatre.动词 go 的原义是离开一个地方去另一个地方，与介词 to 连用后，常加上主语所要去的目的地来代表主语的动作目的。go to the +地点 表示去某地干嘛go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play 去剧场看戏 go to the cinema =see a film 去电影院看电影 go to the dairy 去牛奶店go to the + 人 + 's 表示去这个人开的店go to the doctor's 去看病；go to the butcher's 买肉 以下短语中名词前不加冠词：go to school 去上学；go to church 去做礼拜；go to hospital(医院) 去看病；go to bed 上床，睡觉； go home（跟 home 相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息）I am at home. 在家休息
2、I had a very good seat.seat 一般指戏院、汽车等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。 7新概念英语第二册笔记 the front seat of a car 汽车的前座 Take a seat, please. 请坐。 3、I did not enjoy it.enjoy vt. 欣赏，享受，喜爱① enjoy +n. 喜欢,从当中得到一种享受（后面不能跟人） I enjoy the music.enjoy the dinner/film/program/game ② enjoy oneself/代词 玩的开心 We always enjoy ourselves. ③ enjoy +动名词Jane doesn’t enjoy swimming. She enjoys going to the theatre. 4、I got very angry. get 在这里有“逐渐变得”的含义，接近 become，是个表示过程的动词，表示状态的变化。而 I was very angry 则仅表示当时的状态是生气，并不暗示过程。I am/was angry. 是一个事实 I got angry. 过程 It is hot. It got hot.got 取代 be 动词，got 是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词。 强调变化 5、I could not hear the actors. I turned round. hear+人:听见某人的话I could not hear you. Beg your pardon?I couldn't hear you./I couldn't hear a word./I couldn't catch your words. I couldn't hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words. Beg your pardon? /I couldn't catch your words. turn round =turn around 转身 6、In the end, I could not bear it.in the end 最后，终于，表示一段较长的时间之后或某种努力之后She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help. I could not bear it/you/the noise.7、I can't hear a word! I can't hear a word.美音:肯定 I can 否定,I can't, 它的/t/是吞进去的, 在读音上很难区别, 只能根据上下文来定 hear a word of sb. （a word 等于一句话）He didn't say a word.May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim? 8新概念英语第二册笔记 8、It's none of your business.one’s business 指某人（所关心的或份内）的事It's none of your business./None of your business./It's my business. 不关你的事。 It is my business to look after your health.我必须照顾你的身体健康。none 相当于 not any 或 no one，但语气较强。She kept none of his letters. 他的信件她一封也没有保留。none of 这个短语有时可以表达一种断然、甚至粗暴的口气，尤其是在祈使句中： None of your silly remarks! 别说傻话了！ 【Key structures】简单陈述句的语序陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号 6 when?1 Who? Which?2 Action3 Who? Which?4 How?5Where?6When?What? What?1 ---主语，一般由名词、代词或名词短语构成，通常位于动词之前，动词必须与主语一致，即主语决 定动词的单复数形式2 ---谓语，由动词充当3 ---宾语，一般为名词、代词或名词短语4 ---副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语 I like her very much 5 ---地点状语，一般在方式副词之后，时间副词之前 6 ---时间状语，可以放在句首或句末 简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语, 谓语. 如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配when and where 【Multiple choice questions】1 The writer turned round. He looked at the man and the woman angril y ___ ___ . a. and they stopped talking b. but they didn't stop talking c. but they didn't notice himd. but they looked at him rudelyI notice her.2 The young man and young woman were sitting behind him. He was sitting ___ ___ them. a. before b. above c. ahead of d. in front of behind:在……后面in front of 在……前面 (相对静止的概念)before 在……前面 (后面加词或句子，一般和时间相连)He arrived before six o'clock. before he came back above 在……上面在……前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为)9ahead of新概念英语第二册笔记 ahead of timeHe goes ahead of me.3 __ ___ did the writer feel? Angry. a. Where b. Whyc. Howd. When 特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问how(adv.)——对一个方式、状态提问，对形容词、副词、介词短语提问 4 The young man and the young woman paid ___ __ attention to the writer. a. noneb. anyc. not anyd. no any——用在否定句和疑问句中some——用在肯定句中none——代词，没有任何东西、没有任何人 None knows./None of us knows. not——否定词,要放在非实义动词后面not any=noHe didn't pay attention. no——形容词、修饰名词I don't have any friends./I have no friends. I have no time./I don't have any time. 5 The writer could not bear it. He could not ___ ___ it. a. carry bearb. suffer c. stand d. lift 忍受=standsuffer 遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)痛苦，suffer 后面必须加一种痛苦 I suffer the headache.（肉体上的痛苦） He often suffers defeat.（精神上的痛苦）（defeatn. 失败）
新概念英语第二册笔记 Lesson 2until outside ring aunt repeatprep. 直到 adv. 外面Breakfast or lunch? 【New words and expressions】生词和短语（5）v. （铃、电话等）响（rang, rung） n. 姑，姨，婶，舅母 v. 重复 ★until prep.直到until 用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中，它与 表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻：I’ll wait here until 5.我会在这里等到 5 点钟。直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的. 在否定句His father was alive until he came back. until 6. 她到 6 点才能来。 中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”：She cannot arrive His father didn't die until he came back.直到他回来,他爸爸才死. until（后的从句）的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做？做了前面的主句用肯定；没做前面的主句 用否定He ______(wait) until it stopped raining.A. waited C. didn't leaveB. didn't waitI stay in bed until twelve o'clock. I didn't get up until 12 o'clock. ★outside adv. 外面（作状语） He is waiting for me outside. It is cold outside. ★ring(rang. rung) v.(铃、电话等)响① vt. 鸣，(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事) Every morning the clock rings at 6. The telephone(door bell) is ringing.而风铃等响要用 jingle，jingle (bell) (铃儿) 响叮当 ② vt. 打电话给（美语中用 call） ring sb.给某人打电话Tomorrow I'll ring you. ③ n. （打）电话give sb. a ringRemember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me.④ n. 戒指 11新概念英语第二册笔记 ★aunt n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼) 男性则是 uncle: 叔叔他们的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin 的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女 ★repeat v. 重复 ① vt. 重复Will you repeat the last word? They are repeating that wonderful paly. ② vi. 重做，重说 Please repeat after me. Don’t repeat. 【Text】It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. 'I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.''But I'm still having breakfast,' I said.'What are you doing?' she asked. 'I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!' 参考译文：那是个星期天, 而在星期天我是从来不早起的, 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候. 上个星期天, 我起得 很晚. 我望望窗外, 外面一片昏暗. “鬼天气!” 我想, “又下雨了. “正在这时, 电话铃响了. 是我姑母露西打 来的. “我刚下火车, “她说, “我这就来看你. ““但我还在吃早饭, “我说. “你在干什么?” 她问道. “我正在吃早饭, “我又说了一遍.“天啊, “她说, “你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经 1 点钟了!” 【课文讲解】1、It was Sunday.it 指时间、天气、温度或距离，it 被称为“虚主语”（empty subject）。作为第三人称单数的中性代词， it 可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人：It is a lovely bab y. 2、I never get up early on Sundays.on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。 介词 on 一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day 当使用 last，next，this，that 时，介词（以及定冠词）必须省略： 12新概念英语第二册笔记 I’ll see you next/this Friday.never 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词) I don't like her.=I never like her. 3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. 在表达卧床时 bed 前不需加冠词： It’s time for bed now.You must stay/remain in bed for another two days. 你必须再卧床两天。 4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. just then: 就在那时如果不知道对方性别, 他/她可以用 it 取代 Who are you?/Who is it ? 5、I've just arrived b y train,by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数)；如果加修饰词, 就要换掉 by 用 in 或 on I go out by bus.I go out in/on two buses. （指具体的两辆车介词用 in/on） Long ago people could go to America onl y by ship/sea. 如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词： My aunt left by the 9:15 train. by air 乘飞机 by boat 乘船 by car乘小汽车路 by plane 由海路 by ship 乘火车by bicycle/bike 骑自行车 by bus 乘公共汽车 by land 由陆 乘飞机 by sea 乘船 bytrain 6、I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你.用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来，表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用法 的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join… 7、Dear me!天哪!英国人说 Dear me!或 My dear! 美国人说 : My god! 注意美英的发音不同. 【Key structures】现在进行时和一般现在时现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进 行时常与 now，just，still 等副词连用：I am working as a teacher. He is still sleeping. （现在还在睡觉）13新概念英语第二册笔记 Jane is just dressing up. 简正在打扮。一般现在时表示习惯性动作, 真理, 是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般与频率副 词 often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever 等连用。Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前, 非实义动词后；如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两 个之间；疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。在否定句中 not 必须放在 always 之前，而且也出现在 generally、 normally、often、regularly 和 usually 之前；not 必须出现在 sometimes 和 frequently 之后。表示肯定的速记 可以用在句尾；在特别强调和需要对比时，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually 等副词可 用于句首。I get paid on Friday usuall y.Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath.非实义动词 :① 系动词(be)② 帮助动词构成时态的助动词(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has)③ 情态动词(must, can, may) 除此之外都是实义动词. I frequently go to bed hungry. （形容词作状语）He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学.You must come here hungry.空腹来这里.【Special Difficulties】以 what 开头的感叹句：在英语中可用 what 引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情，在感叹中主谓语采用正常语 序。What 对名词感叹，感叹句的结构为：What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!What a good girl (she is)! （主、谓可省）有上下文和一定的语境, 才能省略形容词。一般省略形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。What a thing to say! 多么难听的话啊！What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!【Multiple choice questions】1.He doesn't get up early on Sundays. He gets up ____ .a. late b. lately c. slowly d. hardlylate 晚的lately =recently 最近的, 近来的.How are you going lately? 最近一段时间身体还好吗?2 He ___ ___ out of the window and saw that it was raining.a. lookedsee b. saw c. remarked d. watched look 表示看的动作，后面一定要加介词 表示看的结果，后面直接加宾语watch 表示观看，后面直接加宾语, 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西look at pictures (对)；watch pictures(错)14新概念英语第二册笔记3 a. food b. dinner c. lunchlunch 中餐 food 食物 d. mealdinner 正餐一天中最丰盛的那顿饭, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐. meal 一顿饭 15新概念英语第二册笔记 Lesson 3sendpostcardspoilmuseumpublic的 friendlywaiterlenddecisionwhole的single v. 寄，送 n. 明信片 Please Send Me a Card 【New words and expressions】生词和短语（11） v. 使索然无味，损坏 n. 博物馆 adj. 公共adj. 友好的 n. 服务员，招待员 v. 借给 n. 决定 adj. 整个adj. 唯一的，单一的v. 寄, 送 ★sendsend a letter 寄信send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 给某人送（寄）什么东西send/take children to school：take 强调某人亲自送；send 则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车take flowers to his wife 自己送send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送 ★postcard n. 明信片 两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音 name card /visiting card 名片Here is my name card. (口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作)ID card 身份证 （ID 身份）credit card 信用卡cash card现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(不能透支的那种)v. 使索然无味, 损坏这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。 ★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) ① vt. 弄坏，损坏，糟蹋 The sad news spoiled our weekend. The rain spoiled the school sports.This spoiled my day.What you said spoiled me.His arrival spoiled my holiday.② vt. 宠坏，惯坏，溺爱Don’t spoil your children. 不能太惯孩子。His parents spoiled the boy. 16新概念英语第二册笔记 spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃damage: 破坏, 程度不一定很重destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁以上三个是指物理上的破坏, 而 spoil 主要指精神上的 ★museumn. 博物馆 故宫 Palace Museum★public adj. 公共的① adj. 公共的，公众的，社会的There is a public library in this town.I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.② adj. 公开的，众人皆知的Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later.public house（酒吧）简称 pubpublic place 公共场所in public 公开的；in private 私下里的为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?)公众对他的解释很满意。 Let’s have a conversation in private. 让我们私下谈谈? Why not have a conversation in public? ③ n. 公众，群众，大众 The public is/are pleased with his explanation.他们的秘密会晤 20 年以后才被公开。 The museum is open to the public on Sunday.★friendly adj. 友好的friendly 是形容词，单独使用时一般做定语；作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语 in a friendlyHe is not very friendly to John. Shegave me a friendly greeting.He always greets me in a friendly way.以-ly 结尾的形容词还有 lovely，brotherly，fatherly，manl y，motherly ★waiterchief waiter n. 服务员, 招待员 领班商店里的店员n. （其他公共场所的）服务员v. 借给 waiter(男服务员), waitress(女服务员), 只出现在餐馆里 I want to see the chief waiter. 我要见你们的领班。 shop assistant attendant ★lendlend to（借出）：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.Can you lend me $20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow.borrow from（借进）：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. （borrow 不能用 borrow sb sth.）17新概念英语第二册笔记 He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet.★decision n. 决定make /take a decision 作出决定It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.Are you made/taken a decision?make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：伟大, 更重大)decidev. 决定adj. 整个的 ★wholea whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶the whole…，the whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks 整整两星期all th…，all the day (the 可省略) 整天all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加 theall of us；all of the students ★singleadj. 唯一的, 单一的 反义词 : double 双倍的【Text】Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens.A friendl y waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! 参考译文：明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我参观了博物馆, 还去了公园. 一位好客的 服务员教了我几句意大利语, 之后还借给我一本书. 我读了几行, 但一个字也不懂. 我每天都想着明信片 的事. 假期过得真快, 可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片. 到了最后一天, 我作出了一项重大决定. 我早早起了床, 买来了 37 张明信片. 我在房间里关了整整一天. 然而竟连一张明信片也没写成! 【课文讲解】1、Last summer, I went to Ital y.last：① adj. 上一个last summer 里的 last 表示 “上一个”② adj. 最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词 thethe last day 最后一天（具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用 on） 2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.Italian 于 Italy : 注意重读音的位置不同teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事18新概念英语第二册笔记 He teaches our English.(错)He teaches us English.(对)语言不可数, 所以要用 a little Italian 或 a few words of ItalianI can speak a little English/a few words of English.a few 可与复数可数名词连用，表示肯定，含有 some，a small number of（一些，少数几个）的意思。 The police would like to ask him a few questions.警察要问他一些问题。 3、Everyday I thought about postcards.think about/of 考虑, 思考，指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事, think of 还可指想到What do you think of?What do you think of TV program last night?What do you think of the weather today? 你觉得天气怎么样?think over 仔细考虑，反复思考What’s the weather like today?cold, chilly（非常非常冷）, freezeI'll freeze.我要冻僵了 4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! spend与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花（时间）”、“度过” spend+时间+地点 : 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间I spend three hours in the sea.I spend my weekend at my mother's.I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)spend 还可以表示“花钱”If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again.I can’t spend any more on this car.【Key structures】一般过去时一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不 指动作持续多久。Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?Yes, I caught a cold last winter. 【Special Difficulties】直接宾语与间接宾语双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果，动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标，动作是谁做的或为谁做的，通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾主前必须加“to” （表示动作对什么人做）或“for”（表示动作为什么人而做） 。give sb. sth./give sth to sb间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加 to(对……而言)或 for(为……而做)。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、 19新概念英语第二册笔记 “为”的，就用 for；如果只能翻译为“给”的, 就用 to与 to 相连的 give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe takeflowers to my wife.与 for 相连的 buy, order, make, findI buy a book for you .make a cake for youfind sth. for sb.do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 帮我一个忙I do something for you.Can I order something for you?Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意为我请你喝杯酒的意思 【Multiple choice questions】1 ___ ___ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach人做主语提问——who 对宾语提问——whom d. Whom did he teachwho 既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问, 而 whom 只能对宾语提问如果对主语提问, 则句子的语序和陈述句语序一样；如果对非主语来提问, 则句子要使用特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句的语序Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?2 He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer _ __ .a. friend b. as friends c. like friendsHe spoke to the writer like a friend. d. in a friendly wayin...way :以...方式, 作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语 in a friendly way3 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room ____ day.a. the hole b. the all c. all d. all ofall (the) dayall of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词 all of us；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the all of the friends all of my friends all of the students4 On the last day he made a big decision. It was the ___ __ day of his holiday.a. final b. end c. latest d. bottomfinal——形容词 end——名词/动词 latest——形容词 bottom——名词latest adj. 最新的latest news；latest style 新款5 He made a big decision. He ___ __ .a. thought about it b. made up his mind c. changed his mind d. made a wishthink about:考虑、思考、想 make up one's mind:下定决心make a wish : 许个心愿, 愿望, 许愿20 change one's mind:改变主意新概念英语第二册笔记 Lesson 4【New words and expressions】生词和短语（6）excitingreceivefirmdifferentcentreabroad adj. 令人兴奋的 v. 接受，收到 n. 商行，公司 adj. 不同的 n. 中心 adv. 在国外adj. 令人兴奋的adj. 令人兴奋的；excited An exciting trip ★exciting exciting adj. 兴奋的-ed: 自己感到 / -ing:令人感到The news exciting.exciting boy 令人兴奋的男孩I am excited.excitev. 激动 （这类动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到……） The news excited me.interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的；interested adj. 感到有意思的interesting manThe man is interesting.interest趣The book interests me. 那本书让我感到很有趣v. 对……感兴★receive v. 接受, 收到① vt. 接到，收到，得到When did you receive that letter?② vt. 招待，接待You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests. receive 是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚。receive/have a letter from sb.accept 同意接收This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it.take 则是主动的“拿”“取” 、I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.take 也可以作收到take the exam 接受考试； take advice 接受建议 ★firm n. 商行, 公司company n. 公司 21新概念英语第二册笔记 ★different adj. 不同的① adj. 不同的，相异的（经常与 from 连用）We are planning something different this year.My room is different from yours.② adj. 各种各样的，不同的This department store sells a large number of different things.这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。He has visited many different places in China.我们今年有不同的打算。 他去过中国的不少地方。★abroad adv. 在国外（副词, 直接和动词连用）go abroadlive abroadstudy abroad去国外 国外定居 国外学习 【Text】I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.参考译文我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信, 他正在澳大利亚. 他在那儿已经住了 6 个月了. 蒂姆是个工程师, 正在一家大公司工作, 并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了. 他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车, 现在去了澳大利亚 中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯. 他不久还将到达达尔文去, 从那里, 他再飞往珀斯. 我弟弟以前从未出过国, 因此, 他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心. 【课文讲解】1、I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.同位语：一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。 同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。This is John, one of my best friends.这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。 Mrs. Smith, my neighbore, has never been abroad. 2、He has been there for six months.one month；two months 注意读音I have arrived in Beijing.has been + in 地点He has been in Beijing for one year.He has been in America for tow years.（arrive 是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用）3、He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in22新概念英语第二册笔记 Australia.work for 在……上班/任职，强调 workI am working for a school.work in 强调地点（在哪个地方上班）I am working in the New Oriental school.work at 上班She works at a department store.a number of 后面一定要加可数名词复数；通常 number 前有 great，large，good，small，certain 等形容 词，数量大小也随之改变。a great number of 类似于, 约等于 a lot of；A large/great number of our students are Danish.There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.a lot of 可加可数名词也可加不可数名词I have a lot of friendsI have a great number of friends. 4、He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. has gone tohas been to去了某地没回来 曾经去过某地, 现在不在那个地方 Have you been to Paris?5、From there, he will fly to Perth.from there:从那地方起from 即可以加时间又可以加地点from half past 8 to half past 11from Beijing to Tianjingfly to Perth = go to Perth b y air 6、My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting.before 在句子后是副词, 译为“在此之前”，是现在完成时态的标志find 作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语（一般为形容词），说明宾语的状况、性质等。 find +宾语+形容词做宾补find the room cleanfind her happybe finding 在口语中经常使用I'm finding... . . We’re finding... ...下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时：believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand， belong，think，consider，feel，look，seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，possess，care，like， hate，love，detest，desire 23新概念英语第二册笔记 【Key structures】现在完成现在完成时表示动作现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。常与现在完成时连用的副词和副 词短语：before (now)（以前）；it’s the first tiem（第一次）；so for（到目前为止）；so far this morning（到上 午为止）；up to now（直到现在）；up to the present（直到目前）；just（刚刚）；recently（最近）；already（已 经）；lately（最近）；now（现在）；for 一段时间；since+时间；still（还；仍）；at last（终于）；finally（最 终）；疑问句和否定句中常用 ever，yet，never，not…ever 等。I’ve planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning.I have lived here for several years now and I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here. 现在完成时还可和表示频度的副词连用，表示反复和习惯性动作，如 often（经常），frequently（屡次），three times（三次）等。I’ve watched him on TV several times. 【Multiple choice questions】1 Tim is in Australia. He went ___ ___ Australia sixmonths ago. a. to b. in c. at d. intoat… 表示位置 （be at 是典型表示位置的介词短语）go to… 只要有 to 这个感念, 它的后面一定要有宾语,go to the theatergo in… (in 做副词)很少加宾语 He went in.go into… 有去向的动作, 还有进入的动作 go into the room move 常用的意义是“动”、“移动”，在表达“搬家”这个意思时 move 可以单独使用，也可组成短语move to，move into，move in，move out。move in:搬进来move to the new house:正在搬move into :搬进去了move out 搬走Jack has moved out. John will move in the day after tomorrow. 2 Tim is in Australia. How long ___ __ there?a. is he b. has he been c. has he d. was he how long...对段时间提问,3 He will soon visit Darwin. He will visit Darwin＿＿. 跟现在完成时相连a. quickly 快 b. for a short time c. shortly指的是动作上的d. in a hurry quicklyHe went quickly .for a short timesoon = shortly 不久, 表示动作延续一段时间 不久以后, 表示在这段时间之后，强调的是时间上的快 in a hurry:匆忙的（指动作）
单词学习1. until1) prep. 直到…..时候till 直到 （多用于口语）eg. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.有时候我一直躺到吃午饭的时候。eg. The street is full of cars from morning till /to night.这条街从早到晚都挤满了车辆2) conj.直到……时候 （后面加句子）eg. I stayed in bed until he woke me up. 我一直躺在床上，直到他叫醒我。eg. I didn’t get up until he woke me up. 直到他叫醒我。我才起床。 以上两句话含义是一致的。until 主句中动词为延续性动词not……until 主句中动词为非延续性动词stay 是延续性动词get up 瞬间就完成的动作，是非延续性动词eg. I will wait for you until you come back. 我会一直等到你回来。eg. I won’t leave until you come back. 直到你回来我才会走。eg. We stayed until the rain stopped. 我们一直待到雨停为止。eg. We did’t start until the rain stopped. 直到雨停了，我们才出发。2. outside n./adj./adv./prep1) n.eg. the outside of the home 房子的外面2) adj.eg. an outside toilet 房外的厕所eg. outside help 外来的帮助3) adv.eg. It was dark outside. 外面很黑eg. Please wait outsime. 请在外面等候。eg. Don’t go outside because it’s too cold. 不要出去，因为外面太冷。4) prep.eg. It’s outside my business. 这不关我的事。反义词：inside n./adj./adv. /prep.3. ring1) n. 环状物，（尤指）戒指a wedding ring 结婚戒指a diamond ring 钻戒a gold ring 金戒指dark rings around her eyes 黑眼圈ring-road 环状公路ring finger=the third finger 无名指大拇指：thumb食指：index finger = the first finger = pointer中指：middle finger = the second finger小拇指：little finger = pinkiehave a ring on the middle finger （engaged 订婚）have a ring on the third finger （married 已婚）2) （铃，电话等）响ring-----rang----rungeg. The door bell rang just now. 刚刚门铃响了。eg. I rang the bell. 我按响了门铃。eg. Will you answer the phone when it rings. 电话铃响了，你去接电话好吗？3) v. ( U.S. call ) 打电话ring sb. (up) 给某人打电话call sb. (up) 给某人打电话phone sb. 给某人打电话telephone sb. 给某人打电话give sb. a phone call 给某人打电话eg. I’ll ring you later. 我会迟些给你打电话。ring off : p hang off 挂断电话eg. He rang off before I coud explain. 我还没解释，他就挂断电话aunt n. 姑，姨，婶，舅母uncle 叔叔，舅舅，姨夫，姑父brother 哥，弟sister 姐妹nephew 侄子，外甥女niece 堂（表）兄弟姐妹cousineg. a country cousin3. repeat v. ( say or write again , more than once ) （贬）乡下人，乡巴佬eg. “ I’m having breakfast , ” I repeated 我重复说：“我正在吃早饭呢。”eg. I repeated the question several times. 这个问题我重复好几遍了。eg. Am I repeating myself? 我以前说过这件事吗？repetition n. 重复，反复，重说，重写learn by repetition 通过反复学习课文讲解(on Sundays 每逢星期日never 从未， 未曾，永不eg. I have never been abroad. 我从没出过国。eg. Would you do that? 你会做那件事吗？Never 绝不会做。eg. I never get up befor 10 o’clock in mornings. 我从未在上午10钟前起床 eg. Never fear. 别害怕Never give up. 永不放弃Never say die. 永不言败Never lose heart 决不要灰心丧气early adj./adv.an early morning 一大早eg. The early bird catches the worm. 捷足先登eg. I got up early this morning. 今天早晨我起得早。stay in bed 躺在床上stay at home 呆在家里sometimes 有时候some times 几次；几倍 （老猴子注：此为中式英语，地道英语应为：several times） some tome 一段时间sometime 将来或过去的某个时候eg. I will be somebody sometime in the future. 总有一天我将成为大人物。 get up 起床go to bed 去睡觉fall asleep 睡着了go to sleep睡着了late adj./adv.eg. I’m sorry for being late. 对不起我迟到了。eg. I get up very late. 我起床很晚。stay up late 熬夜，醒着，不去睡lately: recently 最近eg. Have you been abroad lately? 你最近出过国吗？eg. I bought a new car lately? 最近我买了辆新车？lately 通常用在现在完成时和一般过去时中look out of 向,,,,外看look out of the window 向窗外看look out of the door 向门外看look into1) 向,,..里看look into the box 朝盒子里面看2)调查eg. The police are looking into the case. 警察正在调查这个案件。Look out！小心，当心eg. Look out! The car nearly knocked you over. 当心，这车差点撞到你了。 What a day! 感叹句What a terrible day! 多糟糕的天气呀！What a wonderful day! 天气多好啊！What a lovely day! 天气多好啊！What a beautiful day! 天气多好啊！Just then : at that moment 就在那时It 是虚主语by train 坐火车by bus 做公交车by plane / by air 乘飞机by ship / by sea / by water 乘船by car 开车来的on foot 步行eg. I came here on foot. ( I walked here. ) 我走来的。eg. We got into the mountain on horseback. 我们骑马上山。take a train 乘坐火车take a bus / take a car 乘车take a plane 乘飞机take a ship 乘船eg. In order to go to school on time, I took a taxi. 为了准时上学，我打了一辆车。 I’m coming to see you. 我就来看你。用进行时表示将来时have breakfast 吃早餐have lunch 吃午饭have supper 吃晚饭have dinner 吃正餐have a meal 吃一顿饭Dear me! 天啊！My God! 天啊 ( U.S.)Good heavens! 天啊！Goodness me! 天啊！It 做虚主语It’s one o’clock. （时间） It’s cold in winter. （气候） It’s only me. （人）It’s a long way from,,..（ 距离） It’s very dirty here. （环境）
Lesson 66 Sweet as honey! 【New words and expressions】Lancaster n. 兰开斯特bomber n. 轰炸机remote adj. 偏僻的Pacific n. 太平洋damage v. 毁坏wreck n. 残骸rediscover v. 重新发现aerial adj. 航空的survey n. 调查rescue v. 营救package v. 把,,,,打包enthusiast n. 热心人restore v. 修复（修并且复原,如对艺术品的修复）imagine v. 想像packing case 包装箱colony n. 群bee n. 蜂hive n. 蜂房preserve v. 保护beeswax n. 蜂蜡 ★bomber[?????] n. 轰炸机, 炸弹手, 轰炸员, 投弹手bomb n. 炸弹 ★remote adj. 偏僻的，偏远的remote village 遥远的村庄lonely adj. 偏僻的(孤零零的)lonely island 孤岛 ★Pacific n. 太平洋Atlantic大西洋 ； Indian ocean印度洋 ； Arctic ocean 北冰洋 ★wreck n. 残骸wreck强调坏了没用的东西 (一个坏了的整体，完整的)wrekage强调坏的东西成碎片 ★rediscover v. 重新发现re-表示“再, 又”的意思review复习 ， reread再读 ， rewrite改写 ， retell复述 ★survey n. 调查(一定要跟数据有关系)aerial survey 航空调查(跟数据有关系)investigation [???????????????] n. 调查，研究 ★rescue v. 营救rescue＝save ★package v. 把,,,,打包① v. 把,,,,打成大包pack n. 小包；v. 把,,,,打成小包Pack it for me.Wrap it up for me.② n. 大包package deal 一揽子交易,一揽子交易中的条款parcel n. 包裹(邮局邮寄) ★imagine v. 想像① vt. 想像Imagine it. 想象一下吧! (口语)② vt. 料想，猜想imagine doing sth. 想象,,,,imagine that + 从句I imagine you’re like to rest after your long journey. ★colony n. 群, 殖民地colony [???????] n. 殖民地，侨民，(聚居的)一群同业，一批同行，(生物)群体a colony of ants 一群蚂蚁 ；a colony of bees 一群蜜蜂；a colony of artists 一群艺术家a flock of goats 羊群a herd of cows 一群奶牛a crowd of 一群(用于人) ★preserve v. 保护，保存(经过特殊手段而保存下来)preserved bean curd 豆腐乳 （bean curd 豆腐）preserved fruit 果脯； preserved meat 腊肉； preserved fish 腊鱼 smoked fish 熏鱼Can I keep your photo? 我能保存你的照片吗?How long can I keep it?Can I keep it for you?store the cabbage （store储存，保存(以便日后使用)） 【Text】In 1963 a Lancaster bomber crashed on Wallis Island, a remote place in the South Pacific, a long way west of Samoa. The plane wasn't too badly damaged, but over theyears, the crash was forgotten and the wreck remained undisturbed. Then in 1989, twenty-six years after the crash, the plane was accidentally rediscovered in an aerial survey of the island. By this time, a Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition was rare and worth rescuing. The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to France. Now a group of enthusiasts are going to have the plane restored. It has four Rolls-Royce Merlin engines, but the group will need to have only three of them rebuilt. Imagine their surprise and delight when they broke open the packing cases and found that the fourth engine was sweet as honey -- still in perfect condition. A colony of bees had turned the engine into a hive and it was totally preserved in beeswax! 参考译文1963年, 一架兰开斯特轰炸机在瓦立斯岛坠毁. 那是南太平洋中一个很偏僻的小岛, 位于萨摩亚群岛以西, 距离群岛还有很长一段距离. 飞机损坏的程度并不严重, 但是, 多年来这起飞机失事已被遗忘, 飞机残骸也 没受到破坏. 于是, 到了1989年, 飞机失事26年后, 在对小岛的一次航空勘查中那架飞机被意外地发现了. 到了那个时候, 状况良好的兰开斯特轰炸机实属罕见, 值得抢救. 法国政府让人把飞机包装起来, 一部分一部分 地搬回法国. 一群热心人计划修复这架飞机. 该飞机装配有4台罗尔斯-罗伊斯的默林发动机, 但是他们只需要修复其中的3台. 想一想他们所感受到的惊奇和兴奋——当他们拆开包装箱时, 他们发现第4台发动机就像蜂蜜一样甜——发动机完好无损. 一群蜜蜂把发动机当作了蜂房, 发动机在蜂蜡中被完整地保存了下来. 【课文讲解】1、In 1963 a Lancaster bomber crashed on Wallis Island, a remote place in the South Pacific, a long way west of Samoa.crash vi. 从上往下掉crash in the mountain 掉到山里a long way to go 有很长的路要走在英文中跟方位感相连的介词有三个in, on, toin 隶属关系Haerbin’s in the north of China.on是指跟一个地方有接触面Korea is on the north of China.to是相离的概念Japan is to the east of China.west of＝to the west of （west of前面没有任何词修饰的时候，认为处于相离的概念） 2、The plane wasn't too badly damaged, but over the years, the crash was forgotten and the wreck remained undisturbed.over 在,,,,期间/之中（相当于during，over后如有数字则译为 “超过” ） over the years 这些年来over the new year 在新年期间 ； over the Christmas 在圣诞期间over Spring Festival 在春节期间He worked very hard over the last two years.remain+adj. remain看作系动词be理解The room remained warm. 房间还是那么暖和（注意与 “the room was warm.” 的区别, “remain” 有保持的意思） 3、By this time, a Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition was rare and worth rescuing.by this time 到这时in condition 处于,,,,状态in reasonable condition＝in good conditionin perfect condition 处于完美状态in poor confition 状态不好Keep the house in good condition.Reasonable在这里表示“尚好的，过得去的”，用于表示价钱时，指“公道的，合理的，不贵的”等The house is in reasonable condition.The price of the dress is reasonable.be worth doing sth. 值得,,,,，具有,,,,的价值（表达了被动含义, 用主动ing表达被动含义）The cake is worth eating.The books are worth reading. 4、The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to France.have sth. done 让别人做某事in parts =little by little，bit by bit 一部分一部分 5、Imagine their surprise and delight when they broke open the packing cases and found that the fourth engine was sweet as honey -- still in perfect condition.imagine后面可以直接加宾语Imagine my excitement when I found my mother outside.Imagine their excitement and delight when the People’s Republic of China was founded.the door opened(open是动词)the door is open(open是形容词)break sth. open 打开,,,,cut open 切开cut it open 剪开(信封)tear it open 撕开(信封)在固定短语中as,,as中得的一个as省略I am busy as a bee. （as busy as a bee中第一个as省略）sweet as honey 甜得象蜜 (在文中是双关语, 注意体会)sticky as glue 胶水一样粘stong as horse 马一样强壮turn,,into,, 把,,,,变成When it is cold enough, water is turnd into ice. 【Summary writing】3 What did the French authorities do with the plane? Who will be having it restored? (...,where...)3 where = 介词+先行词The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to France, where a group of enthusiasts are going to have the plane restored. 【Key structures】使役式使役式：have +名词或宾语代词 +动词过去分词，使役式表示对某物（或某人）。 I have my wallet lost/stolen. 我丢了钱包While I’m away, I’ll have you looked after. 我不在的时候，我会让人照顾你的。have sth. done的另一个意思是“遭遇不幸”I have my leg broken. 我摔断了腿 【Special difficulties】集合名词集合名词表示的是由若干个体组成的集合体，如family（家庭，一家人），team（队），crew（船、飞机等上的全体工作人员），audience（观众），government（政府），staff全体职员/教员），class（班，班级）等。如果要强调作为整体的集体，则后面的动词用单数；如果要强调组成集体的每个人，则后面的动词用复数。The national team is travelling to London tomorrow. 国家代表队将于明天去伦敦.The team are all highly talented young people. 全队人员都是天赋极高的年轻人.The audience is made up of school children. 观众是由学校的学生组成的. The audience were spellbound by the magic of the performance.观众们被表演的魅力迷住了.My family are watching TV.My family is happy 【Multiple choice questions】6 Only three of the four Rolls Royce Merlin engines __a__rebuilt.(a) will have to be (b) need have been (c)are being (d)had to be情态动词need只用于否定句和疑问句中,要用在肯定句中肯定是实义动词need to do 将来需要做 10__d__the years that followed, the crash was forgotten.(a)Between (b)During (c)While (d)Amongover the years = during the years Lesson 67 Volcanoes 【New words and expressions】volcano n. 火山active adj. 活动的Kivu n. 基伍湖Congo n. 刚果Kituro n. 基图罗erupt v. （火山）喷发violently adv. 猛烈地，剧烈地manage v. 设法brilliant adj. 精彩的liquid adj. 液态的escape v. 逃脱alive adj. 活着的 ★active adj. 活动的active adj. 积极的passive adj. 消极的, 被动的 ★violently adv. 猛烈地, 剧烈地violent [?????????] adj. 猛烈的, 激烈的, 暴力引起的, 强暴的 violence [?????????] n. 猛烈, 强烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行, 强暴 ★manage v. 设法manage to do sth. = try to do sth. and succeedI can manage it. = I can manage it myself. = I can do it. ★liquid adj. 液态的liquid [???????] n. 液体, 流体, 流音；adj. 液体的, 清澈的, 透明的, 明亮的, 流动的, 易变的, (财务)易变卖的 ★escape [???????] v. 逃脱① v. 逃脱escape sth.escape death 死里逃生escape doing sth.He escape punishment/being punished.② n. 逃脱narrow escape 九死一生 ★alive adj. 活着的alive 做定语时一定要放在被修饰词后面, 属于表语形容词，后置定语light ahead 前面的灯光Every man alive has his/her own troubles.living sth. 活着的,,,,living elephant 活着的象live① [????] adj. 现场的，活着的（永远不和人连用）live concert 现场演唱会live fish 活鱼（不能和人连）② [???] v. 活着 【Text】Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. 参考译文波兰科学家哈罗恩·塔捷耶夫花了毕生的精力来研究世界各地的活火山和深洞. 1948年他去了刚果的基伍湖, 对一座后来被他命名为基图罗的新火山进行观察. 当火山正在猛烈地喷发时, 塔捷耶夫有办法把帐篷搭在离它非常近的地方. 尽管他设法拍了一些十分精彩的照片, 但他却不能在火山附近停留太长的时间. 他发现有一股岩浆正向他流过来, 眼看就要将他团团围住, 但塔捷耶夫还是设法及时逃离了. 他等到火山平静下来, 两天以后又返回去. 这次他设法爬进了基图罗火山口, 以便能拍摄照片和测试温度. 塔捷耶夫经常冒这样的生命危险. 他能告诉我们的有关活火山的情况比任何在世的人都要多. 【课文讲解】1、Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world.spend some time (in) doing sth. 花多少时间干,,,,lifetime 毕生精力注意: spend most of his lifetime 与 spend his lifetime的区别in all parts of the world 世界各地的 2、Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently.close to 离,,,,很近，与,,,,靠近He parked the car close to the river.Don’t sit so close to the fire.for long＝for a long time 3、He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.=He notice a river of liquid rock coming towards him.notice that + 宾语从句notice sth.notice sb. do/doing sth. : 注意到某人做某事/正在做某事a river of,, ,,,,形成的河流a river of soil and stone 泥石流Rivers of blood flowed during World war II. （rivers of blood 血流成河）When she heard the news, a river of tears came down her face. 4、It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time.threaten to 威胁着要,,,,，有迹象表明,,,,He threatened to leave the team. 他扬言要离开这个队。in time 及时，来得及，just表示“正好，差一点”I caught the train just in time.Shall we still be in time for/to see the performance? 5、This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.manage to do sth. 设法做到某事，努力完成某事（虽然很费劲，但仍然做到/完成某事）try to do sth. 设法做某事，努力做某事（但并不一定成功）the mouth of Kituro 火山口so that 以便于(目的状语从句),一定含有情态动词 6、Tazieff has often risked his life in this way.risk one’s life 冒着生命危险take a risk of,, =at a risk of,, 冒着,,,,的危险risk sth.＝risk losing sth. 冒着失去,,,,的危险risk doing sth. 冒着做,,,,的危险 7、He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. 在两相比较中, 如果前者属于后者, 那一定要在比较时用other, else排除前者 than any other man alive 【Key structures】Can, Be able to and Manage to表示能力时用can/could，在将来时中表示“能力”时通常用will be able to，在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时用was able to而不用could。He thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed.I can’t remember where I’ve seen him.Jane can’t swim yet. She’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time. Manage to在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时，经常代替be able to，它更强调“虽然困难很大，但仍然,,,,”。在否定句中，manage to与be able to经常可以互换。He was able to finish the job yesterday. （表示可能）He managed to finish the job yesterday. （暗示他克服了不少困难才完成） What do you think of the film?I’m afraid I haven’t managed to/been able to see it yet. 【Special Difficulties】带 say与tell的短语1、say在表示“说，讲”时，say后面不跟间接宾语（人）。如果一定要指明，则用to +名词/代词。表示“道别，诵读（祈祷），背诵”等含义时用say而不能用tell。say有“表达（思想、意见等）”、“据说”含义，tell则没有。John is said to be very interested in art.Do you have anything to say about the accident?关于这次事故你有什么想说的/想法？He knelt down and said his prayers. 他跪了下来作祷告.He said goodbye and left. 他告辞后离开了.say a good word for 为,,,,说好话/辩护；推荐Don’t expect that he’ll say a good word for you.2、tell在表示“说，讲”时，tell后面可以跟双宾语。tell经常用于表示“讲（实话，谎话，秘密等）”。tell可以表示“辨别，分辨”，say则不可以。在英国英语中，tell the time（美语为tell time）表示根据钟表等“说出时间，识钟”Can you tell me anything about it? 你能告诉我有关的任何事情吗?He is only five, but he can already tell the time.tell (sb.) a lie (谎言有很多个)He often tells lies. 他经常说谎.tell (sb.) the truth (真话只有一个,故要特指, 加the)I want you to tell me the truth. 我要你讲真话.tell (sb.) the difference between 区分, 区别Can't you tell the difference between an Austin and a Morris?你能区分奥斯丁舞和莫利斯舞吗?Say和tell后面跟so时含义不一样：I told you so! 我告诉过你是这样的！（用于情况被证实之后）Who says so? 谁这么说的？I say so. 我这么说的。 【Multiple choice questions】4 He escaped just in time. He__d__ escaped.(a)just only (b)only (c)soon (d) only just only just ＝almost not 差点就没有 7 He has been able to tell us a lot __b__volcanoes.(a) considering (b) on the subject of(c) in relation (d) referringon the subject of＝about(朝向)towards＝in the direction of （direction [?????????（英），???????????（美）] ） 12 He has told us more than any __d__person.(a)alive (b)lively (c)live (d)livinglively adj. 活泼的,充满生机的a lively girl Lesson 68 Persistent 【New words and expressions】persistent adj. 坚持的，固执的avoid v. 避开insist v. 坚持做 ★persistent adj. 坚持的, 固执的stubborn [???????] adj. 顽固的, 固执的, 坚定的, 坚决的, 难应付的, 难处理的You are stubborn. 你这个死脑筋persist v. 坚持(不顾阻拦一味的坚持):persist in doing sth.He persist in making noise. ★avoid v. 避开avoid doing sth. 避免做,,,, ★insist v. 坚持认为，坚持说（是人的一种态度）① vt. &vi. 坚持，坚决认为insist on doing sth. 坚持做,,,,My brother insist on going with me.He insists on the importance of the meeting.persevere [??????????] v. 坚持，坚持不懈地努力(褒义词) persevere in sth./doing sth.We should persevere in studying English.perseverance n. 坚持不懈② vt. &vi. 坚决主张/要求，一定要I insist on speaking to the manager.My wife insists that I (should) have my hair cut. 【Text】I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.'Hello, Nigel,' I said. 'Fancy meeting you here!''Hi, Elizabeth,' Nigel answered. 'I was just wondering how to spend the morning -- until I saw you. You're not busy doing anything, are you?''No, not at all,' I answered. 'I'm going to...''Would you mind my coming with you?' he asked, before I had finished speaking. 'Not at all,' I lied, 'but I'm going to the dentist.''Then I'll come with you,' he answered. 'There's always plenty to read in the waiting room!’ 参考译文我穿过马路以便避开他, 但他看到我并朝我跑过来. 若再装作没看见他已是没有用了, 我只好向他招手。我就怕遇到奈杰尔·戴克斯. 他从来都是无事可做, 不管你多忙, 他总是坚持要跟你去。我得想办法不让他整个上午缠着我.“你好, 奈杰尔, 想不到在这儿见到你. “我说.“你好, 伊丽莎白, “奈杰尔回答说, “我正不知道怎么消磨这一上午呢, 正好见到你. 你不忙, 是吗?”“不, 不忙, 我打算去,,,,” 我回答.“我跟你一道去行吗?” 没等我说完话他就问道.“没关系, 但我准备去牙医那里. “我说了个谎.“那我也跟你去, 候诊室里总有很多东西可供阅读!” 他回答. 【课文讲解】1、I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.cross v. 穿过I cross the garden.across adv.&prep. 穿过I go across the garden.avoid doing sth. 避免,,,,come running towards me 向我跑过来 2、It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.It is (of) no use doing,, 做,,,,是没有用处的，做,,,,是徒步的/无益的 It is no use pretending ,, 假装,,,,是没有用了It is no use crying over the spilled milk. 覆水难收It is no use punishing him.wave to sb. 向某人招手 3、I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做,,,,appreciate sth./doing sth. 4、He never has anything to do.用不定式做定语, 修饰anythinganything to do sth. 任何要做的事anything to eat sth. 可以吃的东西 ； anything to drink 可以喝的东西5、No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you.no matter常与how，when，where，what，who等引导的从句连用，译为“无论,,,,” No matter how old you are,,,No matter where you are,,,No matter who you are,,,No matter how tired you are, your children insisted on listening to stories. insist on doing sth. 坚持做,,,, 6、I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning. think of a way of doing sth. 想一个做某事的方法think of a way of solvingprevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事, 让某人不做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 让某人不做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 让某人不做某事(保持不做某事)forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 7、Fancy meeting you here!=Imagine meeting you here! 真想不到会在这见到你! （fancy＝imagine） “fance+名词”表示惊讶 ★fance① vt. 设想，想像Fancy Ian not knowing the answer to such an easy question!② vt. 想要，喜欢（往往用于指个人爱好）It’s a fine day and I fancy driving down to the coast. 8、You're not busy doing anything, are you?be busy doing sth. 忙着做,,,,反意疑问句的回答, 根据事实回答 9、Would you mind my coming with you?“Would/Do you mind +动名词/if引导的从句”用来表示客气的请求或征求意见，表示同意/不介意时，用“No, not at all”或“Certainly not”回答；不同意时往往用一些委婉的说法，如“I’m sorry, but,,”等回答，不用“yes, I so”。Would you mind if I open the windows?Certainly not. /Sorry, but it’s cold here.mind (sb’s) +doing sth. 介意某人做某事-ing的逻辑主语有四种形式，分为两大类① 作为代词, 可以用人称代词的宾格, 又可以用形容词性物主代词② 作为名词, 可以保持本身不变, 也可以变成名词所有格作主语时必须是所有格(名词所有格, 形容词性物主代词), 但作宾语时可以用所有格, 也可用普通格(人称代词宾格)Would you mind my parents' having dinner with me?Would you mind me opening the door?Would you mind my/me smoking?Would you mind me making myself at home? 你介意我把这儿当成家吗? 【Composition】1 There was a dentist nearby. She knew him well. Elizabeth decided to go there. She would explain what had happened.(As...whom...in order to)3 Elizabeth left. The dentist went into the waiting room.‘Do you want to have your teeth examined?’he askeb Nigel. (After...and asked Nigel if...) 1 as(因为) whom(引导定语从句)...in order to (目的状语)There was a dentist nearby whom she knew well Elizabeth decided to go there in order to explain what had happened.3 After...and asked Nigel if...(间接引语)Afrer Elizabeth left, the dentist went into the waiting room and asked Nigel if he wanted to have his teeth examined. 【Key structure】动名词的用法有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。这些动词包括avoid，admit，deny，fancy，finish，enjoy，mind（在乎，在意），suggest，stand（容忍）等。有些结构通常要接动名词，如busy，worth，it is no/little use，bored with，interested in，insist on，prevent,,from等：I was looking forward to reading those books.Well, you can’t read them, so it’s no use thinking about them.动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语（即动作执行者，而不是句子的主语）：Please excuse his not writing to you.Do you mind my smoking?come和go之后可以跟与户外活动相关的动名词（climbing，driving，fishing，riding，shopping，walking等），表示建议、邀请或叙事。There’s no point in my coming climbing with you.我和你们去爬山毫无意义。 （there’s no point in =it is no use）感知动词（hear，see，fell，watch等）后面既可以跟宾语加分词结构，也可以跟宾语加不带to的不定式。现在分词往往强调动作正在发生，用于叙述中时使人身临其境；不定式则可以表示动作发生了或过程结束了。有时它们之间的区别不大，可以互相替换使用。 【语法精粹】动名词复合结构 : 由名词所有格或物主代词与动名词构成动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语, 作主语时必须是所有格(名词所有格, 形容词性物主代词), 但作宾语时可以用所有格, 也可用普通格(人称代词宾格)His leaving is a great loss. 他的离去是一个很大的损失Mother dislikes my(me) working late. 妈妈不喜欢我工作很迟Mother dislikes my sleeping late.John's having seen her did not make her worried.约翰已经见到她的事实, 没有让她感到担心后面可以接动词-ing的词：介词；某些动词，如avoid, enjoy, finish, It is no use, prevent sb from, fancy, imagine, escape, risk, allow，deny, appreciate, complete, delay, mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, permit,,insist on doing, persist in doing, persevere in doing, give up doing某些词加逻辑主语是，要用不定式作宾语，如：allow+doing sth.(动名词作宾语) ；allow sb. to do sth.(不定式作宾语)advise sb. to do sth. ；advise doing sth.这类动词常见如：advise，allow，permit，recommend, etc. 【Multiple choice questions】6 He insisted__b__ with her.(a) to go (b)that he should go (c) to going (d) in going insist on doing sth. 坚持做,,,,insist +从句(should +原形) （用虚拟语气） 9 She didn't pretend she hadn't seen him. She didn't __c__she hadn't.(a) make as if (b) do as if (c) act as if (d) conduct as ifas if似乎, 好像do as if (不这么用)act as if ,, 做得好象,,,,conduct+oneself 表现 10 She waved to him. She __c__him.(a)shook (b)saluted (c)greeted (d)calledsalute v. 问候(军人向长官的)行军礼, 敬礼greet v. 问候 12 She lied to him. What she said was __a__.(a) false (b)true (c)lie (d) wronglie to sb. 向某人撒谎false [?????] adj. 错误的, 虚伪的, 假的, 无信义的, 伪造的, 人工的, 不老实的lie n. 谎言（可数名词，tell a lie）What she said was a lie. Lesson 69 But not murder! 【New words and expressions】（11）murder n. 谋杀instruct v. 命令，指示acquire v. 取得，获得confidence n. 信心examiner n. 主考人suppose v. 假设tap v. 轻敲react v. 反应brake n. 刹车pedal n. 踏板mournful adj. 悲哀的 ★acquire v. 取得，获得，学到（知识、技术、语言等），养成（习惯等） acquire confidence 获得信心Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years’ time.Tom acquired a habit of smoking. 【Text】I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.' I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly, Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!' 参考译文我第3次接受驾驶执照考试。按照要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，我圆满地完成了。在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。确信我已通过考试，所以我几乎开始喜欢起这次考试。主考人对我的驾驶想必是满意的，因为他微笑着说：“埃姆斯先生，只剩1项了。让我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。我一敲车窗，你必须把车停在5英尺之内。”我继续往前开着。过了一会儿，主考人砰砰地敲了起来。虽然声音听得很清楚，但我过了好一会儿才作出反应。我突然用力踩紧刹车踏板，结果我俩的身体都向前冲去。主考人伤心地看着我。“埃姆斯先生，”他以悲伤的声调说，“你刚刚把那个小孩压死了！” 【课文讲解】1、I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.driving licence 驾驶执照 2、I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. heavy adj. 大量的，多的，密集的Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one. 3、The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.'must have been表示对过去的事情的猜测performance n. 表现，表演，工作情况be pleased with 对,,,,满意They are pleased with his work.The manager isn’t very pleased with his secretary.let us suppose that,, 让我们假设,,,,Let us suppose that there is a forest fire. 4、The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!'in a mournful voice 用悲伤的声调in a ,, voice 以,,,,的声调He told them the news in a sad/excited voice. 【Key structures】被动语态被动语态可以用于介词+动名词结构中。介词（after，before，on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用after+动名词的完成式表示第一个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或before）+动名词结构；on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生：The man called the police after being robbed.He killed a child before being arrested.On/After being told that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.被动语态用于介词+动名词结构在英语中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口语。被动语态用于want后面的不定式中时，to be可以省略，want后跟被动语态时往往表示希望别人完成所说的动作：I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.被动语态还可用于过去进行时，以强调动作的持续性：I was being asked about the film all day yesterday. 【Special Difficulties】Practice and Advicepractice n.（反复的）练习，实践，实行Your spoken English will improve with practice.Have they put their plan into practice? 他们把计划付诸实施了吗？ practise vt.& vi. 练习，经常做Jimmy used to practice (playing) football every afternoon.She practises on the piano for three hours every day.advice n. 忠告，劝告，建议（不可数名词）She gave me some good advice / a piece of advice about jobs.advise vt.& vi. 劝告，向,,,,提供提议She advised me against going to the party. 她建议/劝我不要去参加聚会。Enjoy, Entertain and Amuseenjoy vt. 欣赏，喜爱，享受,,,,之乐（后跟名词、动名词或反身代词，用于主动语态）I enjoy swimming in summer.We’re really enjoying ourselves.entertain vt. 款待，招待，请客；使,,,,快乐，给,,,,娱乐（=amuse）We often entertain friends at weekends.Uncle Sam entertains/amuses the children for hours at a time.萨姆叔叔一连好几小时地逗孩子们乐。My children can entertain/amuse themselves for hours with telling stories to each other.amuse vt. 逗乐，逗笑（常用于被动语态）She was amused by her father’s funny stories.His story amused the children very much. Lesson 70 Red for danger 【New words and expressions】（8）bullfight n. 斗牛drunk n. 醉汉wander v. 溜达，乱走ring n. 圆形竞技场地unaware adj. 不知道的，未觉察的bull n. 公牛matador n. 斗牛士remark n. 评论；言语apparently adv. 明显地sensitive adj. 敏感的criticism n. 批评charge v. 冲上去clumsily adv. 笨拙地bow v. 鞠躬safety n. 安全地带sympathetically adv. 同情地 ★sensitive adj. 敏感的，神经过敏的，易生气的，介意的（常与to+名词连用） Mary is sensitive to smells.You’re too sensitive. 你太敏感了（太容易生气）。Mary has a sensitive ear. ★charge v. 冲上去① vt. &vi. 要价，收费They charged us too much for repairs.How much do you charge for this dress?② vt. 指控，指责The police charged him with murder.He charged Gary with speeding.③ vt. &vt. 猛攻，冲向，冲锋，向前冲The bull charged at the drunk. ★bow v. 鞠躬① vt. &vt. 鞠躬，欠身，低下（头等）The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed.As she couldn’t answer the question, she bowed her head.② vi. 让步，屈服，服从Why did you bow to their decision?He finally bowed before money and married the other girl.③ vt. 压弯，压倒My mother is bowed with age. 我母亲因年老而腰弯背驼。The little tree is bowed with snow. 【Text】During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and theyquickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador. 参考译文在一次斗牛时，一个醉汉突然溜达到斗牛场中间，人们开始大叫起来，但醉汉却没有意识到危险。当时那公牛正忙于对付斗牛士，但突然它看见了醉汉，只见他正大声说着粗鲁的话，手里挥动着一顶红帽子。对挑衅显然非常敏感的公牛完全撇开斗牛士，直奔醉汉而来。观众突然静了下来，可这醉汉像是很有把握似的。当公牛逼近他时，他踉跄地住旁边一闪，牛扑空了。观众欢呼起来，醉汉向人们鞠躬致谢。然而，此时已有3个人进入斗牛场，迅速把醉汉拉到安全的地方。好像连牛也在为他感到遗憾，因为它一直同情地看着醉汉，直到他的背影消逝，才重新将注意力转向斗牛士。 【课文讲解】1、The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger.be unaware of,, 不知道，没有觉察,,,,While she read the book, she was unaware of the noi}