until与till的用法区别
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。&正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
　&肯定句：　&I&slept&until&midnight.&我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
　&Wait&till&I&call&you.　&等着我叫你。
　&（在肯定句中可用before代替&Let's&get&in&the&wheat&before&the&sun&sets.）
　&否定句：
　&She&didn't&arrive&until&6&o'clock.
　&她直到6点才到。
　&Don't&get&off&the&bus&until&it&has&stopped.&
　&公共汽车停稳后再下车。
　&I&didn't&manage&to&do&it&until&you&had&explained&how.　&直到你教我后，我才会做。
1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
　　Until&you&told&me,&I&had&heard&nothing&of&what&happened.
　　直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。　&
2)Until&when&疑问句中，until要放在句首。
　&---Until&when&are&you&staying?　你呆到什么时候？
　&---&Until&next&Monday.　呆到下周一。　
注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1）Not&until&…在句首，主句用倒装。
　　Not&until&the&early&years&of&the&19th&century&did&man&know&what&heat&is.
　　直到19&世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
　　Not&until&I&began&to&work&did&I&realize&how&much&time&I&had&wasted.&
　&直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
(2)　It&is&not&until…&that…&
略谈&until&用法上的三个难点&
　　一、until与by的区别
　　1.&by表示在某特定的时间之前或不迟于某特定的时间,意为"最迟在;不迟于"或"在……之前"等。如:
　　①I&will&finish&my&task&by&nine.我将在九点钟前完成任务。
　　②The&plane&takes&off&at&10:00,&so&you&must&try&to&be&at&the&airport&by&9:30.飞机在十点钟起飞,所以你必须在九点半赶到机场。
　　2.&until用在肯定句,谓语动词通常是延续性动词,如stand,&stay,&talk,&wait等,表示主句动作终止的时间。如:
　　③I&waited&until&he&came&back.我一直等到他回来。
　　④The&war&lasted&until&1945.战争持续到1945年。
　　如果用在否定句,谓语动词通常是瞬间性动词,如open,&start,&leave,&arrive,&finish,&stop等,强调主句动作开始的时间。如:
　　⑤I&didn't&leave&the&boy&until&his&mother&turned&up.直到这孩子的母亲来,我才离开。
　　⑥The&noise&of&the&street&didn't&stop&until&it&was&midnight.街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。
　　二、until与before的区别
　　1.可直接换用的情况:在until能使用的句型中,即主句含有否定式终止性谓语动词或肯定式延续性动词,可与before直接替换,意义差别不大。如:
　　①The&students&won't&go&home&until&/&before&they&finish&their&homework.学生们要先完成作业才能回家。
　　②The&woman&worked&in&the&factory&until/before&1990.&1990年以前这妇女在这家工厂上班。
　　2.不可换用的情况:当主句含有肯定式终止性谓语动词时,只能用before不能用until,且before常意为"没来得及……"或"……才……"等。如:
　　③Einstein&almost&knocked&me&down&before&he&saw&me.爱因斯坦差不多将我撞倒才看见了我。
　　④He&had&measured&me&before&I&could&get&in&a&word.我还没来得及插话,他就把我的尺寸量好了。
　　三、not&until的倒装与强调结构
　　1.当Not&until位于句首时,句子要倒装。其结构为:Not&until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+...。如:
　　①Not&until&the&teacher&came&in&did&the&students&stop&talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
　　②Not&until&next&week&will&the&sports&meet&be&held.直到下周才开运动会。
　　2.&not&until的强调结构为:It&is&/&was&not&until+从句/表时间的词+that+...。上面两句改为强调句为:
　　③It&was&not&until&the&teacher&came&in&that&the&students&stopped&talking.&
　　④It&is&not&until&next&week&that&the&sports&meet&will&be&held.
已投稿到：特殊句式(倒装、强调与省略)；一、倒装；1．全部倒装；(1)表示方位的副词(如there，here，u；如：Theregoesthebell.铃响了；Offwentthehorse.Incameth；如：Inthemiddleofthemounta；如：Seatedinthelecturehall；PresentatthemeetingwereP；注意：句子
特殊句式(倒装、强调与省略) 一、倒装 1．全部倒装。全部倒装是将谓语的全部提到主语之前。 (1)表示方位的副词(如there，here，up，down，out，in，away, over, off, back等)位于句首，句子谓语是go，come，run，rush等表示位置的动词，可将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。另外，表示时间的副词now, then, thus引导的句子也是全部倒装。 如：There goes the bell.铃响了。
Then came the chairman. 主席来了。 Off went the horse.
In came the boss. From the speaker comes the doctor’s voice. (2)表示方位的介词短语位于句首。 如：In the middle of the mountain lies a temple. (3)表语位于句首。 如：Seated in the lecture hall are hundreds of students. Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests. (4)There be 句型 (be可换成 live, stand, lie, come, exist, seem, appear等).
如：There still exist some problems. 注意：句子的主语为人称代词时，句子不倒装。 Here it is.
Away they went. 2．部分倒装。部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。 (1)在下列否定副词位于句首时用部分倒装语序： 从不never；任何地方都不nowhere；很少seldom, little, few, rarely；刚刚，几乎不hardly, scarcely, barely；两者都不neither… nor…；决不by no means,
at no time, under no circumstances, on no account … Never in all my life have I felt so humiliated.我这辈子从未感到如此受辱。 Not a word did he say at the last meeting.在上次会议上他一句话都没说。 (2)not until位于句首 I didn’t recognize her until she took off the sunglasses. ―Not until she took off the sunglasses did I recognize her. (3)hardly...when，no sooner...than，not only...but also引导两个分句时，如果hardly, no sooner, not only位于句首，将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。 Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。 (4)当句子用so，nor，neither开头，来说明前面一句话中谓语表示的情况， 58 也适用于另外一些人或物时，主语和谓语部分倒装。这时谓语只是用助动词、情态动词或系动词来表示。其常见句型是：so/nor/neither + be/ 助动词（do/have）/ 情态动词 ＋ 主语 Frank adores dogs and so does his wife.弗兰克非常爱狗，他妻子也一样。 She couldn’t work out the answer，and nor could I.她算不出答案，我也算不出。 (5)当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，采用部分倒装Only when I see it with my only eyes do I believe it.只有亲眼见到，我才相信。 (6)在so/such...that引导的结果状语从句中，把so/such提到句首时，主谓要倒装。 So moved was she that she could not say a word.她激动得一句话也说不出来。 (7)在if虚拟条件从句中如果有had/were/should,可省略if,把had/were/should与主语倒装。
If he should change his mind, let me know. ―Should he change his mind, let me know. (8)在以often, always, once, many a time, now and then等作状语的频度副词位于句首时
Often did I speak of him before. 3．其他倒装。 (1) 由as/though引导的让步状语从句中，其基本句式为： 形容词/副词/名词/动词原形+as/though+主语+谓语 Child as/though he is, he knows a lot of English. =Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of English. ? Old as they were,…
Hard as he tried, …
Try as I might, … (2) 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。 “Very well,” said the French student. (3) 在the more…,the more…结构中 The more you practice, the better your skill is. 二、强调 1．强调句型的结构：It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋原句的剩余部分。 被强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。 It is I who am right. (强调主语) It was him that we met at the school gate. (强调宾语) It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work. (强调状语从句)因为母亲病了，她才没有来上班。
59 2．强调句型应注意的要点： (1)强调句型的一般疑问句只需把is/was提前。 Was it during the AntiJapanese War that he died?他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗？ (2)强调句型的特殊疑问句即对特殊疑问词进行强调，结构是：特殊疑问词＋be＋it＋that/who＋原句剩余部分。 Who was it that broke the window？是谁打破了窗子？ What is it that you want me to do? 你想要我做的是什么？ (3)在强调主语时保持强调句结构不变，保持主语和that/who后的谓语动词人称和数的一致 It is I who am a teacher. It is they who often help me with my lessons. (4)在强调not … until… 结构中until…的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型 It is(was) not until ...that...
My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night. ―It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home. 注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。 3.谓语动词的强调
（1）、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。
e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必要小心啊！
（2）、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。 4.几组易混句型比较： (1)强调句与“It is/was＋时间＋when从句”： 在这种句型中it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。 注意以下两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。 It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.我昨天是半夜到家的。 It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.我昨天到家时是半夜了。 (2)强调句型与“It is/has been＋时间＋since从句” It is/has been...since...表示“自从??以来已有??(时间)”注意以下两种句型的时态一般不同，句意也不同。
60 It is two hours that he spends on English every day.他每天花两个小时学英语。 It is two years since I began to learn English.我开始学英语有两年时间了。 三、省略 1．在以if，when，though，as if (好像)，while，once，unless，until等连词引导的从句中 If (it is) necessary，we shall send a telegram home.如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。 Errors，if (there are) any，should be corrected. 如果有什么错误，就应当改正。 The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.这封信留在这里待领。 2．不定式省略 (1)代替动词不定式后被省略的动词 I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to. ―Will you join in the game?
―I’d be glad to. (2)否定形式的省略用not to。 ―Shall I go instead of him?
―I prefer not to. (3)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。 ―Are you a sailor?
―No，but I used to be.
高考题荟萃 1.(2011全国卷I) 22. Try____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open. A. if
2.(2011全国卷I) 28. Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A. he realized
B. he did realize
C. realized he
D. did he realize 3.（2011福建卷）29.-It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink! -I’m glad you like it.
A.I have had
C. have I had
D. had I 4.(2011湖南卷)32. Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _______a decision
A. they reached
B. did they reach
C. they reach
D. do they reach
5.（2011四川卷）15. Was it on a lonely island ______ he was saved one month after the boat went down?
D. what 6.（2011陕西卷）23.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do______benefits our work most.
D. what 7.（2011重庆卷）32.―Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? ― Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made. A.that
D.which 8.(2011湖南卷)35 It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently A .which
9.（2011全国卷II）13. Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and
A. neither won’t Tom
B. Tom won’t either
C. Tom will too
D. so will Tom
10.（2011江苏卷）33. It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._______ , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A. Otherwise
C. But for that
D. If so 11.（2011辽宁卷）33.
_____ a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
D. Whether 12.(2011上海卷) 30. It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _______?
A. doesn’t it B. does it
C. don’t they
D. do they 13.（2011重庆卷）28.I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ______ ? A. could he
B. didn’t I
C. didn’t you
D. could they
(2012上海卷)37. ― Was it by cutting down staff
she saved the firm?
― No, it was by improving work efficiency.
D. that (2012湖南卷)30. It was not until I came here ___I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
D. before (2012重庆卷)32. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. A. when
(2012上海卷) 29. Only with the greatest of luck
to escape from the rising flood waters.
A. managed she
B. she managed
C. did she manage D. she did manage (2012天津卷)6. Only Mary read her composition the second time_________ the spelling mistake.
62 A. did she notice
B. she noticed C. does she notice
D. she has noticed (2012山东卷)31. ― I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather.
― _________. I can’t stand all this rain.
A. I don’t care
B. It’s hard to say
C. So am I
D. I hope so (2012重庆卷)33. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor ________ it a thought. A. does he even given
B. he even gives
C. will he even give
D. he will even given (2012四川卷)5. This is not my story, nor ________ the whole story. My story plays out differently. A. is there
B. there is
(2012江西卷)32．Never before
seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A．had she B．she had C．has she D．she has (2012辽宁卷)32. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago
having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered
B. had he considered
C. he considered
D. did he consider
(2012北京卷)31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please. A. Knock
B. Knocking
C. Knocked
D. To knock (2012重庆卷)31. Before you quit your job, ________ how your family would feel about your decision. A. consider
B. considering
C. to consider
D. considered
(2012江苏卷) 25. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, ________? A. is there
B. isn’t there
D. isn’t he
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　三年高考()英语试题分类解析 特殊句式(倒装、反意疑问、强调、省略以及祈使)_高考_高中教育_教育专区。飞扬英语之精典语法 高考单项选择试题,答案详细 三年... 　特殊句式 强调、省略和倒装_英语_高中教育_教育专区。【高考备战】高考英语语法复习专题 特殊句式--强调、省略和倒装 (重点知识归纳+考点聚焦+仿真演练,22页)【... 　高考英语特殊句式强调句,倒装句,省略句_英语_高中教育_教育专区。高考英语语法突破---特殊句式 强调句考点归纳一、考查强调句的陈述句形式 1.It was in New ... 　十年高考()英语试题分类解析 特殊句式(倒装、反意疑问、强调、省略以及祈使)_高考_高中教育_教育专区。讲解详细,独到,共28页飞扬... 　特殊句式(强调、省略、主... 46页 1下载券 高考英语 语法 特殊句式... 46...完全倒装 完全倒装是指将谓语的全部提至主语之前。 1. 表地点、时间、方位等... 　在考查强调句的同时,把定语从句、省略句以及强调 专题十一 特殊句式(倒装、强调、主谓一致等)常考点 近几年,高考中有关特殊句式注重考查知识之间的交叉,因此,也... 　第十三讲 特殊句式(强调、省略和倒装)(学生版)_高一英语_英语_高中教育_教育专区。2013届高考英语新课程精讲精练强调句的两种基本句型 1.It+is/was+被强调部分... 　嘉兴英语教学网
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英语语法强调句：如何对not… until…句式进行强调
来源：新东方网整理
　　英语语法强调句：如何对not… until…句式进行强调
　　对not…until句式的强调有固定的句型，即It is / was not until…that…如：
　　It was not until yesterday that I noticed it.
　　直到昨天我才注意到此事。
　　It was not until I saw Mary that I felt happy.
　　直到见到玛丽我才高兴起来。
　　It was not until you had explained how that I managed to do it.
　　直到你给我解释了理由，我才会做的。
　　It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
　　直到她取下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名影星。
　　It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.
　　直到我遇到你以后，我才真正体会到幸福。
　　It was not until you had explained how that I managed to do it.
　　直到你给我解释了理由，我才会做。
　　请看两道题：
　　(1) It _______ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _______ I found we had a lot in common.
　　A. was until； when B. was until； that
　　C. wasn’t until； when D. wasn’t until； that
　　答案为D。此题考查not…until…句式的强调形式——It was not until…that…的用法。注意不要想当然地将其中的that换成when。
　　(2) It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
　　A. when B. that
　　C. where D. before
　　答案为B。考查not…until…的强调形式，其基本结构为it was not until….that…形式。
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高考英语语法专项突破：特殊句式(1)
作者：hongmeizxxk
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高考英语语法考点：强调句语法归纳
来源：新东方网整理
　　高考英语语法贯穿在高考英语选择题、改错题、高考英语作文中，在进行阅读理解和完形填空时也用得到。可以说单词是英语学习的基础、语法是英语学习的架构。高考英语语法不难，总结起来也就十几点，在听课和做题中不断揣摩其中的规律，再反过来通过题目精炼。新东方高考英语语法总结系列，整理了有关名词、非谓语动词、从句、英语语气时态语态等必考考点。
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强调的类别
It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…
为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构：
It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…
表示强调的it在这种结构的
句子中作主句的主语。
原始句：Last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
强调主语：It was I that (or: who) saw a film in the Youth Palace last night.
强调宾语：It was a fiml that I saw in the Youth Palace last night.
强调地点状语：It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night.
强调时间状语：It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace.
一般讲，原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态，用It is…that (who)…；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was… that(who)…。
①在强调主语时，that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的
It is I who am a teacher.
②即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数
It is they who often help me with my lessons.
③在强调时间、地点、原因、或方式状语时，不要用when,where,why
或 how ，而用that
It was because her mother was ill that she didn't go with us.
④在强调not … until 结构中由 until 短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，
要用固定的强调句型
It is(was) not until ...that...。that 从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。
My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night.
It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.
⑤在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序：
把is/ was提到it前面。
Did this happen in Beijing?
Was it in Beijing that this happened?
⑥特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是“被强调部分（通
常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/was + it + that/ who + 其它部分?"
Where were you born?
Where was it that you were born?
⑦not …until…句型的强调句[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]
句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分
原始句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通
用；因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句
要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。
谓语动词的强调
It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。
Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week.上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street.
过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
此种强调只用do/does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。
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