扫二维码下载作业帮
拍照搜题，秒出答案，一键查看所有搜题记录
下载作业帮安装包
扫二维码下载作业帮
拍照搜题，秒出答案，一键查看所有搜题记录
英语句子分析例句：Instead,the studies ended up giving their name to the "hawthorne effect ",the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon change subjects' behavior.问：the very act of being experimented upon 在同位从句中作主语,不理解这样的结构也能作主语,请分析一下,特别是of 后面的being experimented upon
东村H泙庨庄沬
扫二维码下载作业帮
拍照搜题，秒出答案，一键查看所有搜题记录
the very act of being experimented upon 主语,of being experimented upon 做 the very act 的定语,属于 of 短语做后置定语
为您推荐：
其他类似问题
of being experimented upon 是 act 的修饰语，that 后面的主语是the very act
扫描下载二维码Questioning&the&Hawthorne&effect
Light work
Jun 4th 2009
From The Economist print edition
Being watched may not affect behaviour, after all
WHEN America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to
supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large
telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago in
1924, it hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting affected
workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended up giving their
name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that
the very act of being experimented upon changes subjects’
behaviour.
The idea arose because of the perplexing behaviour of the women
who assembled relays and wound coils of wire in the Hawthorne
plant. According to accounts of the experiments, their hourly
output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was
dimmed. It did not
so long as something was
changed, productivity rose. An awareness that they were being
experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers’ behaviour
by itself.
The data from the illumination experiments had never been
rigorously analysed and were believed lost. But Steven Levitt and
John List, two economists at the University of Chicago, discovered
that the data had survived the decades in two archives in Milwaukee
and Boston, and decided to subject them to econometric analysis.
The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store for them.
Contrary to the descriptions in the literature, they found no
systematic evidence that levels of productivity in the factory rose
whenever changes in lighting were implemented.
It turns out that idiosyncrasies in the way the experiments were
conducted may have led to misleading interpretations of what
happened. For example, lighting was always changed on a Sunday,
when the plant was closed. When it reopened on Monday, output duly
rose compared with Saturday, the last working day before the
change, and continued to rise for the next couple of days. But a
comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation
showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers tended to
beaver away for the first few days of the working week in any case,
before hitting a plateau and then slackening off.
Another of the original observations was that output fell when
the trials ceased, suggesting that the act of experimentation
caused increased productivity. But experimentation stopped in the
summer, and it turns out from the records of production after the
experiments that output tended to fall in the summer anyway.
Perhaps workers were just hot.
There is a suggestion in the data that productivity was more
responsive to changes in artificial than natural light. This could
be interpreted as a subtler version of the Hawthorne effect, if you
believe that workers were aware that changes in artificial light
were induced by the experimenters, whereas natural light was
changing on its own. But even this evidence is weak. For something
so influential and intuitively appealing, it turns out that the
Hawthorne effect is remarkably hard to pin down.
Notes: Hawthorne effect
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: ,
The Hawthorne effect is a form of
whereby subjects improve an aspect of their behavior being
experimentally measured simply in response to the fact that they
are being studied,
not in response to any particular experimental manipulation.
The term was coined in 1955 by Henry A. Landsberger
when analyzing older experiments from
(outside Chicago).
had commissioned a study to see if its workers would become more
productive in higher or lower levels of light. The workers'
productivity seemed to improve when changes were made and slumped
when the study was concluded. It was suggested that the
productivity gain was due to the motivational effect of the
interest being shown in them. Subsequent study of the results has
found that productivity varied due to other factors such as the
weekly cycle of work or the seasonal temperature and so the initial
conclusions were overstated and the effect was weak or
Although illumination research of workplace lighting formed the
basis of the Hawthorne effect, other changes such as maintaining
clean work stations, clearing floors of obstacles, and even
relocating workstations resulted in increased productivity for
short periods of time. Thus the term is used to identify any type
of short-lived increase in productivity.
Comments: See Prof. Levit again:)
已投稿到：
以上网友发言只代表其个人观点，不代表新浪网的观点或立场。扫二维码下载作业帮
2亿+学生的选择
下载作业帮安装包
扫二维码下载作业帮
2亿+学生的选择
帮忙看看这个that是什么从句The studies ended up giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect",the extremely influential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changed subjects` behavior.
扫二维码下载作业帮
2亿+学生的选择
that后是idea的解释,同位语.
为您推荐：
其他类似问题
此处的that 是引导 idea 的同位语从句
扫描下载二维码}