“三十而立”的诸多英译
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|个人分类:|系统分类:|关键词:三十而立 中国 孔子 人生 博士
博友刘玉仙女士在其博士论文的后记中引用了孔子《为政•第二》中的名句，以表达她对人生的认识。她和我都是在40多岁完成的博士论文，所以对她的遭际深表理解。而且我也认为，孔子所言之“四十不惑”并不完全成立。中国向来都有“人过三十不学艺”的说法，因为按照孔子的说法，人到三十岁就“而立”了。但我们却没有“立”起来，孔子的原话是“吾十有五，而志于学。三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲。不逾矩”。刘玉仙女士重点在谈感受，所以她一上来就有一段简单翻译，并认为译得不好。但我觉得前半部分译得不好，后面那句还不错：At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself. Life begins at forty. 为什么说前半部分不好？因为这句话的主语，孔子是位男子，当然他可以说“吾”（我）。可是这句的译文却把“我”泛化了，成了a man（任何一个男人），这就脱离孔子的本意，我想在孔子那个时代女人的地位并不高，所以刘玉仙大概也不认同这一点。可是后面那一句，Life begins at forty我猜想似乎是刘女士的真正想法。我早就说过，。例如“女人四十豆腐渣”就是一例。可是现在的说法却改为“”。The Master said: "At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. At thirty, I stood firm. At forty, I had no doubts. At fifty, I know the decrees of Heaven. At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right."而韦利的翻译是这样的：The Master said, At fifteen I set my heart upon learning. At thirty, I had planted my feet firm upon the ground. At forty, I no longer suffered from perplexities. At fifty, I knew what were the biddings of Heaven. At sixty, I heard them with docile ear. At seventy, I could follow the dict for what I desired no longer overstepped the boundaries of right.究竟哪种更好？刘玉仙并没有用理和韦译，可在后记中又要用到这句话，怎么办？刘博友查到了Wikipeadia的译法（恕我驽钝没有查到）：When I am fifteen, I aspired to learn. At thirty, I can be independent. At forty, I am not deluded. （I no longer suffered from perplexities？）At fifty, I knew my destiny. At sixty, I knew truth in all I heard. At seventy, I could follow my heart's desire without overstepping the line.，这一译法明显与理雅各的相似："At fifteen my heart at thirty I at forty I at fifty I knew t at sixty at seventy I could follow my heart's desire without transgressing the norm."但还有几种是近年来中国人翻译的，例如，山东曲阜师范大学的李天辰等人译的：The Master said, “At fifteen I set my heart upon learning. At thirty I was firmly established. At forty I had no more doubts. At fifty I knew the rules of things in the universe. At sixty I could judge correctly whatever I have heard. At seventy I could follow my heart’s desire without violating the regulations.” 李天辰等译《论语汉英对照读本》，山东大学出版社，1991年版，第13页以及华语教学出版社1994年的版本：Confucius said, “Since the age of 15, I have devote since 30, I have b since 40, I have understood many things and have no
since 50, I have known my heaven- since 60, I have been able to distinguish right and wrong in other people’ and since 70, I have been able to do what I intend freely without breaking the rules.” 《论语》Analects of Confucius:文白、汉英对照、蔡希勤中文译注；赖波、夏玉和英文翻译。北京：华语教学出版社，1994年版，第8页当然还有其他的一些译法，我不能罗列了，仅举刘玉仙在她的回复中所提到的丘文明的译文：The Master said,"At fifteen I resolved to study seriously. At thirty I became established. At forty I was free of doubts. At fifty I knew destiny, at sixty the ear functioned smoothly. At seventy I could follow my heart's desire and not step out-of-bounds还有其他几种也稍上，算是那41种译文中的代表吧：Confucius said," Since the age of 15, I have devote Since 30, I have b since 40, I have understood many things and have no
Since 50, I have known my heaven- since 60, I have been able to distinguish right and wrong in other people' and since 70, I have been able to do waht I intend freely without breaking the rules."The Master said, 'At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. At thirty, I stood firm. At forty, I had no doubts. &At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven. At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. &At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right.当然，还有其他博友的抛砖引玉的译法，尤其是刘立的，我就不好意思提了。
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