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高考英语易错题总汇
2012 年高考英语易错题总汇(附详解)基础题，人人会做，显不出优势；高难题，人人不会做，拉不开距离；陷阱题，表面看 起来很容易，所需知识也不一定很难，但其中隐含机关，预设陷阱，尽管你完全具备做好此 类题的知识和能力，但由于你理解角度不对、分析思路不活、做题方法不当、使用技法不巧 等，可能自认为捡了个大便宜，而实际上却刚好掉入了命题人为你精心准备的陷阱。不信你 就看看
下面几道题： 1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant. A. that C. that that B. what D. what what仔细想想看，选 A 还是选 B？请给出你的决定――未作决定之前请不要往后看！你的 分析可能是这样的： 选项 C 和 D 不太可能是正确答案，因为像这样两个D引导词‖叠用的情况一般不可能。 在 A 和 B 两个选项中，选项 A 肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以 只能选 B 了。 事实是：如果你选 A，肯定错了；如果你选 B，那也错了。此题最佳答案是 D，其中 第一个 what 用作动词 meant 的宾语， 第二个 what 用作动词 said 的宾语， 即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中， none of us understood 为主句， what what he said meant 为宾语从句， 而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。 假若去掉句末的 meant，则答案就是 B 了。 分析有道理吗？有点启发吗？你可要客观地评价噢！请再看一题： 2. Everyone knows that _______ is dangerous to play with fire, but _______ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire. A. it, it C. it, what B. what, what D. what, it这次可要想好！请拿定主意，选 C 还是选 D？未作决定之前请不要往后看！你的分析 可能是这样的： 此题既不选 C，也不选 D，而是选 A。因为两处的空格均填形式主语 it。2 事实上，你又错了。此题的最佳答案是 C：第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不 定式 to play with fire； 而第二空应填 what， what is difficult 是主语从句， 注意 what is difficult 后的谓语动词 is。有点收获吧，再请做做以下类似试题： (1) I know ______ is important to know my own limitations, but _______ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.1A. it, it C. it, whatB. what, what D. what, it(2) Yes, ______ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _____ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do. A. it, it C. it, what B. what, what D. what, it答案选什么，估计你不会选错了，你若还不放心，请往本书后面有关去找找，那里有明 确的答案。对此有兴趣吗？那就再看一题吧！ 3. Let‘s make it at seven o‘clock on Tuesday morning at my office if ________. A. you‘re convenient C. you feel convenient B. it is convenient for you D. it is convenient with you先仔细想好，看选项 A 和 C 哪个更佳，当然也可能 A 和 C 都不对，答案在 B、D 当中。 不过，主意你自己拿。我猜你的答案不是 A 就可能是 C，因为你可能将汉语中的D如果你方 便的话‖直译为 if you are convenient 或 if you feel convenient 了。 其实最佳答案是 B，因为英语中的 convenient 不是表示D感到方便的‖，而是表示D使人 感到方便的‖，所以 be convenient 的主语通常不能是D人‖。要表示D如果你方便的话‖，英语 通常 if it is convenient for [to] you，其中的介词可用 for 或 to，但一般不用 with。顺便说一 句，偶尔也可见到用人或物作 be convenient 的主语，但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点： 句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，如： Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. / It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去见 玛丽较为方便。 The furniture is convenient to move. / It is convenient to move the furniture. 这家具搬起来 很方便。 怎么样，再看最后一题： 4. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, DIs there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?‖ A. that C. where B. which D. what此题该选哪个答案？你可能毫不犹豫地选了 B，是吗？你的想法很可能是：around 是 介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。 对不起，还是错了。最佳答案应是 C。你的分析并不算太错，但问题是，照你的分析， 此句的意思便是： 有没有这样一家医院， 我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显 然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的2理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为D在附近‖；其后的 where 引导定语从 句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital， 句意为： 附近有没有一家医院， 我可以去治我的手伤？ 类似的例子我们就不再罗列了，您若对此有兴趣，您若觉得您在这方面还比较薄弱，您 若觉得这些知识对您还有必要，请继续往下读，后面的内容会更丰富、更精彩。当然，您若 对此没有兴趣，或者您已是这方面的高手，建议您最好别看了，耽误了您不少时间，实在抱 歉！冠词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 1. DDo you know ______ English for ?帅哥‘?‖ DI‘m afraid I don‘t. I‘m not interested in _______ English language.‖ A. the, the C. 不填, the B. the, 不填 D. 不填, 不填【陷阱】容易误选 D，因为表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词。 【分析】最佳答案为 A。在英语中，表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词，但在某些特殊情 况下可用冠词。如： (1) 当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。如： The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. 美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有点不同。 (2) 当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时，其前要用定冠词。如： What‘s the English for this? 这个东西用英语怎么说? (3) 当在语言名词后加上 language 一词时，也要用冠词。如： There have been many changes in the history of the English language. 英语发展过程中有很 多变革。 2. I couldn‘t remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was ______ Sunday because everybody was at ______ church. A. a, the C. 不填, a B. a, 不填 D. 不填, 不填【陷阱】容易误选 D，因为星期名词前不加冠词；而 at church 表示在教堂里做礼拜， 其中也不用冠词。3【分析】最佳答案为 B。确实，在通常情况下星期名词前不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况 下还是可以用冠词的，如表示特指，其前可用定冠词；表示D某一个‖或受描绘性定语修饰表 示D某种‖这样的意义等，其前可用不定冠词。如： He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday. 他星期日来，星期一就走了。 My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 我的生日碰巧是星期六。 3. Which person do you refer to, the one with ______ long hair or the one with _______ long beard? A. a, a C. a, 不填 B. 不填，不填 D. 不填，a【陷阱】误选 A 或 B，认为 hair(头发)和 beard(胡须)性质和用法应该差不多，要么都可 数，要么都不可数，或者说要么都用不定冠词，要么都不用。 【分析】最佳答案选 D。hair 和 beard 在用法上并不完全相同：hair 可用作可数或不 可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说 There‘s a hair in my soup (我 的汤里有根头发)；用作不可数名词（集合名词）时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。比较： He has gray hairs. 他有几根白发了。 He has gray hair. 他满头白发了。 而 beard 则通常只用作可数名词，且指的是一个人所有的胡须，而不是指一根胡须，它 的复数形式，通常是指多个人的胡须，而不是指多根胡须，如： He no longer wears a beard. 他不再留胡须。 Not all men grow beards. 并不是所有的男人都留胡须。 4. I once watched _______ one-act play, which was played by _______ 11-year-old boy. A. a, a C. a, an 【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案填 C。第一空填 a，因为 one-act 的读音是]? ? ? [，它的第一 ? ? ? 个音是辅音不是元音；第二空填 an，是因为 11 的英文是 ]? ? ? eleven[，它的第一个 ? ? ? 音是元音不是辅音。类似以下各题的答案是 C 不是其他： (1) Before he was arrested, he had taken _______ one-month holiday, and stayed in the country with ________ 18-year-old girl, one of his students. A. a, a C. a, an B. an, an D. an, a B. an, an D. an, a(2) We hired _______ one-eyed man to play in our film, and we gave him _______ 100-pound check for just one minute. A. a, an B. an, a4C. a, aD. an, an5. DHave you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.‖ DIs it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.‖ A. a, the C. a, a B. the, the D. the, a【陷阱】误选 A，生搬硬套冠词用法规则：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词，第二 次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。 【分析】 最佳答案为 C。 第一空填 a， 比较好理解； 而第二空填 a 是因为此句中的 one 并 非指前面提到的 pen， 即这里的 one 与前面的 pen 并非同一事物， 这从后面一句的 I think I saw it somewhere 可以清楚地知道。请比较下面一题： DHave you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.‖ DIs it _____ black one? I found it in the corner.‖ A. a, the C. a, a B. the, the D. the, a此题的最佳答案是 A 不是 C。请注意其后 I found it in the corner 这一信息，它表明说 明者是拿着笔在与对方说话。请再看一个类似的例子： DHave you seen _______ new bike? I put it here just now.‖ DIs it _______ white one? A boy has ridden it away.‖ A. a C. the B. the D. a此题答案选 A，注意其后的 A boy has ridden it away 表明自行车已不在说话者身旁。 6. My friend Mary is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl everyone likes to work with. A. a, a C. the, a B. a, the D. the, the【陷阱】很容易误选 B，认为第一次提到 girl 用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠 词。 【分析】最佳答案为 A。句中第二次提到 girl 时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句， 补充完整为 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 请 再做以下试题(答案选 A)： (1) Jim is _______ brave boy and _______ boy never fearing anything. A. a, a C. the, a B. a, the D. the, the(2) It is really _______ useful dictionary and _______ dictionary every one of us needs. A. a, a B. a, the5C. the, aD. the, the◆精编陷阱题训练◆ 1. Since tasting the excitement of _____ big city life, she never wants to live in _____ country again. A. the, the C. the, 不填 B. 不填，不填 D. 不填，the2. The operation is _____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger. A. a, the C. 不填, the B. a, 不填 D. 不填，不填3. As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure. A. a, a C. 不填，不填 B. a, the D. a, 不填4. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _____. A. on the Sunday C. on Sunday B. on a Sunday D. at a Sunday5. This is _____ best kind of _____ pen you can get here. A. the, the C. the, 不填 B. the, a D. a, the6. As is known to us all, _____ tiger is in _____ danger of becoming extinct. A. the, a C. a, 不填 B. the, 不填 D. 不填, the7. He spent too much time talking on ______ phone while we were all busy at _____ work. A. the, 不填 C. 不填, 不填 B. a, 不填 D. the, the8. As _______ unemployment is very high at the moment, it‘s very difficult for people to find _______ work. A. the, 不填 C. the, a B.不填，不填 D. an, the9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _______ bedroom apartment. A. one a B. the one C. one D. a one10. The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic. A. 不填, 不填 B. the, a6C. 不填, theD. the, 不填11. I often have conversations with John over ______ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by ______ letter. A. 不填；the C. the；不填 B. 不填；a D. a12. ―John has put forward _______ most challenging question for us to answer. ―Yes, it really is. I have never heard _______ harder one. A. 不填 C. the B. 不填; the D. a13. DWhat about ______ school?‖ DIt is as good, as anybody can see, _____ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.‖ A. the C. a B. a D. the14. The market for ______ used computers is getting larger and larger as______ years go on. A. 不填, 不填 C. the, the B. the, 不填 D. 不填, the15. DCharley Oakley, ______ NBA All-star, hasn‘t missed ______ game in the past three years.‖ DI can hardly believe it.‖ A. the C. a B. the D. a16. In the market, vegetables are sold by _______ kilogram, I mean, by _______ weight. A. 不填 C. the B.不填; 不填 D.不填；the17. Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today. A. the, an C. the, the B. a, 不填 D. 不填, the18. The cakes are delicious. I‘d like to have _______ third one as _______ second one I ate was too small. A. the, the C. the, a B. a, the D. a, a19. ________ England of those years was _______ England in peace. A. 不填, 不填 C. The, 不填 B. The, an D. 不填, an720. ― Did you happen to see _______ black and _______ white cat? ― Are they missing? I told you to take care of them. A. 不填 C. the 【答案与解析】 1. 选 D，big city life 表泛指，其前不用冠词；country 表示D农村‖时，其前习惯上要用 定冠词。 2. 选 B，success 在此指D成功的事‖，为可数名词；out of danger（脱离危险）为习语， 其中不用冠词。 3. 选 A，其中的 failure 在此指D失败的人‖，为可数名词。 4. 选 B，Sunday 前用不定冠词，表示D某一个‖。 5. 选 C，kind of 后的名词通常不用冠词。 6. 选 B，当概括事物的种类时，用定冠词，不用不定冠词；另外 in danger of 是短语， 不用冠词。 7. 选 A。on the phone 和 at work 均为习语，其中一个带冠词，一个不带冠词。 8. 选 B。unemployment 和 work 均为不可数名词，表示一般意义时其前不用冠词。 9. 选 D。a one bedroom apartment 意为D一套只带一间卧室的套房‖。 10. 选 B。the young 意为D年轻人‖，定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物；第二 空填不定冠词修饰名词 topic。 11. 选 A。over [on] the telephone 为习语，意为D通过电话‖；若用 by telephone 则不用 冠词，类似地，by letter（通过信件）也不用冠词。 12. 选 D。第一空后的 most 不是构成最高级，而是表示D很‖、D十分‖，故其前用 a；第 二空也填 a，该句为 I have never heard a harder one than this one 的省略。 13. 选 B。第一空填 the，表特指；第二空填 a，表泛指，as good a school as No. Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University 意为D与湖南师大附中一样好的一所中学‖。 14. 选 A。used computers 与 years 均为复数名词表示泛指意思，其前不用冠词。 15. 选 D。NBA 中的 N 读音为 ]? [，即前面一个音为元音，故填 an 不填 a；第二空 ? 填 a 表泛指，泛指任何一场比赛。 16. 选 A。 介词 by 表示D以…计‖时， 若后接单数可数名词， 其前要用定冠词， 如： the by week 按周，按星期 / by the ton 按吨 / by the yard 按码 / by the meter 按米；若后接抽象名 词，则通常不用冠词，如：by volume 按体积 / by weight 按重量。 17. 选 B。knowledge 虽为不可数名词，但其前却可用不定冠词，表示某种程度的知识， 有类似 some 的意思；第二空不填冠词，是因为 trade 为不可数名词，表示泛指时不用冠词。 B. 不填 D. the818. 选 B。序数词前通常用定冠词，表示特指（如第一空）；有时也用不定冠词，表示 原有数量上的增加（如第一空）。 19. 选 B。原则上说，专有名词前不用冠词，但在些特殊情况下也可用冠词。此题第一 空填定冠词，表特指，即指D那时的英国‖；第二空填不定冠词，表示具有某种特征。 20. 选 C。Are they missing? 中的代词 they 是一个很重要的信息词，它表明上文中的 _______ black and _______ white cat 是两只猫而不是一只猫，所以 C。the black and white cat 可视为 the black cat and the white cat 之省略。若选 A，则表示D一只黑白相间的猫‖。名词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes. A. a, tear C. a, tears B. a piece of, tears D. a piece of, tear【陷阱】误选 D，许多学生错误地认为，既然 news(消息)和 paper(纸)均为不可数名词， 那么 newspaper(报纸)也应是不可数的； 同时认为D眼泪‖即D泪水‖， D水‖不可数， D泪水‖和D眼 泪‖也应该不可数。 【分析】 最佳答案为 C。 newspaper 和 tear 均为可数名词， 它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、 可以用复数，而且还可以连用数词。 Her eyes filled with tears. 她热泪盈眶。 She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼泪。 The newspapers were full of lies. 报纸上一片谎言。 A newspaper is a publication. 报纸是一种出版物。 顺便说一句，若不是将 newspaper 当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西，而只是把它 当成一种D纸‖来看待，也可用作不可数名词，如： Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用张报纸包起来。 2. Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company. A. cooker, typewriter C. cooker, typist B. cook, typist D. cook, typewriter【陷阱】 误选 A， 许多同学想当然地认为： cook 用作动词， 表示D煮饭‖， 所以 cooker 应 是其相应的名词，表示D煮饭的人‖，即D厨师‖；type 用作动词，表示D打字‖，所以 typewriter 应表示D打字员‖。9【分析】而事实是：cook=厨师，cooker=炊具；typist=打字员，typewriter=打字机。即 此题正确答案为 B。 3. DWhy couldn‘t they meet us at five o‘clock?‖ DBecause they were delayed by ________.‖ A. heavy traffic C. crowded traffic 【陷阱】B、C、D 三项均容易误选。 【分析】对于此题，首先要明确 traffic 为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除 B 和 D。 另外，汉语习惯说D交通拥挤‖，而英语习惯上却不能用 crowded 来修饰 traffic，要表示汉语 的D交通拥挤‖，英语通常说 heavy traffic，即选 A。如下面一题也是选 A： She is not a competent driver and can‘t cope with driving in _______. A. heavy traffic C. crowded traffic B. heavy traffics D. crowded traffics B. heavy traffics D. crowded traffics4. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem. A. cattle is C. cattles are B. cattle are D. the cattles are【陷阱】此题容易误选 A，想当然地认为 cattle 是单数，并且空格有表单数的 one，自 然谓语动词用 is。 【陷阱】其实，正确答案为 B。cattle(牲畜，牛)为集合名词，尽管它不带复数词尾-s， 却永远表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。又如： For this many cattle were killed. 为此宰了不少牲畜。 The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。 类似地，police(警察)，people(人)，police(警察)，poultry(家禽)等也具有同样用法，即 只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义；用作主语时谓语通常也用复数；不与 a(n) 连用，但可 与 the 连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如： The poultry have been fed. 家禽已经喂过饲料了。 In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英国警察通常不带枪。 It annoys me when people forget to say Dthank you‖. 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛 快。 5. By all _______, you must try every _______ to help him. A. mean, mean C. means, mean B. means, means D. mean, means【陷阱】误选 C，认为第一空前有 all 修饰，故用 means，而第二空前有 every 修饰，故 用 mean。10【分析】其实，means 是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说，在表 示D方式‖、D方法‖时，不存在 mean 这一形式(mean 主要用作动词，表示D意思是‖；也可用 作名词，表示D中间‖、D中庸‖)。此题正确答案为 C，by all means 为习语，意为D一定‖、D尽 一切办法‖。顺便说一句，means 用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较： All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。 Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。 若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如： Is [Are] there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱 吗? 6. Jim is ______ person, and everyone is willing to be ______ with him. A. so kind a, friends C. so kind a, friend B. so a kind, friends D. so a kind, friend【陷阱】误选 C 或 D。认为 friend 要用单数。 【分析】其实此题最佳答案为 A。so kind a person 相当于 such a kind person，注意两者 中冠词的位置不同。be friends with 是习语，意为D与……友好‖、D跟……做朋友‖，与之同义 的类似地还有 make friends with。值得说明的是，这类短语中的名词总是用复数，即使句子 主语为单数也是如此。如： He is friends with me. 他与我是朋友。 He has made friends with everyone here. 他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。 7. We already have ______ pencils, but we need two ______ pens. A. dozen of, dozen C. dozens of, dozen 【陷阱】误选 B。 【分析】此题最佳答案为 C。关于 dozen 的复数是否加词尾-s 的问题比较复杂，大致原 则是： (1) 当它与具体数字连用时，既不加复数词尾-s，也不后接介词 of。尽管有的词书也有 two dozen of 这样的用例，但这已属过时用法，在考试中应避免，如 1992 年全国高考有一 道单项选择题就认为 two dozen of 为错误选项： Shortly after the accident, _____ police were sent to the spot to keep order. A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen [D] B. dozens of, dozens D. dozens of, dozen of(2) 当它不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s，而 且要后接介词 of，此时可将 dozens of(许多，几十)视为习语。如： I‘ve been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次。 She‘s got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。11下面一例中的 dozens 加了复数词尾-s 也属为似情况： Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧。 (3) 当与 a few, several 等数目不很具体的词连用时，加不加复数词尾-s 均可，但需注 意：不加复数词尾-s 时，其后的介词 of 可以省略；加词尾-s 时，其后介词 of 不能省略。如： several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils 几打铅笔 注：英语较少使用 many dozen 的说法，要表示类似意思可用 dozens of。 (4) 当它后面的名词受 the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是 us, them 这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词 of。如： two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋 three dozen of them 它们中的 3 打 注：score, hundred, thousand, million 等也具有以上类似用法。 8. She raised her finger to her lips as _____ for silence. A. an idea C. a sign 【陷阱】容易误选 B。 【分析】 应选 C， 与 mark 的区别是： sign sign 的意思是D迹象‖、 D征兆‖gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或头等做出示意动 作以传递信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth(书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及 常识可知答案为 C。类似地，下面两题的答案也是 C： (1) Those black clouds are a sure _____ that it‘s going to rain. A. thing C. sign B. mark D. one B. a mark D. a word(2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a ______ of good harvest next year. A. mark C. sign B. track D. appearance但是，下面一题却不能选 sign，也不能选 mark，而选 symbol(象征)： The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _____ of courage and power. A. example C. mark B. sign D. symbol顺便说一句， 在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试 题经常出现，同学们需引起注意。 9. DMay I take your order now?‖ DWe‘d like three black _______ and two green _______.‖12A. coffee, cups of teas C. cups of coffee, teaB. coffees, teas D. cup of coffees, teas【陷阱】误选 C，认为 coffee 和 tea 均为不可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s，从而排除 选项 A、B、D。 【分析】选 B。有的同学认为 coffee 和 tea 是物质名词，不可数，不能用 three coffees, two teas 这样的表达。其实，coffee 既可用作不可数名词，表示D咖啡‖这种物质，也可用作 可数名词， 表示D一杯咖啡‖， 即在口语中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。 同样， D三 杯茶‖既可说成 three cups of tea，也可说成 three teas；D三杯啤酒‖既可说成 three glasses of beer，也可说成 three beers。 10. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. Walk C. The walk 【陷阱】容易误选 A 或 D。 【分析】最佳答案为 B。分析如下： (1) 首先，选项 D 不如选项 B 佳，因为，不定式通常表示特定的动作，而动名词才表 示习惯性的动作。 (2) 尽管 walk 用作名词时可以表示D散步‖， 但它是可数名词， 指的是一次一次的具体的 散步，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的D散步‖，要表示此义，要用动名词 walking。比较： How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何? Walking does good to your health. 散步对你的健康有益。 类似地，dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming 的区别也是一样： (1) 名词的 dance 表示D跳舞‖，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞，而不表示 抽象意义或泛指意义的D跳舞‖，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 dancing。比 较： Let‘s have a dance. 我们跳曲舞吧。 He is interested in dancing. 他对跳舞感兴趣。 (2) 名词的 swim 表示D游泳‖，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的游泳，而不表示 抽象意义或泛指意义的D游泳‖，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 swimming。 比较： She had a swim every day. 她每天游一会儿泳。 She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。 B. Walking D. To walk◆精编陷阱题训练◆ 1. Ten years had passed. I found she had _______.13A. a few white hairs C. some white hair 2.―Hi, this way, please.B. a little white hair D. more fifty hair―OK.I sometimes have no sense of ______ when I arrive at the crossroad. A. position C. situation B. direction D. condition3. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________. A. intention C. purpose B. attempt D. desire4. I didn‘t have to work all weekend ― I did it by _______. A. chance C. accident B. choice D. myself5. DDid you get _____ to the party?‖ DYes, I replied to it this morning.‖ A. an answer C. a question B. an invitation D. a letter6. I paid him ￡50 for the painting, but its true ______ must be at least ￡500. A. price C. value B. money D. importance7. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any ______ of it. A. explanation C. sense B. meaning D. guess8. You‘ve just missed your ______, and you will have to wait for the next round. A. chance C. time B. turn D. part9. ―Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well. ―It‘s no ______ he always gets the first place in any examination. A. question C. problem 10. ―How can I use this washing machine? ―Well, just refer to the _______. A. explanations C. introductions B. expressions D. directions B. doubt D. wonder11. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.14A. rooms number C. room‘s numbers 12. ―Hello, I‘d like to speak to Henry.B. room number D. room numbers―Oh, which _______? There are two ______ in our office. A. Henrys, Henrys C. Henry, Henrys B. Henries, Henries D. Henrys, Henries13. Electricity, like other forms of ______, has greatly increased in price in recent years. A. pressure C. strength B. force D. energy14. In order to learn the _______ of the family business, Bill took a job as messenger boy in one of the offices. A. ins and outs C. heads and tails 15. ―I‘ve got an DA‖ in the examination. ―That‘s a good ______. You will surely win a second. A. result C. start 【答案与解析】 1. 选 A。hair 可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发， 如说 There‘s a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发)；用作不可数名词时，则是整体地指一个 人的头发。 2. 选 B。需根据句意来分析。have no sense of direction 意为D没有方向感‖。 3. 选 B。需根据句意来分析。attempt 在此表示D尝试‖。 4. 选 B，由于上文说 didn‘t have to work，所以下文相应的语境应是 did it by choice。 类似地，下面一题应选 D，也是因为 choice 与下文的 have to do it 相呼应： Were you given a _____, or did you have to do it? A. job C. request B. duty D. choice B. news D. idea D. t‘s and i‘s B. dos and don‘ts5. 选 B。注意其后的 to the party 和 replied to it。 6. 选 C。value 指D价值‖。 7. 选 C。make sense of 意为D明白‖、D理解‖。比较：make sense 意为D有意义‖、D意思 清楚‖、D有道理‖。如下面一题选 D： What he told us about the situation simply doesn‘t make any ______. A. use B. reason15C. valueD. sense8. 选 B。miss one‘s turn 电为D错过机会‖，注意下文的 …have to wait for the next round 所表示的语境。 9. 选 D。it‘s no wonder (+that 从句)的意思是D难怪‖，也可说成 No wonder (+that 从句)。 10. 选 D。directions 的意思是D使用说明‖，空格前的 refer to 意为D查看‖、D参考‖。 11. 选 D。room 为无生命名词，不用 room‘s 这样的所有格形式，在此可直接用名词 作定语。类似地，下面一题要选 B，也是一样的道理（名词作定语通常用单数不用复数）： The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a ______ yesterday. A. shoes shop B. shoe shop C. shoes‘s shop D. shoe‘s 12. 选 C。在通常情况下，专有名词具有D独一无二‖性，因此它通常没有复数形式，即 不可数。但是，专有名词的独一无二性有时是相对的，随着范围的扩大，这种独一无二性便 会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内，只有一个星期六(Saturday), 一个星期日(Sunday)等， 但是在一个月中甚至一年中， 便有多个星期六， 多个星期日了。 所以我们有时可以说： have We spent many happy Sundays there. 我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。 另外一点值得注意 的是，与一般的名词单数变复数不同，以D辅音字母+y‖结尾的专有名词，其直接加词尾-s， 而不将 y 改为 i。 13. 选 D。从常识来考虑，electricity 属于 energy，结合全句的语境，只有 D 最合适。 同样地，下面一题从常识和语境来考虑也应选 D： (1) Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas, and other forms of ______. A. source C. power B. material D. energy(2) The ______ has become extremely tense. A war could break out any time between the two sides. A. pollution C. condition B. friendship D. situation14. 选 A。ins and outs 意为D细节‖，dos and don‘ts 意为D注意事项‖，heads or tails 为掷 钱币打赌时用语，意为D你赌正面还是赌反面‖，p‘s and q‘s 主要用于 mind one‘s p‘s and q‘s， 意为D留意自己的言行‖。结合句意，选 A 最合适。 15. 选 C。从语法上看，news 不可选，因为它不可数；从意义上看，D 不可选，因为 选 D 意思不通；比较 A 和 C，选 C 最合适，因为 start 与下文的 a second 相吻合。16代词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 1. _____ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two. A. Who C. Anyone 【陷阱】容易误选 B。 【分析】最佳答案为 C。有的同学误选 B 主要是因为受以下这类句子的影响： Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。 Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。 Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。 以上三句中 whoever 引导的均为主语从句， 其中的 whoever 均可换成 anyone who， 但 是不能换成 anyone。以上试题从表面上看，与以上各例很相似，其实它们有本质的不同， 即 _____ with any common sense 中没有谓语动词，所以我们不能选 whoever。此题的正确 答案为 C，anyone 为句子主语，with any common sense 为修饰 anyone 的定语。现将此题 稍作改动如下，答案选 B： _______ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two. A. Who C. Anyone B. Whoever D. Who ever B. Whoever D. Who ever2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _____ it and they each _____ to buy one. A. like, want C. likes, want B. likes, wants D. like, wants【陷阱】容易误选 D。认为前面一空填复数动词，因为其主语是 boy and girl，为复数； 第二空填单数动词，因为其前有 each，表示D每一个‖。 【分析】事实上，此题应选 C。因为按英语习惯，every 后接两个并列的单数名词作主 语时，谓语动词要用单数，即第一空填 likes；而第二空要填复数动词 want，是因为其前的 主语是 they 而不是 each（each 为主语的同位语）。 3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia. A. any C. other B. any other D. another【陷阱】容易误选 B。选择的依据是以下大家熟悉的句型(其中的 other 不可省略)： He is taller than any other student in our class. 他是我们班最高的。17English is more widely used in international intercourse than any other language today. 现今 英语在国际交往中比其他任何语言用得都广。 【分析】但是上面一题与这类句子有所不同。这类句型到底该不该加 other，主要应看 所谈论的对象是否在比较的范围之内： 若在范围之内， 则用 other (以排除自己与自己比较)； 若不在范围之内，则不用 other。比较下面一题： China is larger than _____ country in Asia. A. any B. any other C. other D. another此题应选 B，因为 China 在 Asia 的范围之内。假若选 A，则表示D中国比亚洲的任何 国家都大‖，而中国本身也是亚洲国家，由此则得出D中国比中国大‖的荒谬结论。而选 B， 则表示D中国比亚洲任何其他国家要大‖，这才合乎事实。 4. DWhat do you think of them?‖ DI don‘t know _____ is better, so I‘ve taken _____ of them.‖ A. what, both C. which, both 【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案为 C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better 一词，由于 better 用 的是比较级，说明比较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填 both；另一方面，由于所谈 论的是两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填 which。 5. DWould you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?‖ D____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.‖ A. Neither, not C. Either, the most B. Both, more D. All, the most B. what, none C. which, none【陷阱】很容易误选 B，因为前文提到 coffee 和 beer 为两者，所以有的同学就认为 应选 both 和 more 与之对应(more 为比较级，指两者比较)。 【分析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的 milk 既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而 是除这两者外的第三者，故第二空应填 the most，即此题最佳答案为 C。 6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was? A. where C. how B. what D. which此题答案选 D， 主要与上文的 some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关， 全句句意为： D我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗?‖请看类似试题： (1) DWho told you?‖ DOh, somebody or other, I‘ve forgotten _____.‖ A. what C. which B. when D. who18此题最佳答案为 D。句意为：D谁告诉你的？‖D噢，有个人，我忘记是哪一个了。‖ (2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can‘t remember _____. A. what C. which B. when D. whom此题最佳答案为 C。句意为D有些学生开会迟到了，但我不记得是哪些学生了‖。 7. These trousers are dirty and wet ― I‘ll change into my _____. A. another C. others 【陷阱】容易误选 A、B。 【分析】 最佳答案为 C。 是从语法上看， another 后通常接单数名词， 而不接 trousers 这 样的复数名词（若用 another pair 则可以）；也不能选 trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。 最佳答案应选 C，others 相当于 other trousers，其中的 other 与前面的 these 相对照。 8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____. A. other C. the others B. the other D. another B. trousers D. other【陷阱】容易误选 B。选择依据可能是 one … the other …这一常用结构。 【分析】最佳答案为 D。使用 one … the other … 时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即 指D两者中的一个……，另一个……‖；如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的，而是针对多 者而言的，那么我们就不宜在 one 后使用 the other，而考虑用 another。又如(答案均选 D， 即选 another)： (1) Those cakes look delicious. Could I have _____ one? A. other C. the others B. the other D. another(2) I have many such novels. I‘ll bring _____ tomorrow. A. other C. the others (3) Saying is one thing and doing is _____. A. other C. the others 比较以下各例： (1) Shut ____ eye, Jim. A. another C. other B. some other D. the other B. the other D. another B. the other D. another答案选 D，因为人的眼睛只有两只，故用 one … the other … 结构。19(2) It‘s sometimes hard to tell one twin from _____. A. another C. other B. some other D. the other答案选 D，twin 意为D孪生子之一‖、D双胞胎之一‖，即指两者之一，故用 one … the other … 这一结构。 9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom. A. all C. every B. each D. either此题容易误选 A，认为既然前面出现了 four bedrooms，故填 all 与之对应。其实，此 题的最佳答案应为 B，原因是空格后的隐藏信息 its，它表示空格处应填一个单数代词，但 是不能选 C，因为 every 不能这样单独使用。 10. DIt‘s said that he is a wise leader.‖ DOh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.‖ A. anything C. anybody B. anyone D. anywhere【陷阱】容易误选 B、C。因为句子主语指人，似乎只有 B、C 才与之一致。 【分析】其实，正确答案应选 A。因为 anything but 是习语，意为D根本不是‖或D一点 也不‖，不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如： I‘ll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。 The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。 Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。 Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。 11. Tell _______ you like ― it makes no difference to me. A. anyone C. whoever B. who D. what【陷阱】容易从中文字面来理解而误选 A 或 B。 【分析】最佳答案选 C。但若将 A, B 两项合起来，即用 anyone who 这样的形式则也 可以。选 C，whoever 引导一个宾语从句，用作动词 tell 的宾语。同样地，请看以下类似 试题： (1) _____ comes is welcome. A. Anyone C. Anyone who B. Who D. Everyone此题很容易误选 A，因为从汉语意思来分析，可理解为D任何人来都欢迎‖，但若选 A， 此句的结构是混乱的， 句中有两个谓语动词 comes 和 is，但却只是一个句子。此题应选 C， anyone 是句子主语，who comes 是修饰 anyone 的定语从句。20(2) _____ comes to see me, tell him I‘m out. A. Anyone C. Whoever B. Who D. Everyone此题很容易按汉语意思误选 A，其实应选 C。whoever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who。 (3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests. A. anyone C. whoever B. whomever D. no matter who此题不能选 A，假若选 A，应在其后加上 who，即用 anyone who；也不能选 B，一是 因为空格处应填一个作主语的词(因为其后有谓语动词 shares)，二是因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个词已基本废除 (也就是说， 在现代英语中 whoever 既用作主语， 也用作宾语， 如：Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁)；也不 能选 D，因为 no matter who 只用于引导让步状语从句，不用于引导名词性从句。此题正确 答案为 C，whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。 比较下例，答案应选 A，而不是 B、C 或 D(注意句意)： It was a matter of _____ would take the position. A. who C. whom B. whoever D. whomever12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _____ easy and that we should think _____ over carefully. A. such, it C. such, 不填 【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选 C。 【分析】最佳答案选 B。第一空填 that，that 用作副词，相当于 so，又如： Is it always that hot? 总那么热吗?（其中的 that hot 可以换成 so hot，但不能换成 such hot） I can only tell you that much. 我只能告诉你这么多。（其中的 that much 可以换成 so much，但不能换成 such much） 注意第一空不能填 such，因为 such 不用作副词，即它不用于修饰形容词。 另外， 汉语中说D好好想一想‖， 通常可以不带宾语， 但英语中的 think over 是及物动词， 如果用它来表示D好好想一想‖，应根据上下文的语境让它带上适当的宾语，所以本题应用 think it over，相当于 think the problem over。 13. The camera isn‘ I want to change ______. A. another B. a good one B. that, it D. that，不填21C. it with anotherD. it for another【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选 A、B。 【分析】此题最佳答案为 D。英语中的 change sth 表示的是D换某物‖，sth 是被换的东 西，而 change sth for sth else 表示的才是D用某物换另一物‖。比较： That coat was too large and I had to change it. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件。 That coat was too large and I had to change it for a smaller one. 那件外套太大了， 我得去换 一件小一点的。 14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don‘t agree with ______. A. everything C. something B. anything D. nothing【陷阱】 此题容易误选 B， 生搬硬套不定代词用法规则： something 用于肯定句， anything 用于否定句或疑问句。 【分析】其实此题应选 A，注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的 大部分内容)，其后的 not 与 everything 构成部分否定，意为D不是所有的都同意‖，前后两 部分用转折连词 but 连接，语气通顺、连贯。请看一个类似的例子： ______ likes money, but money is not ______. A. Everyone, everything C. Someone, nothing B. Anyone, anything D. Nobody, everything最佳答案选 A，句意为D大家都喜欢钱，但钱不是万能的‖。 15. DIs there ______ here?‖ DNo, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.‖ A. anybody C. somebody B. everybody D. nobody【陷阱】此题容易误选 A。认为这是一般疑问句，要用 anybody。 【分析】其实此题应选 B，主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：D大家都到齐了 吗？‖D没有， Bob 和 Tim 两人请假了。 ‖假若我们将此题作如下变换， 则情形就会有所不同： DIs there ______ here?‖ DYes, I‘m upstairs. Please come and help me.‖ A. anybody C. somebody 此题的最佳答案应是 A，而不是 B。 请再看一例： DDo you have _____ at home now, Mary?‖ DNo, we still have to get some fruit and tea.‖ A. something C. everything B. anything D. nothing B. everybody D. nobody22答案选 C，句意为D玛丽，现在家里东西都准备齐了吗？‖D还没有，我们还要买些水果 和茶。‖ 16. DIf you want a necklace, I‘ll buy one for you at once.‖ DOh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most. A. anything C. nothing B. something D. everything【陷阱】此题容易误选 A，机械地套用以下规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用 于否定句或疑问句。 【分析】当然以上规则在通常情况下是有效的，但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案 应是 B，something 在此的意思不是D某种东西‖，而是指D那种东西‖或D这种东西‖，即心中 最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。同样地，下面几题的最佳答案也是 something，而不 是 anything： (1) It‘s not _____ that w let‘s change the subject. A. anything C. nothing B. something D. everything(2) It‘s not _____ I I do it purely out of a sense of duty. A. anything C. nothing B. something D. everything(3) Self-control is not _____ that comes with your birth. A. anything C. nothing B. something D. everything(4) This is not _____ that would disturb me anyway. A. anything C. nothing 17. Some say one thing, but _____. A. other, another C. others, the other 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案选 B。but others another 为 but others say another 之省略。在并列句 中， 若后面分句与前面分句有相同的词， 常把后一分句中的相同部分给省略掉， 以避免重复。 如： One soldier was killed and another wounded. 有一名士兵被打死，另一名被打伤。 (wounded 前省略了 was) B. others, another D. the others, others B. something D. everything23I work in a factory and my brother on a farm. 我在工厂工作，我弟弟在农场工作。(on a farm 前省略了 works) My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。 （on the third 前省略了 is） 18. He is a hard-working student, _____ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses. A. that C. one 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】此题答案选 C，one 相当于 a student。类似地，以下各题也选 one，它们分别 相当于 a table, a break, a question, a Mexican carpet, a moment： (1) A table made of steel costs more than _______ made of wood. A. one C. those B. it D. which B. he D. which(2)DWhy don‘t we take a little break?‖ DDidn‘t we just have _____?‖ A. it C. one B. that D. this(3) The question is _____ of great importance. A. that C. one B. it D. what(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she can‘t afford to buy ______. A. one C. them B. it D. the one(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure. A. that C. it B. one D. what◆精编陷阱题训练◆ 1. Tom‘s mother always told him not to smoke again, but _____ didn‘t help. A. he C. which B. it D. as2. Both teams w _____ was willing to lose the game. A. either B. neither24C. anotherD. the other3. There he pointed to _____ looked like a stone and said that‘s ______ you had to carry home. A. that, that C. which, what B. what, what D. as, which4. I know nothing about the accident except _____ I read in the paper. A. that C. what 5. Energy is ____ makes one work. A. what C. anything B. something D. that B. for D. 不填6. Don‘t go to _____ places where there is no fresh air. A. such C. those B. so D. which7. The classroom is almost empty, where is _____? A. someone C. everyone B. anyone D. no one8. I‘m afraid we can‘ there‘s _____ left. A. nothing C. no one B. none D. no any9. _____ worries me is _____ we‘re going to pay for all this. A. It, that C. What, how B. That, how D. As, that10. He just does ______ he pleases and never thinks about anyone else. A. that C. which B. what D. how11. _____ of you comes first will get the ticket. A. Which C. Who B. Whichever D. Whatever12. His income is double _____ it was five years ago. A. that C. as B. which D. what13. If you want a friend, you‘ll find _____ in me. A. one B. it25C. thatD. him14. Oh, how beautiful it is! I like _____ better. A. everything C. nothing B. anything D. something15. Do you know _______ friends are coming to our party? A. whose else‘s C. whose else B. who‘s else D. who else‘s16. _______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone C. Whoever B. The person D. No matter who17. Jane hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her interests. A. whomever C. whoever B. anyone D. no matter who18. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr and Mrs Smith without hurting the feeling of _______, but failed. A. none C. all B. either D. neither19. ―Here are the best styles of the clothes. Which one do you like? ― _______. They are not so nice as I expected. A. Neither C. Nothing B. All D. None20. Mr Ascot, headmaster of the school, refused to accept ______of the three suggestions made by the Students‘ Union. A. either C. any B. neither D. none21. DThere‘ you can have _______.‖ DThanks.‖ A. either C. one B. each D. it22. DWhen shall we meet again?‖ DMake it _______ it‘s all the same to me.‖ A. one C. another B. any D. some23. DSusan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.‖ DWhy ______? John is sitting there doing nothing.‖ A. him B. he26C. ID. me【答案与解析】 1. 选 B，it 指前面提到的情况。由于句中用了并列连词 but，所以不能选 C。当然，若 去掉空格前的 but，则可选 C。 3. 选 B， 因是 both teams， 即谈论的是两者， 因此可锁定 A 和 B； 从语境上看， 应选 B， 即双方都不愿输。 3. 选 B。即两空均填 what，第一个 what 相当于 something that；第二个 what 相当于 the thing that。 4. 选 C，what 在句中用作动词 read 的宾语。 5. 选 A，what 相当于 something that。 6. 选 C，但容易误选 A。按英语习惯，受 such 修饰的名词后跟定语从句时，引导定语 从句的关系词一般只能是 as， 而不能是 that, which, who, where 等。 Such women as knew 如： him thought he was charming. 认识他的女人都认为他很有魅力。此句中的 as 就不能换成 that 或 who， 若要使用 that 或 who， 则需将 such 换掉， 如说成 Those women who knew Tom thought he was charming. 7. 选 C，句意为D教室几乎是空的，大家都到哪里去了？‖ 8. 选 B，nothing 指D什么也没有‖；none 指数量上的D一点(个)也没有‖。注：回答 how much 和 how many 时要用 none，而不用 nothing，道理同此。 9. 选 C，what worries me 为主语从句，且 what 在主语从句中用作主语。 10. 选 B。从句意推知。 11. 选 B 最佳，因 who 后通常不接表示范围的 of 短语，故不宜选 C；若选 A，则句 型不对；若选 D，则语义不通。 12. 选 D，what 相当于 the amount that。 13. 选 A，one 在此相当于 a friend。 14. 选 C，I like nothing better 相当于 It‘s the best thing I like。 15. 选 D。else 可放在 who, what, where, how, why 等疑问词之后，但习惯上不放在 which 之后，而且在一般情况下也不用在 whose 后，遇此情况可用 who else‘s，如： Who else‘s fault could it be? 这会是其他什么人的错吗? 但是，若其后不修饰名词，有时也可用 whose else。如： Whose else could it be? 这会是其他什么人的吗? 16. 选 C。其余三者均不能引导主语从句。whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。 17. 选 C。whoever shares her interests 用作介词 of 的宾语，同时 whoever 又用作谓语动 词 shares 的语。2718. 选 B。由于句中谈到的是 Mr and Mrs Smith，即谈的是两者，故排除选项 A 和 C， 因为 none 和 all 均用于指三者。又因为空格前有否定介词 without，故空格处填 either, 不 用 neither。 19. 选 D。none 可视为 I like none of them 之省略。从下文的语境看，空格处只能填空 一个表否定意义的词。据此首先排除 B；虽然 A、C、D 均表否定意义，但 neither 与前面 的 best（既然使用最高级，说明有三者或多者在作比较）不吻合；而 nothing 表示D什么也 没有‖，不合语境。 20. 选 C。none 和 neither 表否定，与句中的 refused to acept 这一语境不符。在 either 与 any 两个选项中，either 指两者，与句中的 three suggestions 不符。故只能选 any，指 三者中的任意一个。 21. 选 A。比较四个选项：either 指两者中的D任意一个‖，each 指两者或两者以上中的 D每一个‖，one 用来替代Da / an +单数可数名词‖，it 替代Dthe +单数名词‖。 22. 选 B。根据下文的 it‘s all the same to me(对我都一样)可知，选 any 最合语境。 23. 选 D。Why me? 可视为 Why do you ask me to go and join? 之省略。另外，me 还 通常在简略回答中用作主语。如：Me too.(我也一样。)it 的用法考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 1. Everyone knows that _______ is dangerous to play with fire, but _______ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire. A. it, it C. it, what B. what, what D. what, it【陷阱】很容易误选 B，认为两空均考查形式主语。 【分析】最佳答案是 D，第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式 to play with fire。第二空填 what，what is difficult 是主语从句，注意 what is difficult 后的谓语动词 is。 请做以下类似试题： (1) I know ______ is important to know my own limitations, but _______ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations. A. it, it C. it, what B. what, what D. what, it(2) Yes, ______ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _____ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.28A. it, it C. it, whatB. what, what D. what, it2. I dislike _______ when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind. A. that C. it 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】 最佳答案是 C， 因为在通常情况下， like 是及物动词， 其后应有宾语(句中 it 即 为其宾语)。句中的 when 从句不是宾语从句，而是时间状语从句，其中的 when 的意思是 D当……的时候‖。其实，也有的词典将 I don‘t like it when (if) … 作为一个句型来处理。能 这样用的动词不多， 主要的有 enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate 等表示喜好的动 词。 She won‘t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。 He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。 请做以下类似试题(答案均选 it)： (1) I hate _______ if people say such things in public. A. that C. it B. those D. them B. those D. them(2) I‘d prefer _______ if I didn‘t have to get up early on Sundays. A. that C. it B. such D. which(3) I would appreciate _______ very much if you could give me some suggestions. A. this C. it B. that D. you3. I‘ve no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn‘t ask who _______ was. A. he C. she 【陷阱】容易误选 A 或 C。 【分析】最佳答案是 D。it 用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人，则不宜用 it。比 较： (1) Mr Smith is at the door. _______ wants to see you. (2) Someone is at the door. ________ must be Mr Smith. A. He C. This B. It D. That B. that D. it第(1)题选 A，因为来者身份明确；第(2)选 B，因为来者身份不明确。294. DExcuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can‘t find a repair shop.‖ DI know ________ nearby. Come on, I‘ll show you.‖ A. one C. some 【陷阱】容易误选 B。 【分析】 最佳答案是 A。 和 one 的区别可简单地概括为： = the + 名词， = a + 名 it it one 词。如： I haven‘t got any pens, and I want to borrow one. 我没有钢笔，我想借一支。(one = a pen) I have two pens, and I can lend one to you. 我有两本支钢笔， 我可以借一支。 (one = a pen) I have a pen, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本钢笔，我可以把它借给你。(it = the pen) 在上面一题中，one 相当于 one 相当于 a repair shop。请做下面一题（答案选 A）： There is only one English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy _______. A. it C. another B. one D. any B. it D. that5. Will you see to _______ that my children are taken good care of while I am away? A. it C. yourself 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案是 A。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是空格后 that 引导的宾语从句。see to 意为D负责‖、D注意‖，其中的 to 为介词，不宜直接跟 that 引导的宾语从句，遇此情况可 借助代词 it。请做下面两题，答案也是选 it： (1) I‘ll see to _______ that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve. A. it C. which B. me D. them B. me D. them(2) Will you see to _______ that the luggage is brought back as soon as possible? A. me C. it B. yourself D. them类似以上 see to 用法的短语还有 depend on, answer for 等。如下面两题答案也选 it： (1) You may depend on _______ that he will turn up in time. A. it C. which B. me D. them(2) I can‘t answer for ________ that the boy is honest. A. it B. me30C. whichD. them◆精编陷阱题训练◆ 1. Why shouldn‘t I buy a new coat ― I haven‘t bought _____ for five years. A. it C. one B. that D. which2. He made _____ known to his friends that he didn‘t want to enter politics. A. that C. himself B. it D. him3. It used to be thought _____ the Earth was flat. A. as C. since B. when D. that4. The Parkers bought a new house but ______ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they C. one B. it D. which5. _______ is well known _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997. A. It, that C. As, as B. As, / D. It, which6. ― I don‘t know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum. ― I leave _______ to your own judgment whether you should do it. A. that C. this B. it D. what7. Does ________ matter if he can‘t finish the job on time? A. this C. he B. that D. it8. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well. A. This C. There B. That D. It9. They live on a busy main road. ______ must be very noisy. A. There C. That B. It D. They10. Why don‘t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A. this B. what31C. thatD. it11. DLook at that lady on the stage. She‘s already forty.‖ DYou are joking. She doesn‘t look ________.‖ A. so C. that B. it D. this13. _______ was known to them all that William had broken his promise ______ he would give each of them a gift. A. As; Which C. It; that B. W that D. It; which14. In the west, people make _______ a rule to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends. A. this C. it B. that D. the following【答案与解析】 1. 选 C。one 指 a coat。比较：it = the +名词，one = a+名词，换句话说，it 是特指的， 而 one 则是泛指的。 2. 选 B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that he didn‘t want to enter politics。 3. 选 D。it 为形式主语，此句为 People used to think that the Earth was flat 的被动语态 形式。 4. 选 B。it 指前面提到的 new house。注意不能选 D，因为其前有并列连词 but。 5. 选 A。it 为形式主语，其后的 that 从句为主语从句。比较下面一题，答案选 B： _______ is well known, _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997. A. It, that C. As, as B. As, / D. It, which6. 选 B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 whether you should do it. 7. 选 D。it doesn‘t matter if…, does it matter if… 等为英语常用表达。 8. 选 D。it‘s no wonder that… 意为D难怪……‖、D……不足为怪‖，为英语固定表达， 其中的 it‘s 也可省略，即只说 No wonder that…。如： No wonder (that) he didn‘t want to go. 难怪他不想去。 9. 选 B。it 指环境。 10. 选 D。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that you are too busy to do it. 12. 选 B。it 指 her age。look one‘s age 为习语，意为D容貌与年龄相称‖。3213. 选 C。第一空填 it，为形式主语；第二空填 that，用以引导一个同位语从句，修饰 promise。 14. 选 C。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的不定式 to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends。介词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 1. DYou went late _______ the stadium yesterday evening, didn‘t you?‖ DYes, my wife was a little late _______ the supper.‖ A. to, with C. for, for 【陷阱】容易误选 B 或 D。 【分析】答案应选 A。第一空填 to 比较好理解，因为此处的 late 为副词，用以修饰 go to the stadium 中的动词 go；而第二句的 with 则是许多同学不容易想到的，相反，更多地 可能是想到 for，现将两者区别如下：be late for 表示做某事迟到，而 be late with 表示做某 事做晚了(=be late in doing sth)。比较： We were late for dinner. 我们吃饭迟到了。 We were late with dinner [=in having dinner]. 我们吃饭吃得迟。 句中 my wife was a little late with the supper 的意思是D我妻子准备晚饭稍迟了一点‖。 2. We were all worried over _______ you were sick. A. that C. what 【陷阱】容易误选 A 或 B。 【分析】答案应选 D。按英语习惯，除 except, but 等极个别介词外，英语介词后通常 不能直接跟 that 从句作宾语。遇此情况，通常是在 that 从句前加上 the fact，此时 the fact 用作介词宾语，而其后 that 从句则用作 the fact 的同位语。请看类似试题（答案选均 D）： (1) They knew nothing about ______ he was a thief. A. that C. what B. which D. the fact that B. which D. the fact that B. for, with D. at, for(2) She must face up to _______ she is no longer young. A. that B. which33C. whatD. the fact that(3) What he said at the meeting referred to _______ he was interested in the project. A. that C. what B. which D. the fact that(4) Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder. A. that C. what B. which D. the fact that(5) The writer is not satisfied with _______ buses are too crowded. A. that C. what B. which D. the fact that3. Sometimes our opinions differ _______ what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we‘ve observed A. which C. because B. since D. because of【陷阱】容易误选 C。因为按英语语法习惯，because 是连词，其后接句子；而 because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词等。 【分析】此题答案选 D。because 作为从属连词，主要用于引导原因状语从句，既然是 引导一个从句，也就是说它的后面不能再连用D引导词‖。如： He was angry because we were late. 他很生气因为我们迟到了。 They can‘t have gone out because the light is on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.这家超市的面包是自制 的，所以便宜。 假若， 一个从句已经有了自己的D引导词‖， 那么它前面就不宜再用 because 这个连词了。 如： She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因为你说的话。 句中的 what 相当于 the thing that，也就是说 what you said 相当于 the thing that you said。 其中 the thing 用作 because of 的宾语， that you said 为修饰 the thing 的定语从句。 而 He lost his job because of how he treated his boss. 他因为对老板的态度(不好)而丢了工 作。 句中的 how 相当于 the way in which， 也就是说 how he treated his boss 相当于 the way in which he treated his boss。其中 the way 用作 because of 的宾语，而 in which he treated his boss 为修饰 the way 的定语从句。 4. DHow long have you been an actor?‖ D_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.‖ A. After B. In34C. From 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。D. Since【分析】最佳答案为 D。若仅从答句来看，四个答案都说得过去。但若结合问句的语境 以答案应选 D，因为其余三选项填入空格均不能回答问句所提出的问题。比较： DWhen did you became an actor?‖ D_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.‖ A. After C. From B. In D. Since此题选 B，因为问句问的是 when(何时)，所以用 in 1995 来回答便顺理成章。 请再看两题： (1) DHow long have you worked on the farm?‖ D____ the end of last year.‖ A. In C. At B. By D. Since答案选 D，用 since the end of last year 回答 how long，即问句问D工作了多久‖，答句说 D自去年年底至今‖。 (2) DHow long will you work on the farm?‖ D____ the end of next year.‖ A. In C. At B. By D. Since答案选 B，问句问D将工作多久‖，答句说D工作明年明底‖。 (3) DWhen did you leave the farm?‖ D____ the end of last year.‖ A. In C. At B. By D. Since答案选 C，问句问D何时离开‖，答句说D去年明底离开‖。 5. Don‘t be angry _______ me for not having written. I was really too busy. A. about C. to B. with D. for【陷阱】容易误选 B。根据汉语的D对某人生气‖，将其中的D对‖直译为 to。 【分析】 最佳答案为 B。 按英语习惯， 要表示对某人生气， 通常用 be angry with [at] sb， 要表示对某事生气，通常用 be angry at [about] sth(在美国英语中也用 be angry with sth，但 不说 be angry with sb)。比较以下表达，其中的D对‖也不用 to 来翻译： 你对这些安排感到满意吗? 误：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements? 正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements? 老师应该对他的学生严格要求。 误：Teachers should be strict to their students.35正：Teachers should be strict withtheir students.6. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _____ writing often. A. with C. on B. of D. by【陷阱】容易误选 A。根据 keep in touch with (与……保持联系)这一常用搭配推出。 【分析】 正确答案是 D。 在这里表示方式， writing 意为D通过写信‖， by by 全句意为D我 们通过经常写信保持联系‖。请再看几例(均与介词搭配有关)： (1) We‘ve talked a lot _______ films. How _____ television now? A. of, with C. about, about B. with, towards D. for, about此题不要受 a lot of 的影响而误选 A。若第一空选 of，a lot of cars 即为动词 talk 的宾 语，但实际上动词 talk 是不及物动词，不能后接宾语。最佳答案应是 C，句中的 a lot 是修 饰动词 talked 的状语，talk about 才是一个动词短语。 全句意为D我们对电影已谈了不少， 现在谈谈电视怎么样?‖ What about…意为D……怎么样‖，用于征求意见。 (2) We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy. A. as C. of B. with D. by有的同学一看到句中的 regard 和选项中的 as，马上就联想到 regard … as … (把…… 当作……)这一搭配，从而断定此题应选 A。但是错了，原因是将此搭配套入原句，句子意 思不通。正确答案是 B，句意为D我们大家都很同情这位老人‖。◆精编陷阱题训练◆ 1. So far, several ships have been reported missing _______ the coast of Bermuda Island. A. off C. on B. along D. around2. DHow long have you stayed in this hotel?‖ DNot long, just ______ this Monday.‖ A. on C. until B. since D. after3. The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _____ floors. People in it had no way to get out. A. in C. among B. between D. on4. DWhat a terrible rain we are having!‖ DYes. We are asked to pay more attention to the information about the rain ______ flood.‖36A. as well as C. because ofB. so long as D. in case of5. _____ their inexperience, they‘ve done a good job. A. Given C. Considered B. Supposed D. Concluded6. They promise that the work would all be finished _____ next week. A. until C. by B. in D. to7. _______ reading the letter, what has he done? A. Because of C. Besides B. Except D. But for8. DHow did the robber get in?‖ D______ an open window on the first floor.‖ A. Past C. Over B. From D. Through9. She knew nothing about his journey _______ he was likely to be away for three months. A. Except C. except that B. except for D. in addition9. 选 C。在四个选项中，只有 except that 后可接句子。 10. He usually goes to work by bike _______ it rains. A .except C. except for B. except when D. except that11. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _______ the hot weather. A. besides C. except B. except for D. except that12. ______ the weather, we had a pleasant time. A. Except C. But B. Except for D. Besides13. He always did well at school ______ having to do part-time jobs every now and then. A. in spite of C. in case of B. instead of D. in favor of14. As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got ______ the plane. A. around C. aboard B. abroad D. ahead37【答案与解析】 1. 选 A。off 用作介词时可表示距离，此时尤其用于指距离某一大路或靠近某海面。又 如： Our house is about 20 meters off the main road. 我们家离大路大约有 20 米远。 The ship anchored a mile off the coast. 轮船抛锚停泊在离海岸 1 英里的地方。 2. 选 B。此答句为省略句，补充完整为：I‘ve stayed in this hotel since this Monday. 3. 选 B。between floors 指在两层楼之间。类例地，以下各例也选 between： Don‘t eat anything ______ meals if you want to lose weight. 4. 选 D。复合介词 in case of 有两个意思，一是表示条件，意为D如果‖；二是表示目的， 意为D以防‖。如： In case of fire, call 119. 万一失火，就打 119 电话。 Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带把雨伞，以防下雨。 5. 选 A， given 在此用作介词， 意为D考虑到‖。 又如： Given the low price, I decided to buy it. 考虑到价格很低，我决定把它买下。 6. 选 C，by 意为D最迟到……之前，到……的时候已经‖。类例地，下面一题也选 by： The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _______5:40 p.m. at the latest. A. until C. around B. after D. by7. 选 C。besides 意为D除……之外，还‖。又如： He has another car besides this. 除了这辆车外，他还有一辆。 Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教师外，他还是位诗人。 Did he do anything besides hitting you? 除了打你之外，他还有没有别的什么举动? 8. 选 D。through 意为D穿过，贯穿，经过，透过‖。又如： The train ran through the tunnel. 火车穿过隧道。 I saw you through the window. 我是透过窗子看到你的。 9. 选 C。在四个选项中，只有 except that 后可接句子。 10. 选 B。except when 和 except that 后均可接句子， 但前者含D当……的时候‖的意思， 而后者则没有这个意思。 11. 选 B。except 与 except for 的区别是：前者主要用来谈论同类的东西；后者主要用 来谈论不同类的东西，在说明情况后作细节上的修正，有时含有惋惜之意。 12. 选 B，except 和 except for 均可表示排除，但若是表示谈论不同类的对象，通常用 except for。另外，except 通常不用于句首。 13. 选 A。比较：in spite of=虽然，尽管…仍；instead of=代替，取而代之；in case of= 假设，万一；in favour of=赞同，有利于。3814. 选 C。aboard 用作介词时意思D在(船、飞机、车)上‖、D上(船、飞机、车)‖。形容词与副词考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 1. We don‘t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don‘t want him to smell ____. A. well, well C. well, badly B. bad, bad D. badly, bad【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为两个 smell 均为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。 【分析】这是 1995 年的一道上海高考题，最佳答案为 D。句中的第一个 smell 为实义 动词，意为D闻气味‖、D嗅觉‖，smell badly 意为D嗅觉差‖；第二个 smell 为连系动词，意为 D闻起来(有某种气味)‖，smell bad 意为D闻起来气味难闻‖。全句意为D我们并不介意一条猎 狗的嗅觉不好，但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻‖。 2. D_____ do you think of your English teacher?‖ DOh, he is an _____ man.‖ A. What, interesting C. How, interesting B. What, interested D. How, interested【陷阱】容易误选 D，认为第一空应填 how，表示D如何‖；第二空应填 interested，因 为有的书上说 Cing 形容词主要说明事物，-ed 形容词主要说明人。 【分析】其实最佳答案应是 A。英语中表示汉语的D你觉得……如何?‖时，可用 How do you like ...? 或 What do you think of ...? 注意两者搭配不同，即 like 与 how 搭配，think of 与 what 搭配。另一方面，有的书认为：-ing 形容词说明事，-ed 形容词说明人。此说法在 很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠严谨。严谨的表述应该是：表示使(别)人感到如何, 用-ing 形容词；表示人自己本身感到如何，用-ed 形容词。比较： All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感兴趣。 All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。 I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。 I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。 再比较：39He is frightened. 他很害怕。 He is frightening. 他很吓人。 He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。 He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。 3. The operation was successful, but I still felt _____. A. very painful C. a lot of pain B. much painful D. very paining【陷阱】 容易误选 A， 想当然地认为： pain 表示D痛‖， 其形容词 painful 自然表示表示D感 到疼痛的‖。 【分析】其实 painful 的意思并不是D感到疼痛的‖，而是表示D使人感到疼痛的‖、D使 人感到痛苦的‖，所以它通常用于说明事物，而不宜用于说明人。比较并体会： 他仍很痛苦。 正：He is still in pain. 误：He‘s still painful. 你感到痛吗? 正：Do you feel any pain? 误：Are you painful? 见到你这样生活我很痛心。 正：I am pained to see you living this way. 误：I am painful to see you living this way. 听到他的死讯，我们都很痛苦。 误：We were all painful to hear of his death. 正：We were all pained to hear of his death. 他眼睛痛。 正：He has painful eyes. 误：He‘s painful in the eyes. 4. DOur team is _____ to win the match.‖ DReally? But I don‘t think so.‖ A. easy C. possible B. difficult D. sure【陷阱】 几个干扰项均有可能误选， 因为假若单纯从中文意思来看， 四个答案均说得通。 【分析】正确答案为 D，A、B、C 三项填入空格处虽然从汉语来看说得通，但不合英 语习惯。 因为按英语习惯， easy 和 difficult 后接不定式时， 其主语(或逻辑主语)通常应是 it， 而不能是具体的人或物，除非这个主语与其后不定式有动宾关系。如： 他回答案这个问题很容易。40误：He‘s very easy to answer this quesiton. 正：It is very easy for her to answer this quesiton. (用形式主语 it 作主语) 正： The question is very easy for her to answer. (主语为具体的事物， 但它与其后不定式有 动宾关系，即 to answer this quesiton) 我们很难在半小时内完成这工作。 误：We are very difficult to finish the work in half an hour. 正：It is very difficult for us to finish the work in half an hour. (用形式主语 it 作主语) 对 possible 来说，后接不定式时，其主语只能是 it，不能是具体的人或事物，即使该 主语与其后的不定式有动宾关系也不可以。如： 我们可能会赢得这场比赛。 误：We are possible to win the match. 误：The match is possible for us to win. 正：It is possible that we will win the match. 正：It is possible for us to win the match. 5. I think he is _____ to tell us the secret, but I‘m not sure. A. possible C. impossible B. likely D. certain【陷阱】A、B、C 三项均有可能被选择。 【分析】根据句意首先排除 D；再根据上面一题的分析，排除 A 和 C；也就是说，此 题最佳答案为 B。注意 likely 的用法，它与 possible 所用句型不同，请看实例：Are we likely to arrive in time? 我们会及时赶到吗? It‘s very likely that he will ring me tonight. 今晚他很可能会给我来电话。 They will very likely come by car. 他们很可能会坐汽车来。(该句中的 likely 为副词，而 前两句中的 likely 为形容词) 6. Let‘s make it at seven o‘clock on Tuesday morning at my office if ________. A. you‘re convenient C. you feel convenient B. it is convenient for you D. it is }