Let that boy some dessert.A．haveB．hasC．to haveD．to has 题目和参考答案——精英家教网——
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Let that boy_______some dessert.A．haveB．hasC．to haveD．to has
解析试题分析：let后面一般接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，故选A。考点：非谓语动词点评：英语中有的动词后面接不带to的不定式，如：使役动词和感官动词；有的接带to的不定式，这需要在学习中不断积累，加强练习。
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科目：初中英语
来源：2012届福建省厦门外国语学校初三中考模拟英语试卷（带解析）
题型：阅读理解
Here are some tips on how to talk with your parents. Try to start your talk with something fun. This will make talking easier. For example, ask your parents questions about their day. They love this!Make it clear what you want to tell your parents if they have an opinion, let them finish and don’t disturb. Ask them to do the same for you. Show them respect by listening to them carefully. Look at their eyes sincerely. Be honest. Honesty builds trust(信任). Life is good when your parents trust you. If your parents don’t understand, that’s OK. It doesn’t mean they don’t love you or they’re not trying. Sometimes you have to explain things to them again or in a different way.When you finish the talk, thank them for listening. Say something like, “Thanks! That helped.” It will let them know this is important to you, and make them want to do it more often. If you feel there are still things to talk about, set up a time with them to talk about it another day.【小题1】What’s the main idea of this passage?A. We should show respect to our parents.B. There are some ways to talk with our parents.C. It’s important to trust our parents.【小题2】What should we do when our parents have some opinions?A. Let them finish and don’t disturb. B. Let them listen to you.C. Argue with them and then say sorry.【小题3】Why should we look at their eyes while listening?A. Because they make us do that.B. Because this shows we agree with what they say. C. Because this makes them feel respected.【小题4】When we finish the talk, we should tell our parents that we _______ what they have done for us. This will let them know talking is important to us. A. are careful ofB. are thankful forC. are satisfied with【小题5】Which is the best title for this passage?A. Some Tips on How to Talk with Parents.B. Respect Parents. C. Try to Talk with Parents.
科目：初中英语
来源：2015届浙江杭州萧山党湾镇初级中学七年级12月月考英语卷（解析版）
题型：单项填空
&Let that boy_______some dessert.A．have&&&&&&&&&&&& B．has&&&&&&&&&&&&& C．to have&&&&&&&&&& D．to has&
科目：初中英语
来源：2011年河南省中考英语压轴试卷（四）
题型：完型填空
Your junior high school years arecoming to an end. After the big exam，most of you will go to &&36& &ina senior high school.& 37& &are you expecting fromsenior high? &&38& &hear what plans some studentshave for the future.1.Zhou Jie，15，from Shanghai，“I have heard that although Senior3 is a &&39& &year，students feel less stressed out in Senior 1and Senior 2.I hope there’ll be time to enjoy &&40&，especiallytennis. The Tennis Masters（大师）Cup will be held in Shanghai. I’mgoing to volunteer to help out and I’m sure I’llreally enjoy it.”2.Jin Li，16，from Harbin，“I really enjoy science. I’m crazy about &&41& &model planes，although I’m not good at &&42& .I’ll learn more science in senior high. Anyway. sometime in thefuture I’m going to build a super model plane!”3.Wang Ya，15，from Xiamen，“I hope I can be &&43 in seniorhigh school. I’m only 155 cm. I want to be 162 cm.& 44&& &most of the girls in my family don’t grow any taller than 160 cm. I hope I’m different.”4.Li Fan，15，from Puyang，“I hope I can make more friends.In senior high. I’ll meet different people from differentareas. I hope I can learn new things &&45& &them.”1.A.walk&&&&&&&B. study&&& &&& &&&&C. play &&&&&&& &&&&D.write2.A.When&&&&&&B. How&& &&& &&&&C. What &&&&&&& &&&&D.Where3.A.Let's&&&&&&&B. It's&&&&&&&&&&& C.What's & &&&&D. That's4.A.hot&&&&&&&&B. hard&&& &&&&C. light && &&&&&&&&D.kind5.A.book&&&&&&&B. show&&& &&&&C. photo &&&&&& &&&&D.sport6.A.making&&&&& B.sitting&&& & &&&&C. cooking &&&&D.cleaning7.A.us&&&&&&&&&B. him&&& & &&&&C. it & &&&&&&&&D.her8.A.shorter&&&&& B.stronger &&&&&&&C.thinner&&&&&&& D. taller9.A.So&&&&&&&&&B. But&&& & &&&&C.When&&& &&&&D. If10.A.to&&&&&&&&&B. for&&& &&&&&&&&C.from &&&&&&& &&&&D. at&
科目：初中英语
来源：2012届福建省初三下学期第一次月考英语试卷
题型：补充句子
1&A: Mum, I have finished my homework .(1)______.B: Of course .Which is your favorite TVprogram ?A: Sports .It is said there will be awonderful football match on TV tonight .B: (2) ______A: A Chinese team will play against aJapanese team .B: (3) ______A: I'm not sure . Ball games are usuallyshown on Channel 8.B: (4) ______ A:Well , it must be on Channel 6 then . Trythat .B: Here it is .(5) ______ Let's watch ittogether .A: That's all right. &
科目：初中英语
来源：学年山东省枣庄市初三第三次中考模拟考试英语卷
题型：完型填空
&After her husband had gone to work, Mrs.Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She wastoo _26_ to do any housework that morning, _27_ in the eveningshe was going to an interesting fancy dress party with her husband. What she __28_was a terrible genie（妖怪）and as she had made that special dressof hers the night before, she was anxious to try it on. __29__ the dresswas just a big piece of old cloth which was red, green, black and white, itwould be very effective to make her like a red genie. After putting it on, Mrs.Richards went downstairs happily. She wanted to find out __30__ it wouldbe comfortable to wear.　　Just as Mrs. Richards wasentering the dining-room there was a __31_ at the door. She thought thatit __32 be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if she _33__to open the door and leave the bread on the kitchen table. Now not wantingto _34__ the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly __35_ in the smallstoreroom under the stairs. She heard the front door open and a man came in.When Mrs. Richards &_36_ that it was the man from the electricityboard（供电局）who had come to read the meter, she walkedout of the hiding-place on a sudden and tried to explain the matter, sayingwith a smile, “It's only __37_! It is not__38_ for you to be __39_ !”But it was too late. The man let out a sharp cry and jumped back several paces.Then he ran away, __40__ the door behind him with great force and noise.1.A. angry&& B. ready&& &C. frightened&&&& D. excited&&2. A. for&&&&& B. but&&&&&& C. so&&&&&&&&&&&&&D. and&&3.A. wanted to see&&&&&& B. wanted to play&&&&&&&C. was afraid to see&& D. was afraid to play&&4. A. Though&&&& B. But&&&&&& C. And&&&&&&&&&&&&D. If&&5.A. that&&&&&&&& B. how&&&&&& C. whether&&&&&& D. when&&6. A. knock&&&&& B. voice&&&&& C. man&&&&&&&&&&& D. baker&7. A. may&&&&&&& B. must&&&&&& C. wouldn't&&&&&& D. couldn't&&8. A. not&&&&&&&& B. had&&&&&&& C. tried&&&&&&&&&&& D. failed&&9. A. see&&&&&&&& B. frighten&&& C. help&&&&&&&&&&& D. scold&&10.A. went&&&&&&& B. lay&&&&&&&& C. appeared&&&&&& D. hid&&11. A. thought&&& &B. wondered& C. imagined&&&&& D. realized&&12. A. me&&&&&&&&& B. you&&&&&&&& C. game&&&&&&&&&& D. play&13. A. good&&&&&&& B. necessary&& C. late&&&&&&&&&&D. early&&14. A. off&&&&&&&&& B. here&&&&&&& C. afraid&& &&&&& D. sorry&&15.A. pushed&&&& &B. locking&&&& C. knocking&&&& D. shutting&&
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三．单项选择：　　( ) 1.These flowers ______ Kate $56.　　A.paidB.tookC.costD.spent　　( ) 2.He often _______ supper at 6:00 in the evening.　　A.haveB.hasC.is havingD.is eating　　( ) 3.It’s 6 o’clock in the morning.He ______.　　A.get upB.gets upC.is getting upD.is getting up　　( ) 4.We ______ any Chinese classes on Friday.　　A.are havingB.aren’t havingC.don’t haveD.are have　　( ) 5.- Are you playing basketball?--No,we ______.　　A.isn’tB.aren’tC.notD.don’t　　( ) 6.-What are you doing?　　-- I _____ the teacher carefully,but I can’t _____ her.　　A.am listening to ,hearB.listen to ,hear　　C.am hearing ,listen toD.hear ,listen to　　( ) 7.Susan _____ quite a lot of money for her schooling every year.　　A.spendsB.costsC.usesD.pays　　( ) 8.This pair of shoes _____ nice.I want to _______.　　A.is ,try them onB.are ,try on them　　C.is ,try it onD.are ,try on it　　( ) 9.-Are these their coats?-- ________.　　A.That’s all right B.That’s right C.OK.D.That’s OK
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Peter is a middle school boy. His father has a black car, so his father usually&1　&him to school in the car. Peter’s best friend Ben goes to school by　&2_　&, because he thinks it is good for his health. So Ben often　&3　&Peter to ride a bike with him together. Peter thinks Ben is　&4　&.After he goes home, Peter says to his mother, “Mom, I would like to　&5　&a bike. Would you please buy one　&6_　&me?”His mother smiles and asks, “　&7　&do you want to ride a bike to school?”“First, it’s good for my health. Second, there are a lot of　&8　&on the road, so it is faster （更快的） to ride a bike to school.”“　&9　&. Let’s go to the supermarket and choose （挑选）one. But you must be　&10　&to ride a bike on the way to school.”1.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A．has&&&&&&&&&&& B．gets&&&&&&&&&&& C．tells D．drives&2.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A．train&&&&&&&&&& B．bike&&&&&&&&&& C．taxi& D．subway&3.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A．likes&&&&&&&&&& B．helps&&&&&&&&&& C．asks D．stops&4.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A．sad&&&&&&&&&&& B．right&&&&&&&&&& C．shy& D．nice&5.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A．draw&&&&&&&&&& B．mend(修理)&&&& C．play D．have&6.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A．on &&&&&&&&&&& B．to&&&&&&&&&&&& C．for& D．from&7.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A．What&&&&&&&&& B．How&&&&&&&&&& C．Why D．When&8.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A．policemen &&&& B．traffic（交通）lights& C．traffic accidents (交通事故)&&& D．traffic jams(交通堵塞)&9.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A．See you&&&&&&& B．No problem&&&&& C．Here you are& D．Not at all&10.&&&&&&&&&&&&&& A．careful(小心的)& B．excited&&&&&&&& C．comfortable(舒服的) D．dangerous&&
本题难度：一般
题型：解答题&|&来源：2015-江西南康新世纪学校七年级下期中英语试卷
分析与解答
习题“Peter is a middle school boy. His father has a black car, so his father usually____1____him to school in ...”的分析与解答如下所示：
1.D2.B3.C4.B5.D6.C7.C8.D9.B10.A
这篇文章讲述了彼得的爸爸每天都开车送他上学，彼得的好朋友本，认为骑自行车上学有益健康，所以彼得决定和本一起骑自行车上学。1.A. has有&&B. gets到达&& C. tells告诉& D. drives开车&&根据句意：他的爸爸通常开车送他去上学。故选D2.A. train火车& B. bike自行车&&&C. taxi出租车 &&D. subway地铁&根据句意：彼得的好朋友本骑自行车去上学，因为他觉得这对健康有好处。故选B3.A. likes喜欢& B. helps帮助&&& C. asks叫&&&&&&D. stops停止&&根据句意：所以，本经常叫彼得和他一起骑自行车上学。故选C4.A. sad悲伤& B. right正确&& C. shy害羞& D. nice好的&根据句意：彼得觉得本是正确的。故选B5.A. draw画画 B. mend修理& C. play玩耍& D. have有&&根据句意：彼得告诉妈妈说他想要有一辆自行车。故选D6.A. on在之上 &&&&& B. to到&& C. for为了 &D. from从&&根据句意：彼得问妈妈能给他买一辆吗？故选C7.A. What什么&&&B. How如何&&&&C. Why为什么& D. When何时&根据句意：妈妈问彼得你为什么想骑自行车上学。故选C8.A. policemen警察 &&B. traffic lights交通灯& C. traffic accidents 交通事故& D. traffic jams交通堵塞&&根据句意：路上总是交通堵塞&故选D9.A. See you再见&&&&B. No problem没问题&&&&&&&&C. Here you are给你&& D. Not at all没关系&根据句意：没问题，让我们去市场选一辆吧。 故选B10.A. careful小心的&&& B. excited 兴奋的& C. comfortable舒服的&&&&&&&D. dangerous危险的&&根据句意：但是你上学的路上一定要小心。故选A分析：
考点1：日常生活类
一、完型填空题的命题特点& & & &完型填空题是一种综合性比较强的测试题，它把单项填空和阅读理解等题型融为一体，它不仅考查学生对词汇、词组、语法、句型和常识逻辑等语言基础知识的掌握情况和正确使用语法知识的能力，而且也考查学生的理解能力、推理能力、以及情景语感等方面综合理解和运用语言的能力。完型填空题通常有两种题型：一种是选择填空题，即四选一；另一种是短文填空题。其中，以第一种较为普遍。& 二、完型填空的命题趋势 & && 1、体裁、题材多样，考察学生涉猎各种信息的能力& & & 体裁有记叙文、说明文等；题材涉及到趣味故事、幽默小品、科普知识、日常生活、人物小记、社会热点话题等等。短文一般文章短小，情节连贯，层次分明，线索清楚。目的是考查学生是否有阅读各种体裁、题材文章的能力以及获取各种新息的能力。 & 2、侧重整体理解、考查学生快速阅读理解能力。 & &解完型填空题需要学生具备视读、跳读、查读、猜词等各种快速阅读技巧。因为解题时间有限，在短短的时间内，要完成全文和选项的阅读，还要进行正确判断、推理、核查等工作。可见阅读速度非常重要。 & && 3、侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力。 & & & 完型填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、近义词辨 异、辨析句子结构、掌握语法规则的能力。 & 4、上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力。 & & & 解完型填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要阅读下句或者若干句才能明白。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。 & 5、设置语境，考查学生的分析推理能力。 & & &旨在考查学生在选项都符合语法及句子结构的情况下能否利用前后语境去推断出正确答案。 & & 6、结合生活，考查学生利用常识题的能力。 & & &目的考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。 & && 7、关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力。 & & 此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况想，通过阅读能否理解句子的与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。& 三、完型填空题的解题步骤： & & & 1、通读全文，了解大意 & & & & & 越过空挡，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词，建立语言的整体感。这是做好完型 填空题的关键。因为完型填空题的特点是着眼于整体理解。 & && 2、细读首尾，推测意图 && & & &文章的首句是全文的“窗口”，尾句是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔。这样，通过阅 读首句和尾句，就可以了解背景知识，对于空格位置的词语进行大胆分析和判断，以便揣测作者的意图，理顺思路，为后面的答题做好铺垫。 & && 3、综合考虑，瞻前顾后 & & & & 在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，分析这一空格处在 句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，认真观察选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。& 初中各年级课件教案习题汇总 语文数学英语物理化学 4、复读全文，验证答案 &做完题目以后，要立足整体，再次通读全文，从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、语法、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。若有疑问，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，加以改正，弥补疏漏。
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欢迎来到乐乐题库，查看习题“Peter is a middle school boy. His father has a black car, so his father usually____1____him to school in the car. Peter’s best friend Ben goes to school by____2_____, because he thinks it is good for his health. So Ben often____3____Peter to ride a bike with him together. Peter thinks Ben is____4____.After he goes home, Peter says to his mother, “Mom, I would like to____5____a bike. Would you please buy one____6_____me?”His mother smiles and asks, “____7____do you want to ride a bike to school?”“First, it’s good for my health. Second, there are a lot of____8____on the road, so it is faster （更快的） to ride a bike to school.”“____9____. Let’s go to the supermarket and choose （挑选）one. But you must be____10____to ride a bike on the way to school.”1. A．has B．gets C．tells D．drives2. A．train B．bike C．taxi D．subway3. A．likes B．helps C．asks D．stops4. A．sad B．right C．shy D．nice5. A．draw B．mend(修理) C．play D．have6. A．on
B．to C．for D．from7. A．What B．How C．Why D．When8. A．policemen
B．traffic（交通）lights C．traffic accidents (交通事故) D．traffic jams(交通堵塞)9. A．See you B．No problem C．Here you are D．Not at all10. A．careful(小心的) B．excited C．comfortable(舒服的) D．dangerous”的答案、考点梳理，并查找与习题“Peter is a middle school boy. His father has a black car, so his father usually____1____him to school in the car. Peter’s best friend Ben goes to school by____2_____, because he thinks it is good for his health. So Ben often____3____Peter to ride a bike with him together. Peter thinks Ben is____4____.After he goes home, Peter says to his mother, “Mom, I would like to____5____a bike. Would you please buy one____6_____me?”His mother smiles and asks, “____7____do you want to ride a bike to school?”“First, it’s good for my health. Second, there are a lot of____8____on the road, so it is faster （更快的） to ride a bike to school.”“____9____. Let’s go to the supermarket and choose （挑选）one. But you must be____10____to ride a bike on the way to school.”1. A．has B．gets C．tells D．drives2. A．train B．bike C．taxi D．subway3. A．likes B．helps C．asks D．stops4. A．sad B．right C．shy D．nice5. A．draw B．mend(修理) C．play D．have6. A．on
B．to C．for D．from7. A．What B．How C．Why D．When8. A．policemen
B．traffic（交通）lights C．traffic accidents (交通事故) D．traffic jams(交通堵塞)9. A．See you B．No problem C．Here you are D．Not at all10. A．careful(小心的) B．excited C．comfortable(舒服的) D．dangerous”相似的习题。正确教育旗下网站
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She would like ____ a violin lesson.A.haveB.to haveC.havingD.has
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动词不定式：指由to加上动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性。动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语，其形式如下：
(not) to do
(not)&to be done
(not) to have done
(not) to have been done
(not) to be doing
完成进行式
(not) to have been doing
不定式的用法:1、不定式作主语 例如：To remember this is very important. 注意：为了避免头重脚轻，在许多情况下，通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部，而在句首主语位置使用形式主语it。 例如：It is very important to remember this. 2、不定式作表语例如：He seems to be ill. 注意：不定式作表语主要有三种情况，一是用于seem, appear, prove等系动词之后的不 定式（尤其是to be），二是像My job is to sweep the floor. 这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形，三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等，如：&You are to come when I call. 3、不定式作宾语 例如：I can not afford to buy a car. 注意：①不定式不仅用作动词的宾语，还可用作个别介词（but, except）的宾语。 例如：I had no choice but to wait. ②当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时，通常要用形式宾语it代替不定式，并将真正的宾语不定式置于宾语补足语之后 例如：I find it difficult to learn Japanese well. 4、不定式作宾语补足语 例如：Who taught you to drive? 5、不定式作定语 例如：I have a question to ask you. 注意：有的名词（如way, chance, right等）后用作不定式可换成of doing sth. 如：It is the best way to do (of doing) it. 但是以下名词后接不定式作定语时通常不能换成of doing sth. attempt& courage& decision& effort& fortune& failure& invitation& wish 6、不定式作状语 例如：I went to France to learn French.
分词：就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词；尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词，具有形容词功能，同时又表现各种动词性特点，如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾语的性能。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种，是一种非谓语动词形式。现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示"主动和进行"，过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
现在分词构成形式：①一般在动词原形末尾加ing，如do→doing、sing→singing、comfort→comforting②以不发音的e、ue结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing，如dance→dancing、hike→hiking、write→writing、make→ making,take→taking③以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词加ing，如see→seeing、toe→toeing、dye→dyeing④以重读闭音节结尾的动词，并且末尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这一字母，再加ing，如cut→cutting、swim→swimming注：结尾是x则不必双写，如relax→relaxing⑤以ie结尾的动词，要把ie变成y再加ing，如die→dying，lie→lying.⑥以ic结尾的动词，要把ic变成ick再加ing，如picnic→picnicking，traffic→trafficking
过去分词构成形式：1．规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式）work---worked---worked ,& visit---visited---visited(2)、以不发音的“ e ” 结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,try---tried---tried,fry---fried---fried.[1](4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop---stopped---stopped& ,& drop---dropped--dropped(5)、以ic结尾的动词，要把ic变成ick再加ed，picnic→picnicked& ，traffic→trafficked2 、不规则动词：见不规则动词表
分词用法： 1、分词作状语 　　 分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。 　　 分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。当现在分词表示的动作发&生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,且所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。完成或被动关系用过去分词。 　　 ①现在分词：The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. 　　 ②过去分词：Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.&Given&& better attention, the plants could grow better. 　　 2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词”结构 　　 现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although,&until, if等连词。 　　 ①现在分词：When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for& the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work…… 　　 ②过去分词：Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it& well. 　　 Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand. 　　 3、分词作定语 　　 分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。 　　&We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. 　　&This is really an exhausting day to all of us! 　　 We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. 　　 After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. 　　 More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with& developed countries 　　 4、分词作宾语补足语 　　 现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。 例：I see him passing my house every day.I caught him stealing things in that shop.I smelt something burning.5、分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物； ①过去分词：We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.She felt confused, and even frightened.②现在分词：He was very amusing.That book was rather boring.很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.
动名词：如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词，那么这个词称动名词。 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。由于动名词是由动词变化而来，它仍保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的某些变化形式，用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用，作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
动名词的结构和形式：动名词的否定结构：动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。如： Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 实验没有成功也比不实验好。 He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。 I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉，没有早给你打电话。 He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。 I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了。（not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式） There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. （no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定）
动名词复合结构：通常情况下，动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不失谓语动的主语时，则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构，这种结构在句中可以作主语，宾语等。 （1）逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格，作宾语时（尤其在口语中），也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如： Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你看我去会有什么帮助吗？（宾语） The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。（主语） Do you mind my(me) smoking ? 你介意我抽烟吗？（宾语） They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there. 他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。（介词宾语） （2）逻辑主语是无生命名词是，通常只用名词普通格。如： Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? 你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗？ Is there any hope of our team winning the match ? 我们对赢得比赛有希望吗？ (3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时，只用普通格。如： She was woken up by somebody shouting outside. 她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。
动名词的形式（一般式，完成式和被动式）：(1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如： We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。 His coming will be of great help to us . 他来对我们大有帮助。 但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词　after, on,upon, 或for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如： I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。 On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息，母亲就禁不住哭了起来。 Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了，请原谅。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。 (2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。 He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。 We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。 (3)动名词的被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时，用被动语态。如： I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。 She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。 The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。 He doesn’t mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批评。
动名词与现在分词的关系：动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如：Speaking in the public,he will surely be very cheerful .（现在分词短语，作状语）他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。She hates speaking in the public.（动名词短语，作宾语）她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语，区别方法是：①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于“是”，通常把主语和表语的位置互换，语法和意思不变，例如：My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质，不能与主语互换位置，例如：The story is interesting .不可改为：Interesting is the story.2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，两者的区别在于：动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较：①a swimming boy和a swimming suit前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”，即a boy who is swimming，现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作；而后者的意思是“游泳衣”，即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”，即a child who is sleeping，现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态；而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”，即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。
动名词用法口诀：动名词常泛指，句法作用宾/表/定与主，时态/语态之形式，一般/完成/被动式。Being done 系被动，不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意，常用it作形式主语，不指未来发生事，表达的信息系已知。用作表语请记清，作用相当一名词，检验方法很简单，主与表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩，表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂，关键留意谓语动词（跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后），时态同谓动作比较，先于谓动用完成式，其逻辑主语不固定，在句中/句外均有之。否定式其前加not，复合式其前加物主词，非句首宾格词也可用，尤其口语中更如此。说明：1、主-----主语 2、宾-----宾语 3、表------表语 4、定------定语 5、谓动---谓语动词
动名词的用法： 一、动名词作主语&1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如： 　　 &&&& Swimming is a good sport in summer. 　　 2. 用 it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 　　 动名词做主语时，不太常用 it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如： It is no use telling him not to worry. 　　 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。 　　 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。 　　 3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如： 　　 There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。 　　&4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： 　　 No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） 　　 No parking. （禁止停车） 　　 5. 动名词的复合结构作主语 　　 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构(这时，名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如： 　　&Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 　　 二、动名词作宾语 1.作动词的宾语 　　 某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid,& consider, enjoy, finish&&&&& They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走，说个不停。&I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。 　　 Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic &regulations. 　　 每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。 　　&2.作介词的宾语 　　 We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.&我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。 　　 Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?&我们休息呢还是开始干活？ 　　 3.作形容词的宾语 　　 The music is well worth listening to more than once.&&这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 　　 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 三、动名词作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语、动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 　　 Your task is cleaning the windows.&& 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.) 　　 What I hate most is being laughed at.& 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 四、动名词作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如： 　　 a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking 　　 a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing 　　&a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading 　　 a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring 　　 sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping
动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。
动名词使用注意事项：1） 动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2） 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词3） 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例：I would appreciate you calling back this afternoon.4） 有些词后只能接动名词
understand...5） 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法it’ it’s no/little/hardly any/ it’s not/hardly/ it’ spend money/ there’ there’ there’ what’s the use/point6） 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义截然不容。例：remember to do/doing：①I remembered to post the letters.（指未来/过去未来将要做的动作）②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.（我记得做过这个动作）&forget与remember的用法类似。&regret的用法：①I regret to inform you that…（我很遗憾地通知你……）②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.（为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。）&try to（努力）与try +–ing（试验）：①You really must try to overcome your shyness.②Try practicing five hours a day.
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