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声明:本文由入驻搜狐公众平台的作者撰写,除搜狐官方账号外,观点仅代表作者本人,不代表搜狐立场。
  据英国《自然》期刊报道,由位于伦敦的谷歌旗下子公司――一家名为DeepMind的实验室所开发的人工智能(AI)程序AlphaGo,在毫无让子的情况下,以5比0的战绩击败了来自欧洲围棋冠军、华裔法国国家围棋队总教练樊麾。
  British journal &Nature& has announced that AlphaGo, an artificial intelligence (AI) program developed by Google's London-based subsidiary DeepMind, defeated European Go champion Fan Hui in 5 out of 5 games. This marks a major step forward in AI program development.
  一张图看清AlphaGo与樊麾的5局较量
  据悉,AlphaGo这款围棋AI还和其他几个种类的围棋AI程序展开了切磋,495局比赛中仅战败一局,获胜率高达99.8%!
  The program also competed against several other Go AI programs and only lost in one game out of a total of 495 matches, achieving a 99.8% winning rate.
  根据谷歌安排,AlphaGo的下一次“战斗”将定于3月进行。届时,这款AI将与韩国世界冠军李世石九段展开PK,若获胜,将赢得高达100万美元的奖金!
  The DeepMind team will further test AlphaGo by arranging a 5-game challenge match in Seoul against South Korean professional Lee Se Dol. Lee is widely considered as the world's top Go player for the last decade.The game has been scheduled in March, and AlphaGo will get a 1-million-dollar bonus if it wins the game.
  其实,人工智能在智力游戏领域击败人类已有20多年的历史……
  Computer programs have a long history of competing with human rivals in various games.
  1952年,计算机掌握了第一款游戏――井字棋。
  In 1952, the first game mastered by a computer program was Noughts and Crosses, also known as &tic-tac-toe.&
  1997年,美国国际商业机器公司IBM开发的计算机“深蓝”以3.5::2.5的战绩打败了当时的俄罗斯国际象棋大师卡斯帕洛夫,轰动了整个国际象棋界。
  In 1997, a computer called Deep Blue, developed by the International Business Machines Corporation, famously beat Russian chess champion Garry Kasparov 3.5 to 2.5.
  2011年,同样是IBM开发的计算机“Watson”在知名智力竞猜游戏节目《危险边缘》(Jeopardy!)中,击败两名节目史上最成功的选手,一举夺得了冠军,荣获高达77147美元的奖金。
  In 2011, another computer system &Watson& developed by the same company bested 2 champions, Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter, on game show &Jeopardy!&, winning 77,147 U.S. dollars in prize money.
  根据科学研究,围棋,这一具有2500多年历史的古老中国棋牌游戏,计算起来,可能的走法竟高达10的170次方种。尽管游戏规则相对简单,但围棋游戏实际上相当复杂。
  The game of Go originated in China over 2,500 years ago. The chess game has been regarded as an outstanding &grand challenge& for artificial intelligence, thanks to its large search space and the difficulty of evaluating board positions and moves.
  But the challenge is irresistible to AI researchers, who use games as a testing ground to invent smart, flexible algorithms that can rival humans in tackling problems.
  (注:以下部分图片来自共识网)
  根据谷歌的人工智能设计师,DeepMind创始人Demis Hassabis的说法,AlphaGo的系统之精华在于将高级搜索树和深度神经网络成功地结合在了一起。
  According to DeepMind Chief Executive Demis Hassabis, AlphaGo combines an advanced tree search with deep neural networks, and these neural works take a deion of the Go board as an input and process it through 12 different network layers containing millions of neuron-like connections.
  这些神经网络通过12个处理层传递对棋盘的描述,这些处理层包含数以百万计的类似于神经的连接点。其中,“政策网络”用来预测下一步怎么走,“价值网络”则用来预测棋盘上不同分布会导致什么不同的结果,也就是预测比赛谁赢谁输。
  One neural network is called &the policy network,& responsible for selecting the next move to play, while another one called &the value network& predicts the winner of the game.
  AlphaGo使用它们的方法是,把非常复杂的搜索树减少到可操作的规模。所以,它并不是在每一步都要考虑几百种步数,而只考虑政策网络提供的几十种最有前景的步法,价值网络的作用是减少搜索的深度。
  Hassabis表示,谷歌用人类围棋高手的3000万步围棋走法训练神经网络,直至神经网络预测人类走法的准确率达到57%。
  Hassabis said that developers trained the neural networks on 30 million moves from games played by human experts, until it was able to predict human moves 57% of the time.
  AlphaGo击败欧洲围棋冠军的消息在围棋界、乃至IT界,都引起了不小的震动。
  小米董事长雷军表示,这是人工智能的一个里程碑。
  著名围棋国手李幢硎荆AlphaGo这一AI已具有职业水准,但离战胜人类还尚有距离。不过,以谷歌机器学习堆数据的速度,今年三月对决李世石值得期待。
  曾三夺世界围棋冠军,目前名列中国围棋等级分第一的柯洁,看到AlphaGo的棋谱后表示震惊,虽然看棋谱感觉水平还是有限,但是这个机器将来还有学习进化的机会。
  不过,尽管目前AlphaGo机器取得了如此重大的成就,但谷歌公司自己也承认,目前围棋仍然是人工智能研究者面前的难题,因为计算机真正的围棋水平还只能达到业余选手的程度。
  同时,Hassabis还表示,虽然游戏是迅速高效开发及测试人工智能算法的完美平台,最终他们要将这些技术来真正解决现实社会中的重要问题。
  However, Google also admitted that Go still presents a big challenge for AI researchers, adding the current computers are only able to play Go as well as amateur human players.According to Hassabis, while games are perfect platforms for developing and testing AI algorithms quickly and efficiently, researchers ultimately plan to apply those techniques to deal with important real-word problems.
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