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英语时态表
常连用的词
一般现在时
1 be动词用am/is/are表示，之后接名词，形容词或介词。
once/twice/… a week/month/
on Sundays/Mondays/….;
一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的习惯性的动作或状态，或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态
陈述句：I am an office worker.　
He is so lazy.　They are at home now.
否定句： I am not Tim.
She is not very beautiful.
They are not in the office.
一般疑问句：Are you an office assistant?&&&&&& Is she beautiful?
2 行为动词用V原形或V-s/es，引导疑问句和否定句，用do或don’t；第三人称时用does或doesn’t,有does出现动词用原形；第三人称陈述句V后加s或es.
陈述句：I work in Shanghai.
He works at home.
Davy never watches TV at home.
否定句: I don’t like the food in KFC.
Davy doesn’t like the food in KFC either.
一般疑问句:
Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station?
一般过去时。
1．be动词用过去式was或 were表示。
last week/month/year/….;
on/in+过去的时间;
在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
陈述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful.
We were in Beijing last year.
否定句: I was not at home at that moment.
We were not at work yesterday.
一般疑问句: Were you a teacher?
Was she in the office last week?
2行为动词用V-ed，陈述句，疑问句和否定句借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。
陈述句：I worked in Sunmoon.
We studied English there. He lived in HongKong.
否定句: I didn’t work here.
They didn’t see me. She liked English a lot.
一般疑问句: Did you go to America?
Did he work in Sunmoon?
常连用的词
一般将来时
1 任何人称+will+V原形.
next week/month/year/...;
the week/month/year/...
on/in +将来的时间；
in+一段时间；.
即将发生动作或状态。
陈述句：I will fly to KongKong tomorrow.
He will go with us.
We will arrive in Shanghai next week.
否定句:I will never believe you again.
He will not come tonight.
We will not buy a car next year.
一般疑问句:Will you go there by train?
Will he come tomorrow?
Will they live a five-star hotel?
2 is/am/are+going to+V原形，表示计划打算做什么事情。
陈述句：I’m going to go to Kongkong by air.　
否定句:We are not going to buy a house here.
一般疑问句:Are they going to change their jobs?　
特殊疑问句:How are you going to tell him?
过去将来时
was/were going to +V原形
&多用在宾语从句中
在过去将会发生的动作。
陈述句：I was going to buy a computer.
They told me that they were not going to go abroad.
否定句:I was not going to buy a computer.
任何人称+would +V原形
He said he would come in in Shanghai.　
I said I would buy you a car one day.
常连用的词
现在进行时
is/am/are+V-ing　
Look!(放在句首);
Listen! (放在句首);
表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
陈述句：I’m waiting for my boy friend.
He is doing the housework at home now.
We are enjoying ourselves.
否定句:He is not playing toys.
一般疑问句:Are you having dinner at home?
Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?
特殊疑问句:What are you doing now?
Where are they having a meal?
过去进行时
was/were+V-ing
at+时间点+yesterday/
过去一段时间正在发生的动作。
陈述句：I was doing my homework at that time.
We were having a party while he was sleeping.
否定句:He was not sleeping at 11 o’clock last night.
一般疑问句: Were you watching TV at that time?
特殊疑问句: What were you doing at that moment?
常连用的词
现在完成时
have/has+ p.p（过去分词）
already；just；
yet(否定句中)；ever；never；once/twice/…
for+一段时间；
since +时间点；
since+一段时间+
by+现在时间；
during/over/in the past/last….
用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。简单的说，就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响。
陈述句：I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter.
He has lived here for nearly 10 years.
否定句:I haven’t finished my homework..
Tim hasn’t come yet.
We haven’t heard any news about him
一般疑问句: Has he worked here since he came here?
特殊疑问句: How long have you worked in this company?
特别注意：
1. have/has always been+名词/形容词/介词：总是或一直是什么样子。。。
He has always been a good father. I have always been busy.
They have always been in America.
2. have/has gone to:去了。。。
He has gone to Beijing.
They have gone to the cinema.
3. have/has been to:表示去过或到过。。。
I have been to Canada. Have you been to Hongkong?
Where have you been? I have never been here.
过去完成时
had + p.p（过去分词）
过去的过去：
by+过去的时间；
表“过去某动作或时间以前”的时间状语。
动作发生在过去的过去。
陈述句：He said he had told Davy.
They told us they had finished the work.
He left the office after he had called Davy.
否定句:She hadn’t had dinner before she went out.　
一般疑问句:Had she learnt English before she moved here?
特殊疑问句:how many English words had he learnt by the end of last year?
一、情态动词can, must, may。may没有否定形式。
陈述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.
否定句：I can’t swim at all. You mustn’t（表示禁止） smoke in the office.
一般疑问句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?
特殊疑问句： How can I get there? What must I do now?
由情态动词的过去式构成，can—could.
She could walk when she was one year old.
I could not speak English one year ago.
二、各种时态用法补充：
1、一般现在时
(1)在由after, until, befor, once, when, even if ,in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment以及if, unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。
例：I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
我一看见他，就把消息告诉他。
(2)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave等。
(3)在由why, what, where, whoever, who, that,as等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。
例：Tomorrow at this time we’ll give $500 to any one who brings him to justice.
2、一般将来时
(1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或即将发生的事情。
例：I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.
(2)be to +v表示计划安排将要做的事。
例：There is to be a rail strike on July 18th.
(3)be about to+v表示即将发生的事情。
例：We are about to start.
(4)be due to+v表示预先确定了的、必定要发生的事。
例：His book is due to be published in October.
他的书预定10月份出版。
(5)be on the point/verge of +(v-ing)sth.强调即将发生的某种事态。
例：The country is on the verge of civil war.
这个国家就要打内战了。
3、现在进行时
(1)表示现阶段经常发生的动作，常与always, continually, constantly等连用(多表示赞扬或厌恶等语气)。
例：John is always coming late. &&约翰总是迟到。
(2)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词，即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有;go, come, leave, start, arrive,return等。
例：They are leaving for Hongkong next monty.
他们下个月去香港。
(3)有些动词一般不能使用进行时，这是一类表示“感觉”、“感情”、“存在”、“从属”等的动词。如：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, appear(表示感觉的动词)；hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive(表示感情的动词)；be, exist, remain, stay, obtain(表示存在状态的动词)；have, possess, own, contain, belong,
consist of , form(表示占有与从属的动词)；understand, know, belive, think, doubt, forget, remember(表示思考、理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变，有时也可使用进行时态。
例：Jane looks pale.What’s wrong with him?
珍妮看上去脸色苍白，她怎么了？(look在此为联系动词)
例：Jane is looking for his books.
珍妮正在寻找她的书。(look在此为实义动词)
4．完成进行时
完成进行时是完成时的强调形式。
5．完成时态
(1)现在完成时与与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去发生的动作与现在的关系，如所发生的结果、影响等；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去表示某一时刻，不表示与现在的关系。
(2)完成时态可用在下列结构中：
This(That,It)is(was )the first(second….)time+定语从句：
This(That,It)is(was) the only (last)+名词+定语从句；
This(This,It)is (was)+形容词最高级+名词+定语从句。
如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词动词通常用现在完成时；
如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词通常用过去完成时。
例1：This is the first time(that )I’ve drunk Californian champagne.
&&&& 这是我第一次喝加利福尼亚香槟酒。
例2：There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
&&& 有人敲门，这是当天晚上第二次有人打扰我了。
6.动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望，预期，意图或愿望等没有实现。
例1：I had meant to leave to on Monday, but have stayed on.
我本来打算星期一离开，但最终还是继续留下来了。
另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是：
7.was / were+ to have done sth.
例1：We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.
我们本想昨天来的，但我们来不了。
8.intended (expected, hoped, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired)+ to have done sth.
例：1I mean to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
我本想告诉你这件事，但我忘掉了。
9.过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：
(1)hardly / scarcely / barely+过去完成时(倒装形式)+when +过去时
例1：Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with.
我一到达就有新问题要处理。
(2) no sooner+过去完成时(倒装形式)+than +过去时。
例1：No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.
这话刚说出口，他就意识到他本该保持沉默的。
(3)by(the end of )+过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。
例1：By the end of that year Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.
到那年年底，亨利已收集了一千多张外国邮票
完成进行时
一般现在时
现在进行时
现在完成时
现在完成进行时
一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
一般将来时
将来进行时
将来完成时
将来完成进行时
一般过去将来时
过去将来进行时
过去将来完成时
过去将来完成进行时
二、十六种时态的谓语形势
完成进行时态
am/is/are doing
have/has done
have/has been doing
was/were doing
had been doing
shall/will do
shall/will be doing
shall/will have done
shall/will have been doing
should/would do
should/would be doing
should/would have done
should/would have been doing
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>> 2015年职称英语考试基础词汇重点解析：动词
　　职称英语考试基础词汇重点解析八
　　动词的各种时态及其意义
　　相关背景知识介绍：
　　英语是通过谓语动词的各种表现形式 -- 时态，来标明谓语动词与时间的相对关系。 e.g. She is sick. 谓语部分是一般现在时态,结合一般现在时的结构的一种语意：表示现在存在的某个客观事实，所以判断该句的含义是“她(现在)生病了”; e.g. Mary gets up at six o’clock every morning. 谓语部分是一般现在时态, 结合句子中状语结构的含义(每天早晨)，判断这个的含义是“玛丽每天早晨6点起床”。从这个句子我们又了解到了一般现在时的结构的另一种语意：表示用于描述现在反复发生或习惯性的动作。
　　在时态上出题也是常见的考点，如：2005年综合C阅读判断的第一题：
　　For 2,005 years, Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.
　　A. right B. wrong C. not mentioned
　　1. B。 分析： 问题句的谓语部分用的是现在完成时态， 该时态表明谓语部分所表示的动作或状态是从过去某个时间开始， 一直持续到现在，并强调对现在所产生的影响。我们常常用中文中表示持续性的状语结构“一直”来翻译英语的完成时态， 所以该问题句的含义是“在2005年的时间里，爱尔兰一直是最适合人类居住的地方。” 文章中的答案相关句是：Ireland is the best place in the world to live in for 2005, according to a life quality ranking that appeared in Britain’s Economist magazine last week.划线结构用的是一般现在时态， 该时态用于描述在2005年的一个客观事实：“爱尔兰是2005年世界上最适合居住的地方” ， 显然问题句的时态和句意内容与文章中相关句的事态和句意内容不一致， 因此判断问题句的说法错误。
　　职称英语中常用的英语动词时态Ⅰ、一般现在时
　　结构形式：
　　动词be除第一人称单数用am，第三人称单数用is外，其余一律用are。
　　动词have除第三人称单数用has外，其余一律用have。
　　行为动词第三人称单数由动词原形+s或es构成，如learns, teaches, goes, studies等主，其余一律用动词原形。
　　基本用法：
　　用于表示客观事实，现在反复发生或习惯性的动作以及存在的特征、状态等，常与often, always, sometimes, usually, once a week, every day, seldom, never等时间状语连用。
　　(来自2005年职称英语综合类C级词汇选项部分的句子)
　　e.g. The earth moves around the sun.
　　e.g. He is a physician.
　　表示按计划或安排好的将来的动作，常使用arrive, be, go, start, stay等动词。
　　e.g. There is a dancing party tonight.
　　e.g. They arrive in Beijing tomorrow morning.
　　用在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
　　e.g. When you see them, we will come to Beijing.
　　e.g. If there is anything I can do for you, please let me know.
　　一般现在时态否定结构:
　　1) 如果谓语部分是行为动词，在构成否定结构时，需要在谓语结构中的行为动词的前面添加助动词和否定副词：主语是第三人称单数时， 所添加的助动词是does， 其他主语，则在句子中添加助动词 do。
　　e.g. The earth doesn’t move around/round the moon.
　　e.g. They don’t arrive in Beijing tomorrow morning.
　　2) 如果谓语部分是be动词， 在构成否定结构时只需要直接在be的后面添加否定副词not。
　　e.g. He isn’t a physician.
　　e.g. There isn’t any paper on the desk.
　　一般现在时态疑问结构：简单提一下:
　　e.g. The earth moves around the sun. -- Does the earth move around the sun?
　　e.g. He is a physician. C Is he a physician?
　　e.g. They don’t arrive in Beijing tomorrow morning.―Don’t they arrive in Beijing tomorrow morning?
　　练习与体会：
　　(卫生类C/B级文章：smoking)
　　(1)Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. (2)There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. (3)As smoke is breathed in, (4)all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs.
　　Ⅱ、一般过去时
　　1. 形式
　　1) 动词be除第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was外，其余一律用were。
　　2) 动词have一律用had。
　　3) 行为动词过去时的形式分两种：规则动词和不规则动词。前者由动词原形+(e)d构成，如worked, used, studied, stopped等，后者如made, said, wrote等，属于不规则的构成形式， 须逐个记忆。
　　过去式/过去分词构成不规则的动词，常见的有：
　　make Cmade C
　　say C said C said
　　write C wrote C written
　　go C went C gone
　　doC did C done
　　leave Cleft Cleft
　　sleep C slept C slept
　　rise Crose Crisen
　　arise Carose Carisen
　　drive --drove Cdriven
　　drink C drunk C drunk
　　take Ctook Ctaken
　　put C put Cput
　　beat Cbeat C beaten
　　come Ccame Ccome
　　run Cran Crun
　　choose Cchose Cchosen
　　give Cgave Cgiven
　　cut Ccut―cut
　　break C broke Cbroken
　　meet C met --met
　　ring Crang Crung
　　beat C beat --beaten
　　一般过去时态基本用法
　　用于表示过去的某时刻或某一时期内的动作或状态。常与表明过去时间的状语连用，如yesterday, then, just now, that month, two days ago, 或由when或while等引导的表明过去时间的状语从句。
　　e.g. We met him last month.
　　e.g. They stayed at home yesterday.
　　e.g. He was a doctor.
　　一般过去时态否定结构的构成：
　　1)　如果谓语部分是行为动词，在构成否定结构时， 需要在谓语结构中的行为动词的前面添加助动词did和否定副词，并且需要把原来谓语部分的过去分词结构还原成动词的原形。
　　e.g. We met him last month.-- We didn’t meet him last month.
　　e.g. They stayed at home yesterday.―They didn’t stay at home yesterday.
　　2) 如果谓语部分是be动词， 在构成否定结构时只需要直接在be的后面添加否定副词not。
　　e.g. He wasn’t out yesterday.
　　e.g. There wasn’t anyone in the room just now. (anyone Canybody)
　　一般过去时态疑问结构：简单提一下:
　　e.g. We met him last month. C Did you meet him last month?
　　e.g. He was out. C Was he out?
　　e.g. he wasn’t out yesterday.―Wasn’t he out yesterday?
　　练习与体会：
　　(2004年理工Hurricanes)
　　(1)Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? (2)They were simply given numbers. (3)The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. (4)But in 1953, female names were given because of the unpredictability (不可预知) factor of the storms.
　　Ⅲ、一般将来时
　　1. 形式
　　第一人称后接：“shall+动词原形”
　　第二、三人称后接：“will+动词原形”
　　注：在美国英语中第一、二、三人称都用“will +动词原形”
　　2. 基本用法：
　　用在表示将来的动作或状态：shall/will + v.
　　〔表示预想、预言、猜测等〕〔第一人称用 shall〕将…，会。
　　e.g. We will/shall win. 我们将会赢的。
　　e.g. He will let you know. 他将会让你知道的。
　　〔主语为第一人称时与未实现的意愿有关, 表示约定、意愿、主张、选择等〕要，想要
　　e.g. We shall (will) go to Nanjing tomorrow morning. 我们明天早上要去南京。
　　e.g. we will/shall invite you to our party. 我们想邀请你参加我们的宴会。
　　e.g. I will/shall be a good boy for the future. 我以后想要做一个好孩子。
　　3. 表示将来时态的其他形式与用法：
　　1)“be going to+动词原形”表示很快就要发生的事情或打算要做的事。
　　e.g. It’s going to rain. 天快要下雨了。
　　e.g. We are going to/will visit Beijing next week.
　　2)“be to+动词原形”表示安排好的动作或要求别人去做的事。
　　e.g. You are not to bring any materials to the exam room. 你们不得将任何材料带进考场。
　　e.g. He is to/will see me today. 他今天将要来看我。
　　e.g. They are to/ will be married in May. 他们预定在五月结婚。
　　3)“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或正要做的事。
　　e.g. The conference is about to begin. 大会即将开始。
　　4)“be+现在分词”有时可表示按计划即将发生的一个动作，但仅适用于少数的某些动词(如arrive, come, go, leave, start等)而且常跟表示较近将来的时间状语连用。
　　e.g. Our classmates are coming to see us the day after tomorrow.后天我们的同学将来看我们。
　　e.g. The bus is leaving. 汽车就要开了。
　　4. 一般将来时态的否定结构
　　e.g. We shall (will) go to Nanjing tomorrow morning. -- We shall (will) not go to Nanjing tomorrow morning.
　　e.g. It’s going to rain. C It isn’t going to rain.
　　5. 一般将来时态的疑问句结构
　　e.g. We shall (will) go to Nanjing tomorrow morning. C Shall/Will we go to Nanjing tomorrow morning?
　　e.g. It’s going to rain. C Is it going to rain?
　　练习与体会：
　　(理工C级 Look after your Voice)
　　If you are willing to change, you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your life.
　　Ⅳ、现在完成时
　　1. 形式：
　　1) 现在完成时由助动词have(has)+过去分词构成。除第三人称单数用has外，其他人称一律用have。
　　2) 过去分词的形式有规则的和不规则的两种。前者由动词原形+(e)d构成，如worked, used, studied, stopped等，后者如made, gone, written, cut等，须逐个记忆。
　　2.基本用法：
　　1)用于表示动作现在已经完成：
　　e.g. We have just come back.
　　e.g. She has written three books up to now.
　　2)表示过去发生但对现在有影响的动作。可以不用时间状语，但也可和一些不确定过去时间的副词连用，如already, before, ever, never, just, once, recently ,yet等，例如:
　　e.g. Who has broken the window? 谁把窗户玻璃打破了?
　　e.g. We have never seen such a film before.我们以前从没有看过这样的一部电影。
　　3) 也可表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在,而且可能继续延续下去, 常和for引导的短语或和since引导的短语或从句连用。
　　e.g. We have studied English for more than 10 years.
　　e.g. He has lived here since he divorced Mary.
　　3. 完成时态的否定结构
　　e.g. We have seen such a film before. C We haven’t seen such a film before./We have never seen such a film before. /We have rarely/hardly seen such a film before.
　　练习与体会：
　　(综合C级The Barbie Dolls)
　　Barbie has undergone a lot of changes over the years and has managed to keep up with current trends in hairstyles, makeup and clothing.
　　以下还有几种时态也较常出现在职称英语的文章中。
　　Ⅴ、现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)
　　1. 形式：
　　1) 现在进行时由助动词am, is, are+现在分词构成。第一人称单数用am，第三人称单数用is，其他人称一律用are。
　　2) 现在分词由动词原形+ing构成，如learning, making, stopping等。
　　2. 基本用法
　　4) 用在此刻正在进行的动作。
　　e.g. What are you doing here?
　　5) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，而此刻并不一定在进行。
　　e.g. We are doing an experiment this month..我们这个月在做一个实验(说话时不一定在做实验)。
　　3. 现在进行时态的否定结构:
　　e.g. We are doing an experiment this month. C We are not…
　　4. 现在进行时态的疑问句结构:
　　e.g. We are doing an experiment this month. C Are you doing…
　　练习与体会：
　　(综合A/B级：Importance of services)
　　These people argue that manufacturing jobs, which have been the economic foundation of America’s middle class, are vanishing. They claim that factory workers are being replaced with a host of low-wage earners.
　　Ⅵ、过去将来时
　　由“shall或will的过去式should或would+动词原形”构成。
　　表示在过去某一时刻之后将要发生的动作或情况。过去将来时态如果出现在从句中， 则主句谓语动词通常是是一般过去时。如：
　　e.g. We wanted to know when the English class would begin.
　　过去将来时的否定和疑问结构：
　　e.g. We would like to have some hamburgers.
　　e.g. We would not like to have some hamburgers.
　　e.g. Would you like to have some hamburgers?
　　练习与体会：
　　(综合A/B级：Plants and Mankind)
　　From then on humans would increasingly make their living from the controlled production of a few plants….
　　earn [get, make] one's living 谋生
　　Ⅶ、过去进行时(the past continuous tense)
　　过去进行时由“was (were)+现在分词”构成。
　　表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作，通常带有一个表示过去时间的状语或时间状语从句结构
　　e.g. We were having a meeting at two thirty yesterday afternoon.
　　练习与体会：
　　(卫生2002年C级阅读理解考题：On the Train)
　　As he turned out his pocket to find enough money he saw the gentleman was watching him with amusement.. Donald realized that he was in quite an awkward situation, but the man was smiling.
　　Ⅷ、过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense)
　　由"had+过去分词"构成该时态的谓语,各人称都一样。
　　表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作,这个到过去某一时刻为止的时间常用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或从句以状语形式来表示。
　　e.g. By the end of July last year, I had worked for forty years.
　　注意：
　　含有after, as soon as, before等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本身已明确动作发生的次序,所以,这个从句也可以用一般过去时表示，不用过去完成时。如：
　　e.g. Students went out after the bell rang. 铃响后同学们出去了
　　e.g. I informed him of the progress of the work as soon as I arrived here
　　我一到这里就把工作进程告诉了他。
　　练习与体会：
　　(综合C级：The Cherokee Nation)
　　The Cherokees refused to go. They had lived on their lands for centuries.
　　When the last group arrived in their new home in March 1839, more than 4,000 had died.
　　以下还有两种时态偶尔我们也可能会在职称英语的文章中遇到：
　　Ⅸ、将来完成时(The Future Perfect Tense)
　　第一人称:shall (will)+have+过去分词
　　第二、三人称:will + have+过去分词
　　表示在将来某一时刻之前完成的动作。如:
　　e.g. By this time next year they will have built a hotel here.
　　e.g. Hurry up! Or the train will have left before we get to the station.
　　2005年理工类阅读理解部分考题文章:
　　From Almost Human?
　　Scientists are racing to build the world’s first thinking robot. That is not science fiction: some say they will have made it by the year 2020.
　　Ⅹ、现在完成进行时(The Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
　　第三人称单数:has + been+ 现在分词
　　其余人称:have + been+ 现在分词
　　表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在的动作,可能会继续进行下去或是到说话时结束,但强调到说话时为止一直在进行的动作。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:for years, since early morning等。
　　e.g. They have been studying English for years.
　　e.g. He has been done English since early morning.
　　do: 处理;修理;收拾(房间等);洗;整(容);预备(功课);解答(问题)
　　do the dishes 洗碗
　　do one's face 整容，化妆
　　do one's hair 梳头发，做头发
　　do the room [kitchen]收拾房间[厨房]
　　do one's homework 做作业，做功
　　职称英语核心词汇推荐:
　　base n. 底, 基础,基地v. 根据， 基于(be based on/upon: 基于);
　　basic adj. 基本的，基础的，主要的，首要的;
　　basis n.基础, 基本, 根据(on the basis of/ 以..为基础);
　　basketball n. 篮球;
　　battle n. 战役(指大规模会战), 战争;
　　be v. 是，就是;在，存在 aux.v. [与动词的现在分词连用, 构成各种进行时态]; [与及物动词的过去分词连用, 构成被动语态]e.g. The bridge was built in 1982./这桥建于1982年。[与动词不定式连用, 表示职责、义务、意图、约定、可能性等] e.g. I am to visit Mr. Green tomorrow./我明天要去拜访格林先生…[用于表示虚拟语气]e.g. If I were you, .../假如我是你的话...
　　bear n.熊v. (bore, borne)负担, 忍受, 生产(农作物或水果)(bear… in mind/牢记…在心 ) (bear C endure―stand C tolerate/忍受)
　　beat v. 打, 敲, 击败, 【音】打(拍子)，(心脏等)跳动(heart beats. /心脏跳动; beat sb. /战胜..; beat time/打拍子 ; a heartbeat /心跳声);
　　beautiful adj.美丽的, 很好的; (beautiful Cpretty C handsome Clovely Cgood-looking C smart/美丽的, 漂亮的)
　　beauty n. 美, 美丽, 美人(beauty art/ 美容术, 化妆术; beauty contest/选美会;
　　because　conj. 因为　(because 引导从句，而 because of 引导名词性短语，如：I do it because I like it. /我做这件事是因为我喜欢; He eats because of greed, not hunger. 他不是因为饿了,而是因为贪嘴才吃的。);
　　become (became, become) v. 变为, 成为, 适合;
　　bed n. 床, (苗)床, (花)坛(make one's bed/整理床铺; go to bed/上床，上床睡觉; single [double] bed/单人[双人]床; lie in bed/躺在床上);
　　bedroom n. 卧室, 寝室;
　　bee n. 蜂, 蜜蜂, 忙碌的人;
　　beef n. 牛肉;
　　beer n. 啤酒, 一份啤酒
　　before adv.在前, 以前; prep.在...之前; conj.在...之前 (the day before yesterday /前天 );
　　(A级) beforehand adv. 事先, 预先; beforehand = in advance
　　begin: (began, begun, beginning) v.开始, 首先( begin to do sth./开始..; to begin with/首先;
　　beginner n. 初学者;
　　beginning n. 开始, 起点, 开端部分 adj. 初等的, 初级的( at the beginning/从一开始; at the beginning of/在...初; f in the beginning/当初, 开始时);
　　behalf n. 利益, 代表 (on behalf of/代表, 为了; on sb.'s behalf/以某人的名义, 代表某人);
　　behavior n.举止, 行为;
　　behind prep. 在…后面;向…后面;
　　being (be的现在分词)n. 存在, 存在物(a human being/人; for the time being/暂时, 目前);
　　belief (pl. beliefs) n. (宗教)信仰, 信心, 信条(have a strong belief in sth. /虔诚地信仰..; beyond belief/令人难以置信);
　　believe v. 相信, 信任, 认为, 想 (believe sb. /信任某人; believe in/信仰, 信任; believe it or not/信不信由你);
　　belong v. 属于(to), 合适, 对…合适或有用(belong to/属于);
　　below prep. 在…的下面, 低于… adv. 在较低处, 在下面(be below [sb., sth.]低于, 级别低于(某人) );
　　beneath adv.在...之下prep.在...之下, 紧靠着..的底下;
　　(B级)beneficial adj. 有利[益]的(to), 受益的(be beneficial to/ 有益于); beneficial = profitable
　　词汇部分练习题:
　　(EMBA, 2000)
　　1. It was a long time ___ I could get to sleep again. So I felt sleepy next morning.
　　A. before B. after C. since D. when
　　1. A.分析: 被选项A和B构成正反义项, 所以首先重点注意。该句说“很长的时间…我能再次入睡”， 从这个句意来看A(在…之前)合适.
　　(该题变形于CET-4, 2003, 6)
　　2. Not only the professionals but also the amateurs will profit by the new training facilities.
　　A. derive from B. suffer from C. benefit from D. prevent from
　　2. C. 分析: 被选项都是与介词from搭配的动词短语, 借助划线短语所在的搭配结构“业余爱好者…新的训练设备”, 判断C(从…获益)
　　derive from 由…而来
　　suffer from 患…,遭受到…
　　prevent… from阻止某人/某物…
　　练习：
　　Put the verbs in brackets into correct tenses./在括号里填上动词合适的时态。
　　1. There_____(be) a plane ready to take off the airport.
　　2. Jack_____(be) ready in a moment.
　　3. It_____(rain) a great deal during the summer in our country.
　　4. T it_____(rain).
　　5. Don't make a sound or you_____(wake) the baby and then he_____(not get) to sleep again.
　　6. The judge always_____(study) all the facts about the case.
　　7. We'd better leave a message for Bill, otherwise he_____(not how)where we have gone.
　　8. It wi11 be very late when she_____(get) home.
　　9. The last train_____(1eave) the station at 11:30.
　　10. Lucy_____(take) the college entrance examination at the beginning of next month.
　　11. He said he_____ (learn) 3000 English words by the end of this term.
　　12. I heard Peter_____ (make) a terrible mistake.
　　13. Peter hoped Jack_____ (meet) him for lunch one day.
　　14. By the time we got to the airport, the plane_____ (take) off.
　　15. They_____ (live) here for 5years before we moved in.
　　16. They said they_____ (wait) for me if I was late.
　　17. We hoped that the new meter_____ (be) useful for the experiment.
　　18. In two month's time he_____ (finish) his training.
　　19. "We have our tickets."
　　"That's good, I was afraid that you_____ (forget) them.”
　　20. I hope they _____(repair) this road by the time we come back next summer.
　　2. Choose the best answers
　　The Greatest Show on Earth (B/C级)
　　The Olympic Games(奥林匹亚运动会) are the greatest festival (节日)of sport in the world. Every four years, a hundred or more countries send their best sportsmen to compete for the highest honors in sport. As many as 6,000 people take part in (参加)over 20 sports. For the winners, there are gold medals and glory. But there is honor, too, for all who compete, win or lose. That is in spirit of the Olympics---to take part is what matters.
　　The Olympic Games always start in a bright color and action. The teams of all the nations parade (列队行进)in the opening ceremony and march round the track. The custom is for the Greek team to march in first. For it was in Greece that the Olympics began. The team of the country where the Games are being hold(定语从句)---the host country (主办国)--- marches in last.
　　The runner with the Olympic torch (火炬)then enters the stadium(体育场) and lights the flame(火焰). A sportsman from the host country takes the Olympic oath(誓言) on behalf of (代表)all the competitors. The judges and officials also take an oath(宣誓). After the sportsmen march out of the stadium, the host country puts on (演出)a wonderful display.
　　The competitions begin the next day. There are usually more than twenty sports in the Games. The rule is that there must be at least fifteen(表语从句). The main events are in track and field, but it is a few days before these sports start(时间状语从句). Each day the competitors take part in a different sport-riding, shooting, swimming, and cross-country running. Points are gained for each event. Medals are awarded for the individual winners and for national teams.
　　More and more women are taking part in the games. They first competed in 1900, in tennis and golf, which are no longer held in the Olympics(定语从句，no longer：不再 ). Women’s swimming events were introduced in 1912. But it was not until 1928 that there were any track and field events for women(强调句型： it + is/was + 被强调的某个语法结构 + that引出句子的其他部分). Now, they compete in all but (除了)half a dozen of (12个)the sports. In horse riding, shooting, shooting, and boat racing, they may compete in the same events as the men.
　　1. Why is there honor for the losers as well as for the winners?
　　A) Because failure is the mother of success.
　　B) Because losers need encouragement, too.
　　C) Because losers and winners should be equally treated.
　　D) Because what really matters is to take part in the Olympic Games.
　　2.Which of the following is a long C established practice the opening ceremony?
　　A) Runners enter the stadium with torches.
　　B) Each team has to put on a wonderful display.
　　C) The Greek team marches in first.
　　D) Men and women wear magnificent clothes.
　　3.Who takes the Olympic oath?
　　A) A judge from the host country.
　　B) An official from the host country.
　　C) A Greek sportsman.
　　D)A sportsman from the host country.
　　4.What are the most important events in the Olympic Games?
　　A) The track and field events.
　　B) The horse- riding events.
　　C) The swimming events.
　　D) The boat-racing events.
　　sport- riding, shooting, swimming, and cross-country running
　　5.When did women start taking part in the Olympic Games?
　　A) In 1912.
　　B) In 1900.
　　C) In 1928.
　　D) In 1924.
　　3. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese and pay attention to the verbs used in the paragraph:
　　Radio and Television (C级)
　　1 There are few homes in Britain today that do not have either a radio or television set(定语从句， that指代前面的homes). Both of them have become an essential part of our life, keeping us informed of the news of the day, instructing us in many fields of interest, and entertaining us with singing, dancing and acting(划线结构是现在分词结构，与句子的谓语部分并列).
　　2 Television is another major instrument of communication, permitting us to see as well as to hear the performer(划线结构是现在分词结构，与句子的谓语部分并列). Since its appearance, TV has had a tremendous effect on the daily life of people everywhere.
　　3 Improvements of all kind are constantly being made in television so that reception will be as close to perfect as possible(结果状语从句， so that/以至于). Perhaps the most recent advancement of significance has been “Telstar.” The specially equipped space capsule(太空飞船), orbiting the globe(分词结构， 作定语修饰前面的space capsule), makes it(形式宾语) possible for the entire world to be closer than ever before(真正的宾语). Now a family in Manchester can watch on TV a football match in France, a ski tournament(锦标赛) in Norway, or a parade in Japan as these events are actually happening(时间状语从句， as“当”).
　　参考答案：
　　Put the verbs in brackets into correct tenses./在括号里填上动词合适的时态。
　　1. 2. 3. 4. 5. will wake, 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
　　2. Choose the best answers
　　1. D。该题问“为什么赢家和输家都会获得尊敬?”。在第1段的最后一句找到答案。
　　2.C.该题问“什么是奥运会开幕式上的惯例?”在第2段的第3句找到答案相关句the custom is for the Greek to march in first(希腊队先入场是惯例)。
　　3.D.该题问“谁做奥运宣誓?”。在第三段的第2句找到答案相关句，是“来自东道国的运动员”。
　　4.A.该题问“奥运会上最重要的赛事是什么?”。在第四段的第4句找到相关句，是“田径赛”。
　　5.B.该题问“妇女什么时候开始参加奥运会的?”。备选答案都是时间，因此可在原文中查找以阿拉伯数字出现的年代。在最后一段的第2句找到答案。
　　3. Translate the following passage into Chinese and pay attention to the verbs used in the passage:
　　今日英国，收音机和电视几乎已经深入每个家庭，它们已经成为了我们生活中不可缺少的一部分。它们能使我们了解到每天的新闻，帮助我们提高对许多领域的兴趣，让我们得到音乐，舞蹈和表演的消遣。
　　电视机是另一种主要的通讯工具。它能让我们在听到声音的同时也看到了表演者的表演。自从电视问世以来，它已经对我们的日常生活产生了巨大的影响。
　　人们一直在给电视做各种改进，以使信号的接受尽可能趋于完美。“电视卫星”也许是近来最重大的进步。这个特殊装置的太空舱绕地球轨道运行着，是世界变得越来越小。如今，在曼彻斯特(英国英格兰西北部港市)的家中通过电视就可以看到正在法兰西进行的足球比赛，在挪威进行的滑雪锦标赛或在日本举行的游行。
责编：stone
11-21&11-21&11-21&11-21&11-21&
2017年职称英语考试宝典VIP特训保过版(卫生类A级)}