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The predictability of our death rates is something that has long puzzled social scientists. After all, there is no natural reason why 2,500 people should accidentally shoot themselves each year or why 7,000 should drown or 55,000 die in their cars. No one establishes a quota (定额) for each type of death. It just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year.A few years ago a Canadian psychologist named Gerald Wilde became interested in this phenomenon. He noticed that mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths throughout the Western world have remained strangely static throughout the whole of the century, despite all the technological advances and increases in safety standards that have happened in that time. Wilde developed an interesting theory called “risk homeostasis”. According to this theory, people naturally live with a certain level of risk. When something is made safer, people will get around the measure in some way to get back to the original level of danger. If, for instance, they are required to wear seat belts, they will feel safer and thus will drive a little faster and a little more recklessly, thereby statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt offers. Other studies have shown that where a crossing is made safer, the accident rate invariably falls there but rises elsewhere along the same stretch of road as if making up for the drop. It appears, then, that we have an inborn need for danger. In all events, it is becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the factors influencing our lifespan are far more subtle and complex than had been previously thought. It now appears that if you wish to live a long life, it isn’t simply a matter of paying attention to certain precautions such as eating the right foods, not smoking, and driving with care. You must also have the right attitude. Scientists at the Duke University Medical Center made a 15-year study of 500 persons personalities and found, somewhat to their surprise, that people with a suspicious or mistrustful nature die prematurely far more often than people with a sunny disposition. Looking on the bright side, it seems, can add years to your life span.【小题1】What social scientists have long felt puzzled about is why&.A．the death rate can not be predictedB．the death toll remained stable year after yearC．a quota for each type of death has not come into beingD．people lost their lives every year for this or that reason【小题2】In his research, Gerald Wilde finds that technological advances and increases in safety standards　&.A．have helped solve the problem of so high death rateB．have oddly accounted for death rates in the past centuryC．have reduced death rates for violent and accidental deathsD．have achieved no effect in bringing down the number of deaths【小题3】According to the theory of “risk homeostasis”, some traffic accidents result from　&.A．our inborn desire for riskB．our fast and reckless drivingC．our ignorance of seat belt benefitsD．our instinctive interest in speeding【小题4】By saying “statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt offers” (Para. 2), the author means　&.A．wearing seat belts does not have any benefits from the statistic point of viewB．deaths from wearing seat belts are the same as those from not wearing themC．deaths from other reasons counterbalance the benefits of wearing seat beltsD．wearing seat belts does not necessarily reduce deaths from traffic accidents【小题5】Which of the following may contribute to a longer life span?A．Showing adequate trust instead of suspicion of othersB．Eating the food low in fat and driving with great careC．Cultivating an optimistic personality and never losing heartD．Looking on the bright side and developing a balanced level of risk&
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题型：解答题&|&来源：2014-浙江省嘉兴市第一中学高二暑假作业检测英语试卷
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习题“The predictability of our death rates is something that has long puzzled social scientists. After all, th...”的分析与解答如下所示：
文章介绍长期困扰社会科学家的问题是为什么死亡人数年复一年保持稳定，文章分析了各种死亡的原因。【小题1】语义理解题 问的是长期困扰社会科学家的问题是什么，本题的依据是第一段最后一句It just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year，与选项B“死亡人数年复一年保持稳定”相吻合。【小题2】细节推论题 本题题干出现在第二段第二句， 意思说： 虽然有技术进步和安全标准的 提高，西方世界的暴力和意外死亡率在整个世纪中保持着奇怪的恒定（static），由此判断，技术进步和安全标准的提高并未降低各种原因的死亡人数，D 项正确。【小题3】细节理解题 问题是“根据体内风险平衡理论， 某些交通事故是由于什么原因”， A)“我们天生的冒险欲望”；B)“开快车，开鲁莽车”；C)“无视安全带的好处”；D)“对超速行驶的本能 兴趣”。 在第二段靠后， 作者先列举交通事故例子， 然后在最后一句得出结论： appears,then, that It we have an innate need for danger. 符合 A 项意思。【小题4】句意理解题 本句大体意思是：从数字统计的角度说，（开快车开鲁莽车导致的死亡 人数的增加）抵消了系保险带（引起的死亡人数减少）的好处。cancel out 解释为“抵消，对消”。 所以 C 项“因为其他原因引起的死亡对消了系保险带的好处”符合题意。A 和 D 都包含系保险带 没有好处，不对，系保险带有 benefits，会降低这方面原因导致的死亡事故。B)“系安全带与不 系安全带的死亡人数一样”，无此意。所以选C。【小题5】语义理解题 问什么有助于长寿，依据最后一段。A)“对别人信任不要怀疑”，不对， 倒数第二句是说疑惑心重的人比乐观豁达的人早逝；B 项不对，文中说“eating&the&right foods”， 并不等于低脂食物；C 项正确，“an optimistic personality and never losing heart”都是“a sunny disposition”的特征；D 项后半部分不对。 所以选C。考点: 考查人生百味类短文
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欢迎来到乐乐题库，查看习题“The predictability of our death rates is something that has long puzzled social scientists. After all, there is no natural reason why 2,500 people should accidentally shoot themselves each year or why 7,000 should drown or 55,000 die in their cars. No one establishes a quota (定额) for each type of death. It just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year.A few years ago a Canadian psychologist named Gerald Wilde became interested in this phenomenon. He noticed that mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths throughout the Western world have remained strangely static throughout the whole of the century, despite all the technological advances and increases in safety standards that have happened in that time. Wilde developed an interesting theory called “risk homeostasis”. According to this theory, people naturally live with a certain level of risk. When something is made safer, people will get around the measure in some way to get back to the original level of danger. If, for instance, they are required to wear seat belts, they will feel safer and thus will drive a little faster and a little more recklessly, thereby statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt offers. Other studies have shown that where a crossing is made safer, the accident rate invariably falls there but rises elsewhere along the same stretch of road as if making up for the drop. It appears, then, that we have an inborn need for danger. In all events, it is becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the factors influencing our lifespan are far more subtle and complex than had been previously thought. It now appears that if you wish to live a long life, it isn’t simply a matter of paying attention to certain precautions such as eating the right foods, not smoking, and driving with care. You must also have the right attitude. Scientists at the Duke University Medical Center made a 15-year study of 500 persons personalities and found, somewhat to their surprise, that people with a suspicious or mistrustful nature die prematurely far more often than people with a sunny disposition. Looking on the bright side, it seems, can add years to your life span.【小题1】What social scientists have long felt puzzled about is why____.A．the death rate can not be predictedB．the death toll remained stable year after yearC．a quota for each type of death has not come into beingD．people lost their lives every year for this or that reason【小题2】In his research, Gerald Wilde finds that technological advances and increases in safety standards____.A．have helped solve the problem of so high death rateB．have oddly accounted for death rates in the past centuryC．have reduced death rates for violent and accidental deathsD．have achieved no effect in bringing down the number of deaths【小题3】According to the theory of “risk homeostasis”, some traffic accidents result from____.A．our inborn desire for riskB．our fast and reckless drivingC．our ignorance of seat belt benefitsD．our instinctive interest in speeding【小题4】By saying “statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt offers” (Para. 2), the author means____.A．wearing seat belts does not have any benefits from the statistic point of viewB．deaths from wearing seat belts are the same as those from not wearing themC．deaths from other reasons counterbalance the benefits of wearing seat beltsD．wearing seat belts does not necessarily reduce deaths from traffic accidents【小题5】Which of the following may contribute to a longer life span?A．Showing adequate trust instead of suspicion of othersB．Eating the food low in fat and driving with great careC．Cultivating an optimistic personality and never losing heartD．Looking on the bright side and developing a balanced level of risk”的答案、考点梳理，并查找与习题“The predictability of our death rates is something that has long puzzled social scientists. After all, there is no natural reason why 2,500 people should accidentally shoot themselves each year or why 7,000 should drown or 55,000 die in their cars. No one establishes a quota (定额) for each type of death. It just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year.A few years ago a Canadian psychologist named Gerald Wilde became interested in this phenomenon. He noticed that mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths throughout the Western world have remained strangely static throughout the whole of the century, despite all the technological advances and increases in safety standards that have happened in that time. Wilde developed an interesting theory called “risk homeostasis”. According to this theory, people naturally live with a certain level of risk. When something is made safer, people will get around the measure in some way to get back to the original level of danger. If, for instance, they are required to wear seat belts, they will feel safer and thus will drive a little faster and a little more recklessly, thereby statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt offers. Other studies have shown that where a crossing is made safer, the accident rate invariably falls there but rises elsewhere along the same stretch of road as if making up for the drop. It appears, then, that we have an inborn need for danger. In all events, it is becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the factors influencing our lifespan are far more subtle and complex than had been previously thought. It now appears that if you wish to live a long life, it isn’t simply a matter of paying attention to certain precautions such as eating the right foods, not smoking, and driving with care. You must also have the right attitude. Scientists at the Duke University Medical Center made a 15-year study of 500 persons personalities and found, somewhat to their surprise, that people with a suspicious or mistrustful nature die prematurely far more often than people with a sunny disposition. Looking on the bright side, it seems, can add years to your life span.【小题1】What social scientists have long felt puzzled about is why____.A．the death rate can not be predictedB．the death toll remained stable year after yearC．a quota for each type of death has not come into beingD．people lost their lives every year for this or that reason【小题2】In his research, Gerald Wilde finds that technological advances and increases in safety standards____.A．have helped solve the problem of so high death rateB．have oddly accounted for death rates in the past centuryC．have reduced death rates for violent and accidental deathsD．have achieved no effect in bringing down the number of deaths【小题3】According to the theory of “risk homeostasis”, some traffic accidents result from____.A．our inborn desire for riskB．our fast and reckless drivingC．our ignorance of seat belt benefitsD．our instinctive interest in speeding【小题4】By saying “statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt offers” (Para. 2), the author means____.A．wearing seat belts does not have any benefits from the statistic point of viewB．deaths from wearing seat belts are the same as those from not wearing themC．deaths from other reasons counterbalance the benefits of wearing seat beltsD．wearing seat belts does not necessarily reduce deaths from traffic accidents【小题5】Which of the following may contribute to a longer life span?A．Showing adequate trust instead of suspicion of othersB．Eating the food low in fat and driving with great careC．Cultivating an optimistic personality and never losing heartD．Looking on the bright side and developing a balanced level of risk”相似的习题。}