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阅读，只需一秒。精彩，尽在掌握！剑桥雅思阅读同义词替换是雅思阅读题中的出题点.九天教育vivian老师为大家从剑桥雅思中总结提炼出了最高频的雅思阅读同义词替...
剑桥雅思阅读同义词替换是雅思阅读题中的出题点。九天教育vivian老师为大家从剑桥雅思中总结提炼出了最高频的雅思阅读同义词替换系列，供大家学习。剑桥四阅读考点替换词名词1.the destruction of rainforests （原文） --the loss of the rainforests2.rainforest conservation( 原文 )—the rainforests to be protected3.the geographical location—where the rainforests were4.courtship ritual—mating5.feeding—eating6.young people—teens7.high standing—high opinion8.take courses—retrain9.domestic building—dwellings10.economic progress—economic growth形容词：1.Rudimentary—underdeveloped2.Well-developed—best developed3.Surprised—taken aback4.be loath to/be conservative about —be reluctant to4.chronic—long-term5.Awareness—conscious6.basic--fundamental动词：1.Resemble—make similar choices/look like2. choose entrepreneurship—set up their own business3.make unbiased statements—comment objectively on4.deal only with—focus on5.be derived from—be gained from6.break records—set new records7.comprehend—explain8.be broken down—be subdivided9.predict—estimate10.the elderly—elderly peopleAB 相关替换：1.media coverage—Newspaper and television2.A curve inside the circle—a symbol3.Government policy—government initiative4.A growing interest in cultural identity—increasing appreciation5.Bilingualism—more than one language6.Facial expression—body language7.Nutriment—diet8.Pots, tools and weapons—objects关系替换：1.People can learn…-- it can teach people…2. A depends on B—B affect A请关注九天官方平台：jiutianedu或拨打我们的电话：400-625-6336，九天名师将进一步为您解答。你所看到的，也许就是别人所需要的，谢谢你的转发！！！
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(), All rights reserved 京ICP备号-12be subdivided into
被再分成(be subdivided into), 此释义来源于网络辞典。
基于2个网页-
可以划分为
They enable complex computational tasks to be subdivided into pieces small enough to fit comfortably into a single human brain.
它们能够将复杂的计算任务细分为足够小的部分，从而能够容易地被人类理解。
Even a single hippocampal area can actually be subdivided into at least nine discrete regions, each with its own genetic makeup.
即使是单一的海马区，其实至少可分为9个独立的区域，各区又有自己独特的基因构成。
And this whole note obviously can be subdivided into two half notes and each of the half notes into two quarter notes each of these quarter notes into two eighth notes, and so on.
这个全音符,很明显,可以再分为两个半音符,每个半音符又可以再细分为两个四分之一音符,每个四分之一音符可以再分为两个八分之一音符,等等
And this whole note obviously can be subdivided into two half notes and each of the half notes into two quarter notes each of these quarter notes into two eighth notes, and so on.
这个全音符,很明显,可以再分为两个半音符,每个半音符又可以再细分为两个四分之一音符,每个四分之一音符可以再分为两个八分之一音符,等等
This enormous log home not only has garage space for 28 vehicles, but sits on 40-plus acres of prime skiing space that can be subdivided and developed into 16 possible ski lots.
$firstVoiceSent
- 来自原声例句
请问您想要如何调整此模块？
感谢您的反馈，我们会尽快进行适当修改！
请问您想要如何调整此模块？
感谢您的反馈，我们会尽快进行适当修改！英语词汇学串讲内容 （三）_陈天余吧_百度贴吧
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英语词汇学串讲内容 （三）
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英语词汇学串讲内容&（三）&
第七章:&Changes&in&Word&Meaning&
两个大的部分:
1.&Types&of&Semantic&changes&(五种)
(1)extension
extension&又被称作generalization
e.g&’manuscript’&original&meaning&’&handwritting---now&’any&author’s&writing&whether&written&by&hand&or&typed&with&a&type-writer
&barn&&original&meaning&’&a&place&for&stroing&only&barely’---now&’storeroom’
(2)narrowing
narrowing&又被称作specialization&
e.g.&&deer&&animal---now&just&’deer’
&corn&&grain---now&’maize’only
’garage’&any&safe&place---’&a&place&for&storing&cars’
(3)&degradation
degradation&又被称作pejoration&
e.g.&&boor&&peasant---now&a&rude,&ill-mannered&person
&churl&peasant&or&free&man---uncultivated&or&mean&person
&hussy&&housewife---a&woman&of&low&moral
&villain&&a&person&who&worked&in&a&villa---evil&person&or&scoundrel&
(4)&elevation&
elevation&又被称作&ameliration&
e.g.&&nice&&ignorance---foolish---now&elevated&to&’delight,&pleasant’
&marshal&&keeper&of&horses---now&means&’high-ranking&army&officer’&
&constable&&keeper&of&horses---now&means&’policeman’&
(5)&transfer
e.g.&paper&(&p140)
the&lip&of&a&wound&(&associated&transfer)
purse&for&’money’&(associated&transfer&)
clear-sounding&(&transfer&of&sensations&)&
2.Causes&of&Changes&:&
1)extra&linguistic&factors&
(1)&historical&reason&
a&word&is&retained&for&a&name&thogh&the&meaning&has&changed&because&the&referent&has&changed.
e.g.&&&pen&&feather&in&the&past&---pen,&ball-pens,&fountains&pens
increased&scientific&knowledge&and&discovery&are&also&important&factors.
(2)&class&reason&
elevation&and&degradation
(3)&Psychological&reason&
The&associated&transfer&of&meaning&and&euphemistic&use&of&words
Religious&influence&is&another&kind&of&psychological&need.
e.g.&&copperhead&&on&p.143
2)linguistic&factors&
The&change&of&meaning&may&be&caused&by&internal&factors&within&the&language&system.
Especially&when&a&phrase&is&shortened&to&one&word&which&retains&the&meaning&of&the&whole.&
The&influx&of&borrowings&has&caused&some&words&to&change&in&meaning.&
The&competition&of&native&words&eventually&resulted&in&the&semantic&division.
语义扩大的三个特例:1)polysemic&words&of&modern&English
2)technical&terms&
3)from&proper&nouns&to&common&words
问题:由普通变成专有名词算哪一类词类变化模式?
答案:&Narrowing&
问题:&词义缩小有几个特例?
答案:有三个特例
1)&From&common&words&to&proper&nouns&
e.g.&city&---&&the&City&
pennisular&---&the&Pennisular&
profit&---&the&Profit&
2)&shortening
3)&material&nouns&
问题:&以下的词的词义的变化由什么模式造成的:
1)lust&最早是指人的一种pleasure快乐,现在是指sexual&pleasure,&这种词义变化属于哪一种模式?
答案:&degradation.
2)Editorial&article&缩写为editorial&这是属于哪一种词义变化的模式?
答案:&Narrowing&
3)&the&Pennisular&:&专指利比利亚半岛,那么这个词的形成是属于哪一种模式?
答案:Narrowing&,&因为它是由common&words&变成了proper&nouns&,&
4)&Sandwitch&,&最早是指三明治这个家族,&但是现在是指一切快餐类食品,这种词义的变化属于哪一种
报考一级消防师要求,学尔森13年考培经验为您解答,更有百度信贷分期付学费.
答案：Extension&
5)问题:多义词具有了不同的语义,&这种词义变化模式属于哪一类?
答案：Extension&
6)&问题:liquor&最早是指所有液体的通称,&现在专门指alcoholic&drinking&,&这种词义的变化算哪一种模式?
答案：Narrowing&or&specialization&
7)&car&最早是指马拉的战车,&但是现在就是指小轿车,那么这种词义的变化算是哪一个原因造成的?
答案：Extra&linguistic&factor中的historical&reason&
8)&computer&最早是指人的手工劳动的计算,后来是指占地面积非常大的计算机,现在的计算机就是指micro&computer&,那么computer&词义的变化算哪一个原因造成的?
答案：&Extra&linguistic&fator&中的historical&reason&,&
9)&这时的computer&指代的是哪一种模式?或者是说哪一种理据的构成?
答案：Etymological&motivation&
10)在南北战争时期,&南方的人一见到北方的人就胆战心惊,所以把北方的人比作rattle&snake&,那么南方人的&这种用词,它是哪一种原因造成的?
答案：Extralinguistic&factor中的psychological&reason.
11)&问题:最早的纸是来自非洲的一种做纸的植物叫papyrus,&后来就用paper这个词指代所有的纸张,尽管造纸&的技术和原料变了,&但是paper&这个名词却被保留了下来,&这算词义变化的哪一种模式?
答案:transfer&(书140页)
12)&问题:&Extention&又被称作什么,哪一种词类的变化最能说明这个原因?
答案:&generalization,&from&proper&&to&common&nouns.
13)&问题:Narrowing&最能表现词义缩小的是哪一类?
答案:&From&common&&to&proper&nouns
1)A&concept&is&universal&to&all&men&regardless&of____
A)&culture&B)&race&C)&language&D)&all&of&the&above&
2)问题:&Mouth&在&the&mouth&of&river这个习语&,&它采用了哪一种motivated&?&
答案:&semantically&motivated&
3)问题:&Radiation&and&concatenation&are&different&stages&of&development&leading&to&polysemy&,&generally&,&radiation&和concatenation&哪一个出现的早?
答案:&radiation&proceeds&concatenation&
4)问题:Of&the&most&words&meaning&changes&,&which&are&most&productive&,&which&are&most&common?
答案:Extension&and&narrowing&
5)&问题:&wife&由最早是指所有的woman&变为了married&woman&,&这是属于哪一种?
答案：Narrowing&
6)&问题:&Angel&由最早的messenger&变成了messenger&by&god&,&是哪一个词义变化模式?
答案:&Elvervation&
7)&问题:&silly&它现在的词义是foolish,&它是哪一种语义的变化模式?
答案:&Degradation&
8)问题:&cukoo,&它既指布谷鸟的声音,也可以指布谷鸟,&它是哪种理据构成的词?
答案:&Onomatopoeic&Motivation&
9)问题:&Italian&,&它是哪一个语系分支当中的哪一个语族?&
答案:&Indo-European&language&family&
Western&set&
Italic&
10)问题:&Greek&属于哪一个语系当中的哪一个小的语系当中的哪一个语族?
答案:&Indo-European&language&family&
Western&set&
Hellenic&
11)问题:&fair&and&square,&这属于Idioms中的哪一个类别?
答案：&Phonetic&manipulation&中的&Rhyme
问题：What&are&the&characteristics&of&antonyms?
答案：有四个：
1)&Semantic&opposition
2)&A&word&which&ahs&more&than&one&meaning&can&have&more&than&one&antonym.
3)&Semantic&inclusion&
4)&Contrary&terms&are&gradable&antonyms,&differing&in&degree&of&intensity,&so&each&has&its&own&corresponding&opposite.&
问题：&&The&chicken&is&ready&to&eat&,&请你从语境的角度来分析？
答案：This&is&wrong&sentence,&because&
it&has&two&problems&:&1)Ambiguity&2)Indication&of&reference&
According&to&two&functions&of&Context
1)&Elimination&of&ambiguity
2)&Indication&of&Reference
This&sentence&can&be&corrected&as&follows&:&
1)what&a&nice&smell,&the&chicken&is&ready&to&eat.
2)&The&chicken&is&hungery,&so&the&chicken&needs&foods.
A&concept&has&referring&expressions&____.
A)&one&B)&many&C)a&few&D)&none&of&the&above.
The&grammatical&meanings&of&a&word&refer&to&the&part&of&the&meaning&of&a&word&which&indicate&grammatical&concept&or&relationship,&such&as&____&.
A)&part&of&speech&of&a&word&B)Singular&and&plural&forms&C)&tense&meaning&of&verbs&and&their&inflectional&forms&D)&All&of&the&above.
问题：pick&and&choose&,&它算习语中的哪一个类别？
答案：reiteration&（同义词叠用）
问题：rain&or&shine&，&它算习语中的哪一类
答案：Juxtaposition&(反义词叠用)
kith&and&kin&
alliteration&
might&and&main&
alliteration&
cooked&这是哪一种,&请从词缀的角度来加以区别cooked&
inflectional&affixation&
derivational&affixes&
名词解释：connotative&meaning&:&is&also&known&as&connnotation&
What&are&the&differences&between&hymonyms&and&polysemyms&?
face&是多义词&,&ball&不是
论述题：&I&met&a&write&rwho&is&the&relation&of&a&politician.
I&met&a&newspaper&reporter&who&is&the&brother&of&Senator&Buckley.
以上这两句话哪一话好，好在哪里？(p119)
注意：答这个论述题时先说哪句好，然后加以分析，最后要答上下义关系hyponymy&的名词解释。
Chapter&8&meaning&and&Context
要记两个重要部分:
1&Context&如何进行分类
两种:&1)&Linguistic&context
In&a&narrow&sense,&it&refers&to&the&words,&clauses,&sentences&in&which&a&word
appears.&This&is&known&as&linguistic&context&which&may&cover&a&paragraph,&a&whole&chapter&and&even&the&entire&book.
2)&Extra-linguistic&context
or&non-linguistic&context
IN&a&broad&sense,&it&includes&the&physical&situation&as&well.&This&is&called&extra-linguistic&or&non-linguistic&context,&which&embraces&the&people,&time,&place,&and&even&the&whole&cultural&background.
Context&这两个分类也就是它的名词解释
1)Linguistic&context
Linguistic&context&can&be&subdivided&into&lexical&context&and&grammatical&context
Lexical&context&refers&to&the&words&that&occur&together&with&the&word&in&question.&The&
meaning&of&the&word&is&offten&affected&and&defined&by&the&neighbouring&words.&
Grammatical&context&In&some&cases,&the&meanings&of&a&word&may&be&influenced&by&the&structure&in&which&it&occurs.&This&is&what&we&call&grammatical&context.
重点:简答题:&What&is&linguistic&context?(这道简答题没考过,&但是整个context&考过)
重点:The&role&of&Context&语境的作用?
三个作用:&1)&Elimination&of&Ambiguity
Ambiguity&often&arises&due&to&polysemy&and&homonymy
2)&Indication&of&Referents&
Without&clear&context,&the&reference&can&be&very&confusing.&
3)&Provision&of&Clues&for&Inferring&Wordmeaning
在3)&中又包括八种线索:
(1)&Definition&
(2)&Explanation&
(3)&Example&
(4)&Synonymy
(5)&Antonymy
(6)&Hyponymy
(7)&Relevant&details&
(8)&Word&structure&
第九章:&English&Idioms&
这一章关键是要记习语，这些习语都要记。
名词解释:&Idioms&(重点)
(1)Idioms&consist&of&set&phrases&and&short&
sentences&which&are&peculiar&to&the&language&in&question&and&loaded&with&the&native&cultures&and&ideas.
(2)Strickly&speaking,&idioms&are&expressions&that&are&not&readily&understandable&from&their&literal&meaning&of&indiviudal&elements.
(3)In&forms&idioms&may&include&colloquialisms,&catchphrases,&slang&expressions.&
9.1&Character5istics&of&Idioms&
9.1.1&semantic&unity&(重点)
1)&idioms&each&consist&of&more&than&one&word.&
2)&in&the&idiom&words&have&lost&their&individual&identity.
3)&quite&often&the&idiom&functions&as&one&word.
e.g.&&&till&the&cows&come&home&&,&means&’&forever&as&an&adverb.&
9.1.2&Structural&stability&(&重点)
1)&the&structure&of&an&idiom&is&to&a&large&exten&unchangeable.&first&,&the&constituents&of&idioms&cannot&be&replaced.&
e.g.&&&in&a&brown&study&&(&deep&in&thought&)&
&&lip&service&&(&support&only&in&words,&not&in&fact&)&
&&kick&the&bucket&&&(&die)&
&&bury&the&hatcher&&(&come&to&friendly&or&peaceful&terms)&
2)&Secondly,&the&word&order&cannot&be&inverted&or&changed.&
e.g.&twos&and&&tit&for&&the&lion’s&share&
3)&Thirdly,&the&constituents&of&an&idioms&cannot&be&deleted&or&added&to&,&not&even&an&article.&
e.g.&out&of&the&question&means&’&impossible’
in&question&(&being&considered)&
4)&Finally&,&many&idioms&are&grammatical&unanalysable,&
e.g.&diamond&cut&diamond&(&two&parties&are&equally&matched&)&
like&cures&like&
(as)&sure&as&eggs&(&quite&certainly&)&
stepped&up&(&improve&or&enhance)&
in&the&raw&(&naked&)&
turnn&over&a&new&leaf&(&begin&a&new&life&)&
draw&the&curtain&(&end&or&concel&)&
9.2&Classification&of&Idioms&
The&difficulty&in&using&idioms&lies&first&in&the&difficulty&of&grasping&the&elusive&and&figurative&meaning,&of&determining&the&syntactic&functions&of&idioms&
e.g.&heart&and&soul&(&adverbial&)&
Idioms&may&be&classified&into&five&groups:
1)&Idioms&Nominal&in&Nature&
2)&Idioms&Adjectival&in&Nature
3)&Idioms&Verbal&in&Nature（五类中最重要的）
注意：考试的一个要点在这，&动词性习语有哪两类划分？
(1)&phrasal&verbs&:&短语动词
(2)&verbal&phrases&:&动词短语
4)&Idioms&Adverbial&in&Nature&
e.g.&&in&clover&’&or&&&in&the&clover&&&(&in&rich&comfort&or&having&a&pleasant&or&easy&life&0&
5)&Sentence&Idioms&
9.3&Use&of&Idioms&
The&rhetoric&characteristics&of&idioms&such&as&:&stylistic&features,&rhetoric&features&and&their&occasional&variations.
9.3.1&Stylistic&F
Such&expressions&were&all&colloquial&and&informal&and&once&confined&to&a&limited&group&
of&people&engaged&in&the&same&trade&or&activity.&But&they&proved&terse,&vivid,&forcible&and&stimulating&so&that&later&they&broke&out&of&their&bounds&and&gradualy&gained&wide&acceptance.As&a&result,&their&early&stylistic&features&faded&in&part&and&many&became&part&of&the&common&core&of&the&language&and&are&now&used&in&different&situations.
9.3.2&Rhetorical&Features&(&examples&are&very&important&)&
1)&phonetic&manipulation
(1)&Alliteration&
(2)&Rhyme&
2)&Lexical&manipuation&
(1)&Reiteration&(&duplication&of&synonyms&)
e.g.&hustle&and&bustle&
cut&and&carve&
odds&and&ends&
(2)&Repetition&
e.g.&word&for&word&
year&in&year&out&
(3)&Juxtaposition&(&of&antonyms&)&
e.g.&up&and&down&
hit&or&miss&
rain&and&shine&
3.&Figures&of&speech&
(1)&Simile&
e.g.&as&dead&as&a&doornail&
sleep&like&a&log&
(2)&Metaphor&
Animals&are&used&to&refer&to&people,&
e.g.&grey&mare&
snake&in&the&grass&
Inanimate&things&to&refer&to&people&
e.g.&a&new&broom&
flat&tire&
the&salt&of&the&earth
Things&to&refer&to&something&else,&
e.g.&bed&of&dust&
a&wet&blanket&
black&bottle&
Actions,&state&to&refer&to&abstract&ideas&or&other&actions,&state,&etc.
e.g.&sit&on&the&fence&
cut&the&ground&from&under&sb.&
fall&from&grace&
(3)&Metonymy&:&idioms&in&which&the&name&of&one&thing&is&used&for&that&of&another&associated&with&it.&
(4)&Synecdoche:&substituting&part&for&the&whole&
e.g.&fall&into&good&hands&
earn&one’s&bread&
(5)&Personification&
e.g.&The&pot&calls&the&cattle&back&
(6)&Euphemism&
9.3.3&Variations&of&Idioms&
1)&Replacement&
2)&Addition&or&deletion&
3)&Position-shifting&
4)&Shortening&
5)&Dismembering
问题：classification&of&idioms可分为哪几类？&
答案：Idioms&may&be&classified&into&five&groups&:&
1)&Idioms&Nominal&in&Natural&
2)&Idioms&Adjectival&in&Nature&
3)&Idioms&Verbal&in&Nature&
4)&Idioms&Adverbial&in&Nature&
5)&Sentence&Idioms&
问题：Sentence&idioms&如何分类:&(&选择或填空还未考过)
答案：&They&embrace&declarative,&interrogative,&imperative&and&exclamative&sentences.
In&terms&of&complexity&Sentence&Idioms&can&be&further&divided&into&simple,&compound&and&complex&sentences.&
注意：习语中的特例有可能是填空内容:
(Exception1)&This&class&contains&numerous&prepositional&phrases,&which&in&nature&are&either&adjectival&or&adverbial&and&in&many&cases&have&both&functions&at&the&same&time.
(Exception2&)Sentence&Idioms&are&mainly&proverbs&and&sayings,&including&colloquialisms&and&catchphrases,&including&colloquialisms&and&catchphrases.&
(Exception3)In&terms&of&complexity&Sentence&Idioms&can&be&further&divided&into&simple,&compound&and&complex&sentences.&
(Exception4）&forms&and&functions&of&idioms&are&not&necessarily&identical.
问题：What&are&the&rhetorical&features&of&idioms?
答案：1)Phonetic&manipulation
(1)&Alliteration&
(2)&Rhyme&
2)&Lexical&manipulation&
(1)&Reiteration&
(2)&Repetition&
(3)&Juxtaposition&
问题：Figures&of&speech&(&大的修饰格6个,&小的修饰格4个)
答案：&1)&Simile&
2)&Metaphor&
3)&Metonymy&
4)&Synecdoche
5)&Personification&
6)&Euphemism&
(1)&humourous&
(2)&ironic&and&sardonic&in&tones&
(3)&derogatory&
(4)&hyperbole&
重点简答题:&Metonymy&和Synecdoche&,&这两种修饰有何区别?&(&未考过)
答案：Both&metonymy&and&synecdoche&involve&substitution&of&names,&yet&they&differ&in&that&the&former&is&a&case&of&using&the&name&of&one&thing&for&another&closely&associated&with&it&and&the&latter&is&that&of&substituting&part&for&the&whole&and&vice&versa.
习语的分析：(挑出习语加以分析，它是哪一个类型,&然后加以解释)
e.g.&He&goes&to&the&service&,&rain&or&shine.
答：In&this&sentence,&rain&or&shine,&is&an&idiom.
rain&or&shine&is&composed&in&Juxtaposition.
It&is&Idiom&adverbial&in&nature&
改写后：He&goes&to&the&service,&no&matter&what&the&weather&looks&like&,&no&matter&what&and&no&matter&what&kind&of&difficulties.
第十章&English&Dictionaries&
词典这一部分在填空或选择时出现的可能是最大的
1)&词典的种类
2)每一种词典的特殊性也是考试的要点：
比如：CCELD它的最大特殊性是它的extra&column
3)&每一种词典的vocabulary&stock&也是考试的要点：
英语词汇学模拟测试：
一.&Multiple&choice&(30%)
1.&From&the&1500’s&through&the&1700’s,&over___&new&words&entered&the&English&language.
A.&6000&B.&7000&C.&9000&D.&10.000
2.&&&Nature&&in&the&word&&&denaturalization&&&is&not&___&.
A.&free&root&B.&stems&C.&affixes&D.&compounds&
3.&A&concept&is&universal&to&all&men&regardless&of____
A)&culture&B)&race&C)&language&D)&all&of&the&above&
4.&A&word&is&a&symbol&that&_____.&
A)&is&used&by&same&community&
B)&represents&something&else&in&the&world&
C)&is&both&simple&and&complex&in&nature&
D)&Shows&different&ideas&in&different&sounds&
5.&In&the&idiom,&&&fall&from&grace&&,&____&is&used.
A.&Metaphor&B.&Metonymy&C.&Synecdoche&D.&Euphemism
6.&Every&word&that&has&meaning&has&___,&but&not&every&word&has&____&.
A.&reference,&sense&B.&sense,&reference&C.&both&of&them&D&neither&of&them&
7.&The&word&&greenhorn&&is&___.&
A.&onomatopoeically&motivated&
B.&morphologically&motivated
C.&semantically&motivated&
D.&etymologically&motivated&
8.&The&reader&cann’t&find&___,&___,&____in&an&encyclopedia.
A.&pronunciation,&meaning,&usage&
B.&pronunciation,&meaning,&information&
C.&pronunciation,&usage,&information&
D.&meaning,&usage,&information&
10.&Breaking&up&the&idioms&into&pieces&can&be&called&___.
A.&shortening&B.&deletion&C.&dismembering&D.&position-shifting
11.&Homophones&are&often&employed&to&create&puns&for&desired&effects&
A.&humor&B.&sarcasm&C.&ridicule&D.&all&the&above&
12.&Linguistic&factors&of&word&meaning&change&exclude____.
A.&internal&facotors&within&the&language&system&
B.&the&influx&of&borrowing&
C.&analogy&
D.&grammar
13.&The&meaning&of&many&words&often&relate&directly&to&their&___&,&which&is&known&as&eymological&motivation&.
A.&structures&B.&sounds&C.&origins&D&features&
14.&___&often&lead&to&ambiguity.&
A.&Polysemy&B.&homonymy&C.&Grammatical&structure&D.&all&the&above&
15.&___&are&bound&morphemes&because&they&cannot&be&used&as&separate&words.
A.&roots&B.&stems&C.&affixes&D.&compounds
二.&Complete&the&following&statements&with&proper&words&according&to&the&course&book&(10%)
16.&With&____&,&many&Scandinavian&words&came&into&the&English&language.
17.It&can&be&concluded&that&English&has&evolved&from&___&to&the&present&analytic&language.
18.&Idioms&may&be&classified&into&five&groups&by&the&criterion&of&____&.&
19.&When&proper&nouns&are&commonized,&many&of&them&have&lost&their&____.
20.&Concatenation&describes&a&process&where&each&of&the&later&meaning&is&related&only&to&___&like&chains.&
三.&Match&the&words&or&expressions&in&column&A&with&those&in&column&B&(&10%&)
21.&sunbathe&(&)&A.&word&form&proper&noun&
22.&changeable&(&)&B.&prefixation&
23.&donate&(&)&C.&back-formation&
24.&pocket&(&)&D.&conversion
25.&postwar&(&)&E.&clipping&
26.&perm&(&)&F.&blending
27.&treated&(&)&G.&compounding&
28.&telequiz&(&)&H.&inflection&
29.&V-Day&(&)&I.&acronymy&
30.&Watergate&(&)&J.&suffixation&
四.&study&the&following&words&and&expressions&and&identify&(&10%)&
1)&types&of&context&clues&;&2)&types&of&word&formation&
3)&types&of&word-meaning&changes&4)&rhetorical&features&of&idioms.
31.&slurb&(&)&
32.&the&usual&amenities&such&as&a&pub,&a&post&office&and&a&school&(&)&
33.&making&a&restatement&of&a&new&word&or&concept&in&familiar&words&(&)&
34.&live&by&one’s&pen&(&)&
35.&kith&and&kin&(&)&
36.&fax&(&)
37.&disobey,&impolite&(&)&
38.&hussy:&&&person&who&worked&in&a&villa&&&---&&&evil&or&wicked&person&or&scoundrel&&&
39.&accident&:&&&event&&---&&&unfortunate&event&&
40.&nice&:&&&ignorant&&&---&&&foolish&&&
五.&define&the&following&terms&(&10%&)&
41.&conversion&
42.&sense&
43.&motivation&
44.&hyponymy&
45.&English&idioms&
六.&Answer&the&following&questions.&Your&answers&should&be&clear&and&short.&Write&your&answers&in&
the&space&given&below.&(12%)&
46.&What&is&the&difference&between&root&and&stem?
47.&What&is&the&difference&between&content&words&and&functional&words,&
illustrate&your&point&with&examples&?&
48.&Why&do&we&say&context&take&an&important&position&in&understanding?&
七.&Analyze&the&following.&Write&your&answers&in&the&space&given&below.&(18%)
49.&a.&It&is&said&that&a&magnificent&building&was&destroyed&yesterday.&
b.&The&news&says&that&the&Royal&Hotel&was&burnt&down&last&night.
coment&on&the&above&sentences&in&terms&of&superordinates&and&subordinates.
50.&(1)&Women&are&flowers.&(2)&Women&are&tigers.
Study&the&above&sentences.&Analyze&&&women’s&&&grammatical&meaning,&conceptual&meaning&
and&connotative&meaning&in&each&sentence.
(编辑：《自考周刊》栏目组)&
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