Enter your Email address:
Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed
to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without
your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy.
Wolters Kluwer Health Logo
& Continuous‐Pressure Controlled, External Ventricular Drainag...
Text sizing:
If you have access to this article through your institution, you can view this article in
Neurosurgery:
Clinical Study
Continuous‐Pressure Controlled, External Ventricular Drainage for Treatment of Acute Hydrocephalus—Evaluation of Risk Factors
Bogdahn, U. M.D.; Lau, W. M.D.; Hassel, W. Grad. Eng.; Gunreben, G. M.D.; Mertens, H. G. M.D.; Brawanski, A. M.D.
EXPERIENCE WITH A continuous-pressure controlled, external ventricular drainage system (EVD) in 100 patients (n = 49 female, n = 51 mean age, 56.3 yr) with acute hydrocephalus is reported. Cerebrospinal fluid circulation disturbances resulted from hemorrhages caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 45), parenchymal hemorrhages from angioma (n = 4), anticoagulants (n = 7), or hypertension or other reasons (n = 30); in addition, hydrocephalus developed from infections (n = 3), tumors (n = 2), infratentorial infarction (n = 5), or unknown reasons (n = 4); 52 patients had ventricular hemorrhages. No patient died of system-associated morbidity. Mean time of EVD treatment was 9.5 days, with 40 patients being treated for 10 to 29 routine refobacin (5 mg) flushing of the system was performed three times a day. Patients without cerebrospinal fluid leakage had a 2% rate of secondary infection compared with 13% in patients with cerebrospinal fluid leakage due to ventricular catheter placement (P & 0.05; overall infection rate, 5%). A clinical mortality rate of 29% during EVD treatment was observed in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients (Hunt and Hess Grades II, III, IV, and V; n = 9, 9, 18, and 9, respectively); recurrent hemorrhages during EVD treatment occurred in 19 patients (26 hemorrhages), and of these, 10 patients died. System occlusion was seen in 19 cases (12 of 45 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage), requiring catheter and system renewal in 1 system extraction was seen in 3 cases, misplacement was seen in 11 cases, and disconnection was seen in 5 cases. We conclude that EVD treatment with a modern aseptic system and continuous pressure monitoring has no additional mortality, as well as an acceptable rate of secondary infections and tec the poor prognosis patient selection may be responsible for a relatively high frequency of recurrent hemorrhages. Continuous pressure monitoring allows regular monitoring of intracranial pressure, early recognition of system occlusion, and recurrent hemorrhage.
Neurosurgery. 31(5):898-904, November 1992.
Your Name: (optional)
Your Email:
Colleague's Email:
Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Neurosurgery.
Send a copy to your email
Your message has been successfully sent to your colleague.
Some error has occurred while processing your request. Please try after some time.
An Existing Folder
A New Folder
Folder Name:
Description:
The item(s) has been successfully added to "".
Username or Email:
Remember me
Enter and submit the email address you registered with. An email with instructions to reset your password will be sent to that address.
Link to reset your password has been sent to specified email address.
What does "Remember me" mean?
By checking this box, you'll stay logged in until you logout. You'll get easier access to your articles, collections,
media, and all your other content, even if you close your browser or shut down your
To protect your most sensitive data and activities (like changing your password),
we'll ask you to re-enter your password when you access these services.
What if I'm on a computer that I share with others?
If you're using a public computer or you share this computer with others, we recommend
that you uncheck the "Remember me" box.
Article Tools
View Full Text
Article as EPUB
Reference Manager
Save my selection
Article Level Metrics
Related Links
Aneurysms, Antibiotic therapy, Central nervous system infection, Central nervous system tuberculosis, Hydrocephalus, Refobacin, Shunt infections, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Ventricular drainage
Search for Similar Articles
You may search for similar articles that contain these same keywords or you may
modify the keyword list to augment your search.
Aneurysms, Antibiotic therapy, Central nervous system infection, Central nervous system tuberculosis, Hydrocephalus, Refobacin, Shunt infections, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Ventricular drainage
Related Videos
Data is temporarily unavailable. Please try again soon.
Readers Of this Article Also ReadUser not found
Excellence in Research and Innovation
for Humanity
User not foundNo data available.
Please log in to see this content.
You have no subscription access to this content.
No metrics data to plot.
The attempt to load metrics for this article has failed.
The attempt to plot a graph for these metrics has failed.
The full text of this article is not currently available.
SU‐GG‐T‐589: Kernel Based Dose Calculation in Heterogeneous Media Using Fast Fourier Transform
View Affiliations
Hide Affiliations
Affiliations:
Med. Phys. 37, 3323 (Tue Jun 01 00:00:00 UTC 2010);
Purpose: This study evaluates the accuracy of the scatterdose calculation using FFT method in heterogeneous medium against Monte Carlo simulation.Method and Materials: Point spread kernels for scatterdoses are generated using Monte Carlo simulation in water for both 6X and 15X photon beams. Primary collision kerma Kc and scerma Scp, are determined using the photon energy spectrum Φ (E) as,
respectively, where the mass scattering coefficient μs/r = μ/r - μen/r. Note that beam hardening effects in primary collision kerma and scerma have been corrected at different depth by e -μ(E)l
. Heterogeneity is accounted for by a fast ray‐ racing algorithm developed in‐house which determines the radiological length distribution within the heterogeneous phantom. The fast ray‐ racing algorithm is capable of accommodating both divergent and parallel beams when calculating the primary collision kerma and scerma. The kernels are assumed to be space invariant and fast Fourier transform is used to evaluate the convolution integral. The scatterdose is obtained as the convolution between the scatter kernel and scerma. Results: Two cylindrical heterogeneous lung phantoms, one narrow and the other wide, are used to examine the accuracy of this method. It is found that the ray‐ racing algorithm can calculate both the kerma and scerma to within 1%. Convolutions of the kerma and scerma with the scatter kernel are evaluated against the results obtained from full Monte Carlo simulation to examine the beam hardening correction factor. Effect of beam divergence is also evaluated by comparing divergent and parallel beams. Conclusion: Kernel based real‐ ime dose calculation is a fast and viable alternative to the current correction‐ased treatment planning system. In this implementation, we implemented a fast ray‐ racing algorithm that accounts for heterogeneity and incorporates the beam hardening effect. Initial testing shows that the accuracy is within 1% of full Monte Carlodose simulation.
Key Topics
/content/aapm/journal/medphys/37/6/10.8990
http://aip./content/aapm/journal/medphys/37/6/10.8990
SU‐GG‐T‐589: Kernel Based Dose Calculation in Heterogeneous Media Using Fast Fourier Transform
Med. Phys. 37, 3323 (Tue Jun 01 00:00:00 UTC 2010);
/content/aapm/journal/medphys/37/6/10.8990
/content/aapm/journal/medphys/37/6/10.8990
Data & Media loading...
Article metrics loading...
/content/aapm/journal/medphys/37/6/10.8990
/content/aapm/journal/medphys/37/6/10.8990
dcterms_title,dcterms_subject,pub_keyword
-contentType:Contributor -contentType:Concept -contentType:Institution
Full text loading...
SU‐GG‐T‐589: Kernel Based Dose Calculation in Heterogeneous Media Using Fast Fourier Transform
Med. Phys. 37, 3323 (Tue Jun 01 00:00:00 UTC 2010);
/content/aapm/journal/medphys/37/6/10.8990
Most read this month
content/aapm/journal/medphys
Most cited this month
/recommendto/jsessionid=cIVSDnN8qmEx0QTb2S27PQmV.x-aip-live-06?webId=%2Fcontent%2Faapm%2Fjournal%2Fmedphys&title=Medical+Physics&issn=
Medical Physics & Recommend this title to your library
Access Key
FFree Content
OAOpen Access Content
SSubscribed Content
TFree Trial Content
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Oops! This section
does not exist...Use the links on this page to find existing content.
Click here to download this PDF to your device.
752b8dbdd7fdb8b9568b5
journal.articlezxybnytfddd
Scitation: SU‐GG‐T‐589: Kernel Based Dose Calculation in Heterogeneous Media Using Fast Fourier Transform
http://aip./content/aapm/journal/medphys/37/6/10.8990
SEARCH_EXPAND_ITEM
/content/realmedia?fmt=ahah&adPositionList=
&advertTargetUrl=//oascentral.aip.org/RealMedia/ads/&sitePageValue=online.medphys.org/37/6/10.8990&pageURL=http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapm/journal/medphys/37/6/10.8990'
Right1,Right2,Right3,
journal/journal.article
aapm/medphys
/content/aapm/journal/medphys/37/6/10.8990
online.medphys.org/37/6/10.8990/Right1,Right2,Right3}